461 PB 292 MAPPING RAPD MARKER DIVERSITY IN PHASEOLUS VULGARIS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 497c-497
Author(s):  
Paul Skroth ◽  
Jim Nienhuis ◽  
Geunhwa Jung ◽  
Dermont Coyne
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Efficient Construction ◽  
Two Populations

Knowledge of genetic relationships and genetic diversity among accessions is essential for the efficient construction, maintainance and utilization of large ex-situ germplasm collections. Furthermore, streamlining of large collections into care collections necessitates validation of germplasm sampling techniques. DNA molecular markers provide potentially unbiased estimators of genome diversity end may facilitate organization, maintainance, and sampling of plant genetic resources. Our data suggests that RAPD markers will be o good tool for testing tore collection concepts and organizing genetic diversity in common bean. However, the genomic distribution of markers is unknown. Currently we are using recombinant inbred (RI) populations to place RAPD markers in the context of the bean genetic map. We hove evaluated the the distribution of RAPD markers in three RI populations: Bat93 × Jalo EEP558, PC50 × Xan159, and BAC6 × HT7719. Cultivated P.vulgaris has two primary renters of diversity Mesoamerican and Andean, the RI populations used for mapping RAPD markers ore Meso × Andean, Andean × Andean, and Meso × Meso crosses respectively. In the Bat93 × Jalo EEP558 population 383 markers have been mapped for a map length of 735 cM. However, approximately 150 of these markers ore members of 9 dusters which span only 90 cM. This inter gone pool mop is being integrated with linkage mops constructed in the other two populations to compare within and between gene pool marker distributions and to evaluate clustering of markers on the different mops. Implications for the application of RAPD markers will be discussed.

scholarly journals Comparison of AFLPs, RAPD Markers, and Isozymes for Diversity Assessment of Garlic and Detection of Putative Duplicates in Germplasm Collections

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryem Ipek ◽  
Ahmet Ipek ◽  
Philipp W. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Diversity Assessment

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an asexually propagated crop that displays much morphological diversity. Studies which have assessed garlic diversity with isozymes and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers generally agreed with the morphological observations but sometimes failed to discriminate clones. To discriminate among closely related garlic clones in more detail, we introduced amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLPs) to evaluate the genetic diversity and phenetic relatedness of 45 garlic clones and three A. longicuspis clones and we compared AFLP results with RAPD markers and isozymes. Three AFLP primer combinations generated a total of 183 polymorphic fragments. Although similarities between the clusters were low (≥0.30), some clones within the clusters were very similar (>0.95) with AFLP analysis. Sixteen clones represented only six different banding patterns, within which they shared 100% polymorphic AFLPs and RAPD markers, and likely are duplicates. In agreement with the results of other investigators, A. longicuspis and A. sativum clones were clustered together with no clear separation, suggesting these species are not genetically or specifically distinct. The topology of AFLP, RAPD, and isozyme dendrograms were similar, but RAPD and isozyme dendrograms reflected less and much less polymorphism, respectively. Comparison of unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) dendrograms of AFLP, RAPD, and isozyme cluster analyses using the Mantel test indicated a correlation of 0.96, 0.55, and 0.57 between AFLP and RAPD, AFLP and isozyme, and RAPD and isozyme, respectively. Polymorphic AFLPs are abundant in garlic and demonstrated genetic diversity among closely related clones which could not be differentiated with RAPD markers and isozymes. Therefore, AFLP is an additional tool for fingerprinting and detailed assessment of genetic relationships in garlic.

The Characterization of Jalapeno (Capsicum annuum) Germplasm Based on RAPD Markers and Morphology

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 514d-514
Author(s):  
Julie M. Villand ◽  
James Nienhuis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Market Class ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Marker Frequency

Characterization of germplasm collections is often criticized due to the lack of relevance given to “unadapted” germplasm by commercial breeders. Within Capsicum, only specific pod types are commercially important. Jalapeno peppers are becoming increasingly important due to the increase in sale of Capsicum-based food products. Unfortunately, few Jalapeno cultivars are available to growers. A Capsicum is classified as a Jalapeno based largely on pod shape, rendering a liberal definition of a Jalapeno. Curators and breeders with knowledge of pepper collections submitted accessions characterized as a Jalapeno. These accessions were grown at two locations to cull accessions not included in the Jalapeno market class. Accessions were characterized for traits important to commercial breeders at both locations. In addition, accessions were characterized using a set of RAPD markers dispersed throughout the genome in a separate mapping population. A subset, created from RAPD marker-based estimates of genetic distance, was created to represent the range of genetic diversity available among all Jalapeno accessions analyzed. These accessions will add genetic diversity to a breeding program without changing pod type expectations. The comparison between Jalapeno accessions and currently grown Jalapeno cultivars was examined based on differences in RAPD marker frequency. In addition, differences in marker frequencies were used to compare Jalapenos and other C. annuum market types also characterized with RAPD markers. The characterization of Jalapenos will assist breeders in their future efforts to diversify their Capsicum breeding base.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Amorphophallus titanum in Bengkulu, Indonesia based on RAPD markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1783-1790
Author(s):  
WAHYUDI ARIANTO ◽  
ERVIZAL A.M. ZUHUD ◽  
AGUS HIKMAT ◽  
TUTUT SUNARMINTO ◽  
ISKANDAR Z. SIREGAR
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Protected Forests ◽  
The Family ◽  
Center Of Diversity ◽  
Two Populations

Arianto W, Zuhud EAM, Hikmat A, Sunarminto T, Siregar IZ. 2018. Genetic diversity of Amorphophallus titanum in Bengkulu, Indonesia based on RAPD markers. Biodiversitas 19: 1783-1790. Titan Arum [Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. Ex Arcang], a plant species belonging to the family of Araceae is known for its gigantic floral size and elicited rotten fragrance when the flower bloom. Since it remains only found in Sumatran island, many authors categorized the plant as endemic species. The population of the species in the natural habitat has significantly declined because of the conversion of forest land mainly into plantations or other land uses. Considering the importance of conservation attempts to A. titanum, a sufficient data on genetic diversity of the species is necessary. The research was aimed to determine the genetic diversity within and among populations of A. titanum in some area of protected forests in Bengkulu Province, comprising the population of Palak Siring, Tebat Monok, and Air Selimang. RAPD genetic DNA fingerprinting approach was used to assess the genetic diversity of A. titanum using 13 preselected DNA primer: OPA 11, OPA 19, OPC 04, OPN 14, OPN 19, OPU 03, OPU 06, OPU 07, OPB 17, OPC 07, OPO 04, OPU03-1, OPNI 18E. The result revealed that the method has successfully produced several DNA fragments with varied length ranging from 250 bp to 2000 bp with 4-16 variation in polymorphic bands. Based on RAPD marker analysis, the population of Air Selimang was considered as a potential center of diversity of A. titanum because of the others two populations had a lower genetic diversity. In general, the genetic diversity among populations was lower than within population. The cluster analysis of the genetic similarity of 22 individuals of the three populations resulted in the separation into two main groups with the first group consisting of 17 individuals (Population Air Selimang and Tebat Monok) and the second group of 5 individuals (Palak Siring population).

scholarly journals Cryopreservation of Woody Crops: The Avocado Case

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 934
Author(s):  
Chris O’Brien ◽  
Jayeni Hiti-Bandaralage ◽  
Raquel Folgado ◽  
Alice Hayward ◽  
Sean Lahmeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Recalcitrant Seed ◽  
In Vitro Storage ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Seed Crops

Recent development and implementation of crop cryopreservation protocols has increased the capacity to maintain recalcitrant seeded germplasm collections via cryopreserved in vitro material. To preserve the greatest possible plant genetic resources globally for future food security and breeding programs, it is essential to integrate in situ and ex situ conservation methods into a cohesive conservation plan. In vitro storage using tissue culture and cryopreservation techniques offers promising complementary tools that can be used to promote this approach. These techniques can be employed for crops difficult or impossible to maintain in seed banks for long-term conservation. This includes woody perennial plants, recalcitrant seed crops or crops with no seeds at all and vegetatively or clonally propagated crops where seeds are not true-to-type. Many of the world’s most important crops for food, nutrition and livelihoods, are vegetatively propagated or have recalcitrant seeds. This review will look at ex situ conservation, namely field repositories and in vitro storage for some of these economically important crops, focusing on conservation strategies for avocado. To date, cultivar-specific multiplication protocols have been established for maintaining multiple avocado cultivars in tissue culture. Cryopreservation of avocado somatic embryos and somatic embryogenesis have been successful. In addition, a shoot-tip cryopreservation protocol has been developed for cryo-storage and regeneration of true-to-type clonal avocado plants.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Salvia Species Assessed by ISSR and RAPD Markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh YOUSEFIAZARKHANIAN ◽  
Ali ASGHARI ◽  
Jafar AHMADI ◽  
Behvar ASGHARI ◽  
Ali Ashraf JAFARI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
The World

The genus Salvia includes an enormous assemblage of nearly 1,000 species dispersed around the world. Due to possible threats to this genus, there is an immediate requirement to evaluate the diversity of its wild populations. ISSR and RAPD molecular techniques were used to evaluate the genetic relationships among twenty-one ecotypes of eight Salvia species. Amplification of genomic DNA using 23 primers (15 RAPD and eight ISSR) produced 280 bands, of which 91% were polymorphic. The results of marker parameters showed no clear difference between two marker systems. It was generally observed that both ISSR and RAPD markers had similar efficiency in detecting genetic polymorphisms with remarkable ability to differentiate the closely related ecotypes of Salvia. Nei’s similarity coefficients for these techniques ranged from 0.48 to 0.98. Based on the results of clustering, PCoA and AMOVA, the genetic diversity between and within species was confirmed. So, conservation and domestication of the genus Salvia must be due to levels of genetic variations.

Genetic Diversity among Calamus brandisii Becc. (Arecaceae) Populations in Kerala Part of Western Ghats

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Kavungal Priya ◽  
◽  
Indira . ◽  
Vadakkethil Balakrishnan Sreekumar ◽  
Renuka . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Western Ghats Of India ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Two Populations

Calamus brandisii Becc. is one of the endemic slender rattans found in the Western Ghats of India. The genetic diversity of two main populations available in Kerala was investigated using 20 RAPD and 9 ISSR markers. Two parameters viz., gene diversity and genetic diversity within and among populations were analyzed. ISSR analysis showed quite high genetic diversity in Pandimotta compared to Bonacaud population whereas in RAPD markers both these populations were moderately diverse. The percentage of total genetic differentiation (Gst) among two populations is relatively higher than the mean Gst value indicating high genetic diversity within the populations. The genetic distance between these two populations was 0.1739 with ISSR markers and 0.1971 with RAPD markers. Because of its high genetic diversity, Pandimotta population can be treated as an important population of gene diversity with potentially useful genes. This may be included in the high priority reservoir for genetic conservation also.

Key issues facing genebanks in preserving crop genetic diversity ex situ: overview of the range of challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
Paula Bramel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Crop Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ex Situ Collections ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Market Preference ◽  
The Impact

This chapter reviews the key issues and challenges facing genebanks in preserving crop genetic diversity ex situ. Local crop genetic diversity is challenged with changes in land use, urbanization, land degradation, changes in agricultural practises, availability of improved varieties, changes in market preference, and the impact of climate change. Efforts have been made to secure plant genetic resources ex situ for future use but there are significant issues related to cost effective, efficient, secure, rational, and sustainable long-term ex situ conservation. It begins by addressing issues for the composition of ex situ collections and moves on to discuss issues for routine operations for conservation. The chapter also highlights issues for the use of conserved genetic resources, before concluding with a summary of why the development of sustainable genebank systems is so important.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the genetic variability in bamboo using RAPD markers

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nayak ◽  
G.R. Rout ◽  
P. Das
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Species Cluster ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris ◽  
Bambusa Ventricosa ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

Classical taxonomic studies of the bamboos are based on floral morphology and growth habit, which can cause problems in identification due to erratic flowering. Identification and genetic relationships in 12 species of bamboo were investigated using random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) technique. Analysis started by using thirty 10-mer primers that allowed us to distinguish 12 species and to select a reduced set of primers. The selected primers were used for identification and for establishing a profiling system to estimate genetic diversity. A total of one hundred thirty seven distinct polymorphic DNA fragments (bands), ranging from 0.4–3.3 kb were amplified by using 10 selected primers. The genetic similar analysis was conducted based on presence or absence of bands, which revealed a wide range of variability among the species. Cluster analysis clearly showed two major clusters belonging to 12 species of bamboo. Two major clusters were further divided into three minor clusters. The species of Bambusa vulgaris and Bambusa vulgaris var. striata were the most closely related and formed the first minor cluster along with Bambusa ventricosa. The variety of Bambusa multiplex var. Silver stripe and Bambusa multiplex were very closely related and there was no variation with Bambusa ventricosa. Another minor cluster was obtained between Bambusa arundinacea, Cephalostachyum pergracil and Bambusa balcooa. The RAPD technique has the potential for use in species identification and genetic relationships between taxa and species of bamboo for breeding program.

Identification and assessment of genetic relationships in three Chlorophytum species and two high yielding genotypes of C. borivilianum through RAPD markers

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghamitra Samantaray ◽  
Tarun Patel ◽  
K. Geetha ◽  
Satyabrata Maiti
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Major Cluster ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Identification And Characterization

AbstractConservation of identified germplasm is an important component for efficient and effective management of plant genetic resources. Since Chlorophytum species are important medicinal plants, studies were carried out for identification and establish genetic relationships in three species of Chlorophytum and two high yielding genotypes of Chlorophtum borivilianum using RAPD markers. Out of one hundred primers tested, 47 decamers amplified a total of 454 distinct bands ranging from 0.25–3.0 kbp to identify and to evaluate genetic relationships between and among three species of Chlorophytum and two genotypes of Chlorophtum borivilianum. The cluster analysis indicated that three species of Chlorophytum and two genotypes (NRCCB-1 and NRCCB-2) of C. borivilianum formed two major clusters. The first major cluster constituted C. arundinaceum and C. tuberosum, and the second major cluster composed of two subclusters; the first subcluster represented NRCB-1 and NRCB-2 where as the second subcluster represented C. borivilianum. Thus, the RAPD markers have the potential for identification and characterization of genetic relatedness among the species and genotypes. C. borivilianum along with two genotypes also showed similar banding patterns which could be chosen as candidate markers for differentiating the other two species such as C. arundinaceum and C. tuberosum. This would helpful for breeding programmes and provides an important input in conservation biology.

scholarly journals Genetic, morphological and spatial characterization of two populations of Mabea fistulifera Mart. (Euphorbiaceae), in different successional stages

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maíra Figueiredo Goulart ◽  
Sérvio Pontes Ribeiro ◽  
Maria Bernadete Lovato
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Spatial Characterization ◽  
Shannon’S Index ◽  
Successional Stages ◽  
Morphologic Data ◽  
Two Populations

Two populations of Mabea fistulifera (Euphorbiaceae) located at Rio Doce State Park (Minas Gerais, Brazil) in places characterized as in different successional stages, were investigated through genetic and ecological traits. Twenty randomly chosen individuals from each population had its genetic data assessed by 43 RAPD markers and were also evaluated through five morphologic traits and its spatial distribution. Both Shannon's index and AMOVA reveled that most of the genetic variation was found between individuals within populations and about 9% of variation was located between populations. Moreover, populations differed genetically, but presented similar values of genetic diversity. Morphologic data showed differences between populations. Significant correlations among matrix of genetic, geographic and morphologic distances were obtained considering both populations, and spatially closer individuals were more similar genetically, characterizing genetic substructured populations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document