scholarly journals Rapid Flowering of Microcultured Cranberry Plants

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Serres ◽  
Brent McCown
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Potted Plant

The capability to uniformlyinduce flowering in cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. `Stevens') in < 1 year from microculture was investigated to accelerate cranberry breeding and to study woody plant reproductive biotechnology. Flower buds were induced on newly micropropagated cranberry plants during the first growing season. A treatment of 2.5 mg of paclobutrazol applied as a soil drench per 2- to 3-month-old potted plant in midsummer, when the plants were grown in coldframes under natural daylength and air temperatures, resulted in 70% of the plants flowering. Plants not treated with paclobutrazol did not flower. Reduced but significant flower bud set was observed on plants treated with paclobutrazol but grown in the greenhouse under natural daylength. Flowering was stimulated by cold treatment coupled with gibberellin sprays and/or repotting to nonpaclobutrazol-treated medium. Chemical name used: β -[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-ct-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).

scholarly journals Cold Treatment and Forcing Temperature Influence Flowering of Campanula carpatica `Blue Clips'

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 861-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Whitman ◽  
Royal D. Heins ◽  
Arthur C. Cameron ◽  
William H. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Calculated Average ◽  
Campanula Carpatica

The influence of cold treatments on flowering in Campanula carpatica Jacq. `Blue Clips' was determined. Plants with 10 to 12 nodes (P1) and 12 to 16 nodes (P2), in 128-cell (10-mL cell volume) and 50-cell (85-mL cell volume) trays, respectively, were stored at 5 °C for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 weeks under a 9-hour photoperiod. They then were transplanted and forced in a 20 °C greenhouse under a 9-hour photoperiod with a 4-hour night interruption (NI) (2200 to 0200 hr). Time to visible bud and to flowering in P1 decreased slightly as the duration of cold treatment increased. Flowering was hastened by ≈10 days after 14 weeks at 5 °C. Cold treatments had no significant effect on time to visible bud or flower in P2. The number of flower buds on P1 did not change significantly in response to cold treatments, while flower bud count on P2 increased by up to 60% as duration of cold treatments increased. Final height at flowering of both ages decreased 10% to 20% with increasing duration of cold exposure. To determine the relationship between forcing temperature and time to flower, three plant sizes were forced under a 9-hour photoperiod with a 4-hour NI (2200 to 0200 hr) at 15, 18, 21, 24, or 27 °C. Plants flowered more quickly at higher temperatures, but the number and diameter of flowers were reduced. Days to visible bud and flowering were converted to rates, and base temperature (Tb) and thermal time to flowering (degree-days) were calculated. Average Tb for forcing to visible bud stage was 2.1 °C; for forcing to flower, 0.0 °C. Calculated degree-days to visible bud were 455; to flower, 909.

scholarly journals Arctic Plants Produce Vastly Different Numbers of Flowers in Three Contrasting Years at Lake Hazen, Quttinirpaaq National Park, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe A. Panchen
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
National Park ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Arctic Plants ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Warming Climate

To maximise reproductive success in the short Arctic growing season, plants pre-form flower buds the year prior to flowering. Flower bud production depends on warm ambient temperatures. Thus, although currently Arctic plants have low rates of sexual reproductive success, the warming climate may increase reproductive success. Following the long, warm growing season in 2012, plants at Lake Hazen, Ellesmere Island, produced many flowers in the short, cold growing season of 2013. Conversely, few flowers were produced in 2014, a long, warm growing season, but many flowers were produced in 2015, another long, warm growing season. Potentially higher rates of reproductive success in a warming climate could be compromised if consecutive years do not have long, warm growing seasons.

USE OF GIBBERELLIC ACID TO HASTEN FLOWERING IN RUTABAGA

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ALI ◽  
V. SOUZA MACHADO
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Flower Bud Formation

In field conditions, rutabaga (Brassica napus ssp. Rapifera (Metzg.) Sinsk.) plants are biennials and require exposure to low temperature for completion of their life cycle to seed production state. When young rutabaga plants were thermoinduced (3–5 °C) for 8 wk and subsequently transferred to growth room conditions, formation of flower buds resulted in 6 wk. Flowering response was greatly enhanced if the plants were sprayed with GA3 (100 mg/L) prior to thermoinduction. Compared with untreated plants, the GA3-sprayed plants responded with flower bud formation after as little as 3 wk of cold treatment. A longer cold exposure (6–8 wk) of the GA3-sprayed plants resulted in rapid development and maturity of the inflorescence. This note emphasizes the pharmacological role of gibberellins as regulators of flowering and their usefulness to enhance seed production and plant breeding programs.

scholarly journals 444 Forcing Requirements of Seed-propagated Easter Lilies

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 470C-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil O. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Hybrid Treatment ◽  
Easter Lily ◽  
Bud Initiation

Seed-propagated lilies have the potential to revolutionize Easter lily production, eliminating clonal disease transmission, costly production and shipping. Five F1 interspecific hybrids, Lilium × formolongo (L. longiflorum × L. formosanum), were evaluated to establish an initial forcing schedule. The hybrids included `Raizan Herald', `Augusta F1', `Raizan No. 1', `Raizan No. 2', and `Raizan No. 3'. Two hundred seeds/hybrid were sown in early July in plug trays. Ten weeks after sowing, seedlings were transplanted into 3-inch pots. At the 20-week stage, the seedlings were repotted into 6-inch standard pots for the final production phase. All hybrids had low germination rates (<20%). Hybrids were grown under two photoperiod treatments (short, long days) at 21 °C with n = 10 reps/hybrid/treatment. Plants were evaluated for no. days to visible bud, leaf unfolding rate, final plant height, leaf number, bud count, flowering dates, and the no. of shoots/bulb. Ten weeks after sowing, hybrids had one to four leaves/plant. At 20 weeks, the leaf number had increased to as many as 40. Despite the lack of a cold treatment, most hybrids initiated flower buds. Visible bud date occurred as early as 20 weeks after sowing. Photoperiod had no effect on leaf number, stem height, and flower bud initiation. Plant height exceeded 15 inches by week 16 in most hybrids, indicating the need for plant growth regulator applications. The next steps in product development for seed-propagated Easter lilies will be outlined.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Root Formation in Cuttings from Flowering Stock Plants of Chrysanthemum

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 836B-836
Author(s):  
Carrie DeVier ◽  
Robert L. Geneve
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Bud Removal

The influence of flowers on root formation in mum cuttings was evaluated for stock plants grown under long (LD) or short (SD) days. SD plants showed visible flower buds after 20 days and color after 30 days. Cuttings were taken from LD or SD plants at 10-day intervals until flowers were fully open. Cuttings from LD plants rooted at 100% throughout the study, with 24 or more roots per cutting. Cuttings from SD plants showed a gradual reduction in rooting percentage and number as flower development increased. After 30 days, roots per cutting for SD plants was reduced by 85% compared to LD cuttings and only 30% of SD cuttings rooted. In a separate experiment, cuttings were taken from stock plants after 40 long or short days. Partial or all flower buds were removed from SD plants prior to sticking. SD cuttings (regardless of flower bud removal) rooted at <47%. LD cuttings rooted between 23.6 to 43.8, while SD cuttings rooted between 3.1 and 8.5 roots per rooted cutting. The data indicates that cuttings taken from flowering plants show reduced potential for rooting and that this effect was not influenced by removal of flowers prior to sticking cuttings.

scholarly journals Interaction of environment conditions and genotypes on expression of genetic background in micro-phenophases of strawberry mixed flower bud

Genetika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Selamovska ◽  
Suzana Kratovalieva ◽  
Katerina Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Sum Of Effective Temperatures

The aim of this research is differentiation or micro-phenophases of reproductive organs on two junebearing strawberry (Fragaria x anannassa) varieties senga sengana and pocahontas, depending on climate conditions, rosettes ordering and cultivate manner (orchard mulched on black foil and orchard on bare soil). The beginning of differentiation of flower buds is genetic characteristic depending on climate conditions (insulations, day length, higher midday and night air temperatures from 1.05 till the beginning of differentiation, the sum of rainfalls from the beginning of May until the end of July), order of rosettes and cultivate manner The sum of effective temperatures over 10?C from 1st of May till the beginning of differentiation has no influence on beginning of flower buds differentiation. First morphological changes of the apical meristem were started in the first decade of August that has coincided with the day length of 14 hours and day insulations of 9.3 hours. Micro-phenophases were undergoing almost at the same time in both varieties, only the beginning at pocahontas was 2-3 days earlier. Primary rosettes differ 10-15 days earlier than the secondary rosettes. Plants that grown on black foil had 7-10 days earlier flower bud differentiation compared to those grown on bare soil.

scholarly journals Nutrient Accumulation and Flower Bud Formation Affected by the Time of Terminal Bud Set on Water Sprouts of Persimmon

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Tae Choi ◽  
Doo-Sang Park ◽  
Seong-Mo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
Terminal Buds

Heavy pruning to lower tree height of persimmon results in excessive production of water sprouts and reduced yield. This experiment was conducted on ‘Fuyu’ (Diospyros kaki) trees to assess if the time for terminal bud set of water sprouts affected flower bud formation. Some sprouts were not pruned to serve as fruiting branches for the next season. Thirty to 40 water sprouts were tagged in 2005 and 2006, the growth of which stopped from mid-June to late August. The later terminal buds set, the lower the percent dry weight in the apical 10 cm. The apical segments of sprouts that continued to grow to mid- to late August were characterized by low soluble sugars, starch, and inorganic elements such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) compared with those that set terminal buds earlier. The number of flower buds from the water sprouts that set terminal buds by early August the previous year bore more than 12 flower buds the next year, whereas those that grew to mid- to late August bore fewer than three. It was concluded that water sprouts could be used as fruiting branches for the next year as long as terminal buds set by early August, thereby alleviating yield reductions that come with heavy pruning.

scholarly journals 173 CRANBERRY PLANTS COMPENSATE FOR UPRIGHT TIP DESTRUCTION BY CRANBERRY TIPWORM

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 453f-453
Author(s):  
Carolyn DeMoranville ◽  
Anne Averill
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Terminal Flower ◽  
Return Bloom ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Insecticide Sprays

Cranberry tipworm (Dasyneura vaccinii Smith) lays its eggs in the upright tips of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) plants. Feeding damage by newly hatched maggots leads to characteristic cupping of leaves in the upright tip. This damage is readily apparent to growers and has led to concern that damaged tips would not form terminal flower buds for the following season. Insecticide sprays and cultural practices intended to control this insect are generally ineffective. While studying the incidence of return bloom in cranberry uprights (Strik, B. C., et al. 1991. HortScience 26:1366-1367) heavy cranberry tipworm injury with little apparent effect on yield was noted. We initiated a three year study to examine the potential for cranberry plants to recover from tipworm injury and found that cranberry plants recover completely (no effect on flower bud production) from tipworm injury as long as the injury occurs before mid-August. Only 25% recovery from late-season infestations was found. However, such infestations seldom affected more than 5% of the upright tips. Based on our data, we calculated a maximum 6% loss of flower buds to cranberry tipworm in a year of high late-season infestations.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SHADE ON KALMIA LATIFOLIA GROWTH AND FOLIAGE COLOR

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 632a-632
Author(s):  
Mark H. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Kalmia Latifolia ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
Second Year

Container production of recently-developed and popular Kalmia latifolia cultivars has not been fully optimized. A study was conducted using six cultivars grown in full sun, 40% shade or 60% shade. Under 60% shade, plant height was reduced slightly, but shading, at either 40% or 60%, had no significant effect on all other measured growth parameters. Plants were too young to set significant numbers of flower buds, so the study will be continued a second year to quantify the effects of shade on flower bud set. Foliage color was measured using a Minolta CR-200 Chroma Meter. As shading increased, hue angle increased and the chroma and value of the color decreased, indicating that shading produced greener (less yellow), darker and duller foliage colors. Foliar chlorophyll content increased with increasing shading. Higher foliar chlorophyll content correlates with greener leaves in shaded treatments and is likely contributing to the green color. Using moderate levels of shade over container-grown Kalmia could allow growers to produce greener, more marketable plants without sacrificing plant growth.

INTERACTION OF METHOD AND DATE OF PRUNING ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMR A. ISMAIL ◽  
ERIC J. HANSON
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Flower Primordia ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Number Of Stems

Lowbush blueberry plants (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) were pruned mechanically by flail mowing or thermally by oil burning in the spring and fall. Plant growth pattern, vigor, and flower bud production were determined after one growing season. The incidence of winter injury to flower primordia and berry yields was also determined. The total number of stems produced was not affected by the pruning treatments, but the growth habit of stems was influenced by the method and time of pruning. The pruning treatments had no influence on the incidence of winter injury to flower primordia. Burning resulted in more flower buds per 0.1 m2 than mowing. Yields were not influenced by the method or time of pruning.

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