scholarly journals 523 PB 489 INCORPORATION OF USEFUL TRAITS FROM NATIVE ALMOND SPECIES INTO CULTIVATED ALMOND VARIETIES. II. GENE INTROGRESSION

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 506d-506
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Gradziel ◽  
Dale E. Kester
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Gene Introgression ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Selected Traits ◽  
Prunus Webbii

Breeding lines have been developed incorporating introgressed genes from three native almond species Prunus fenzliana, Prunus webbii and Prunus argentea. Selected traits include self-fertility and autogamy, late bloom, smaller tree size, early nut maturity, improved cropping potential, and a well-sealed shell (endocarp) with high kernel/shell crack-out percentages. Fertility barriers, while present were easily overcome though linkage to introgressed genes with undesirable phenotypes remains an important obstacle to commercial use. Current breeding results, however, support a general conclusion that the wide diversity present within the range of species related to the cultivated almond (Prunus dulcis) provides an valuable gene pool for variety improvement.

Application of DNA fingerprinting for the classification of selected almond [Prunus dulcis (Miller) D. A. Webb] cultivars

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 995 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Woolley ◽  
G. G. Collins ◽  
M. Sedgley
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method ◽  
Prunus Webbii

Almond cultivars developed in Australia are thought to have descended from 2 breeding lines, 1 from hard-shelled Spanish/Jordan types, and the other from paper-shell Californian types. However, the precise derivation of many individual Australian cultivars is uncertain. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to estimate the genetic similarities between 50 accessions of almond cultivars derived from Australia, California, Europe and the Middle East, and individual accessions of Prunus orientalis (Miller) D. A. Webb and Prunus webbii (Spach) Vieh. Amplification products were analysed using the simple matching coefficient and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages to cluster individuals into a dendrogram. Cultivars known to have originated in Europe or the Middle East clustered in a different group from those known to have originated in California confirming the 2 suspected breeding lines. The origin of some common Australian commercial cultivars was inferred by their placement on the dendrogram, and the possible parentage of some Australian selections is discussed.

scholarly journals 034 INCORPORATION OF USEFUL TRAITS FROM NATIVE ALMOND SPECIES INTO CULTIVATED ALMOND VARIETIES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 432e-432
Author(s):  
Dale E. Kester ◽  
Thomas M. Gradziel
Keyword(s):  
Yield Potential ◽  
Gene Introgression ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hard Shell ◽  
Commercial Breeding ◽  
Third Line ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Prunus Webbii

Approximately twenty native almond species have been described. Representative germplasm from seven of these are present in UC collections and have been used in crossing. Three specific breeding lines utilizing these species are described. One (1980 series) involved increasing yield potential through selection of high blossom density following gene introgression from Prunus fenzliana. A second involved incorporation of self-fertility, late bloom, smaller tree size, early maturity, high blossom density, and desirable nut characters from Prunus webbii into commercial breeding lines. A self-fertile selection resembling `Nonpareil' has been obtained from this material. The third line involves transmission of a unique thin, netted-surfaced, hard-shell phenotype from Prunus argentea.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization and Relatedness among California Almond Cultivars and Breeding Lines Detected by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Analysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bartolozzi ◽  
M.L. Warburton ◽  
S. Arulsekar ◽  
T.M. Gradziel
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Bud Sport ◽  
Wild Almond ◽  
Variable Group

Almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb, syn. P. amygdalus, Batsch; P. communis (I.) Archangeli] represents a morphologically and physiologically variable group of populations that evolved primarily in central and southwest Asia. California cultivars have been developed from highly selected subgroups of these populations, while new breeding lines have incorporated germplasm from wild almond and closely related peach species. The genetic relatedness among 17 almond genotypes and 1 peach genotype was estimated using 37 RAPD markers. Genetic diversity within almond was found to be limited despite its need for obligate outcrossing. Three groupings of cultivar origins could be distinguished by RAPD analysis: bud-sport mutations, progeny from interbreeding of early California genotypes, and progeny from crosses to genotypes outside the California germplasm. A similarity index based on the proportion of shared fragments showed relatively high levels of 0.75 or greater within the almond germplasm. The level of similarity between almond and the peach was 0.424 supporting the value of peach germplasm to future almond genetic improvement.

scholarly journals Fungicides Added to Potting Substrate Affect Mycorrhizal Symbiosis between a Peach-Almond Rootstock and Glomus sp.

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1217-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Fontanet ◽  
V. Estaún ◽  
A. Camprubí ◽  
C. Calvet
Keyword(s):  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Am Fungus ◽  
Glomus Sp

Prior to the commercial use of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) in the nursery, the effects of commonly used pesticides on symbiosis must be evaluated. Metalaxyl and propamocarb are two fungicides added to potting substrates to prevent diseases caused by phycomycetes. Both fungicides were incorporated into the potting substrate before the inoculation and planting of the peach-almond hybrid rootstock GF677 (Prunus persica L. × Prunus dulcis Mill. D.A. Webb). The AM fungus used were Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe and Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith. Glomus intraradices was not affected by either fungicide; however, metalaxyl adversely affected root colonization by G. mosseae and decreased rhizosphere activity as measured by esterase activity. Chemical names used: N-(2-methoxyacetyl)-N-(2,6-xylyl)-DL-alaninate) (metalaxyl); propyl 3(dimethylamino)propylcarbamate (propamocarb).

scholarly journals The Almond in Morocco

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mahhou ◽  
Frank G. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Total Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Morocco ranks fifth among the nations of the world in almond (Prunus dulcis L.) production, and contains many zones where climatic conditions are ideal for this species. Seedling trees are responsible for more than half the total production, although grafted trees are usually much more productive per hectare. A large seedling population represents an important gene pool, both for a breeding program and for selection of superior genotypes adapted to Moroccan conditions.

scholarly journals Aflatoxin Production among Almond Genotypes Is Not Related to Either Kernel Oil Composition or Aspergillus flavus Growth Rate

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 937-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Gradziel ◽  
Noreen Mahoney ◽  
Ashraf Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Total Oil

Genetic differences were observed in levels of aflatoxin production following controlled inoculations of California almonds [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb, syn. P. amygdalus, Batsch.; P. communis (L.) Arcangeli, non Huds.]. Genetic variation was also observed in kernel oil composition, and in susceptibility to Aspergillus flavus Speare as indicated by rate of mold expansion on the surface of cut kernels. Several almond lines resulting from the introgression of peach [P. persica (L.) Batsch] germplasm had very low aflatoxin levels relative to commercial cultivars tested. Peach-derived almond breeding lines and cultivars also produced some of the highest oil quality as determined by the proportion of oleic acid, and by the oleic to linoleic acid balance. The proportion of linoleic acid to total oil ranged from 16% to almost 30%. No correlations were detected between aflatoxin production in inoculated almond kernels and either kernel oil composition or mold growth rate on injured kernel tissue.

Pyramiding white mould resistance between and within common bean gene pools

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 947-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shree P. Singh ◽  
Howard F. Schwartz ◽  
Henry Terán ◽  
Diego Viteri ◽  
Kristen Otto
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Colorado State University ◽  
White Mould ◽  
Pinto Bean ◽  
Fort Collins

Singh, S. P., Schwartz, H. F., Terán, H., Viteri, D. and Otto, K. 2014. Pyramiding white mould resistance between and within common bean gene pools. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 947–954. White mould caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a severe disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in North America and similar production regions. Low to high levels of white mould resistance exist in cultivated and wild common bean and the secondary gene pool. But, cultivars with high levels of resistance are not yet available. The objectives of this study were: (1) to combine or pyramid high levels of resistance from multiple-parent populations between and within gene pools, and (2) to compare the response of pyramided breeding lines (PBL) to four isolates of the white mould pathogen with that of known sources of resistance. Two Andean PBL each derived from an Andean intra-gene pool and inter-gene pool, four Middle American pinto bean PBL from one inter-gene pool multiple-parent population, their seven resistant parents, and susceptible pinto, Othello, were inoculated in the greenhouse with pathogen isolates ARS12D and ND710 at University of Idaho, Kimberly in 2012, and isolates CO467 and NY133 at Colorado State University, Fort Collins in 2013. The percentage of resistant plants for the PBL ranged from 62.5 to 81.9, and mean white mould score from 4.0 to 4.6. The respective values for the white mould resistant parents ranged from 3.1 to 57.0 for the percentage of resistant plants and from 4.8 to 7.5 for the mean white mould score. Furthermore, PBL SE154-1 inoculated with isolate ARS12D, and SE152-6 with isolates ARS12D and ND710 had 100% resistant plants. But, only SE153-1 and SE155-9 inoculated with isolates CO467 and NY133 had significantly (P ≤0.05) higher levels of resistance than the most resistant parents A 195 and VA 19. The pinto bean PBL SE153-1, SE153-6, and SE153-7, and Andean types SE152-6 and SE155-9 were the most resistant among all genotypes inoculated with the four isolates of the white mould pathogen in both greenhouses.

scholarly journals In vivo Micrografts in Almond and Their Application in Breeding Programs

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Martínez-Gómez ◽  
T.M. Gradziel
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Improvement Programs

The techniques of micrografting provide useful tools for the early propagation of breeding lines in variety improvement programs. In this study, the success of various in vivo micrografts of buds of `Nonpareil' almond (Prunus dulcis) seedlings have been examined. Variables tested include type of microscion, the rootstock genotype, and the growth stage of the rootstock. Microscions tested included small [3 mm (0.12 inches)] microwedges from either unsprouted or recently sprouted buds. Approach micrografts were also evaluated. Three-month-old woody rootstocks tested included `Nemaguard' and `Nemared' peach (P. persica) rootstocks, and the `Hansen' (peach × almond) hybrid rootstocks. `Nemared' rootstocks were also grafted after 1 month of growth when the tissue was still herbaceous. Micrografts onto woody rootstocks and using recently sprouted buds showed the best results. With very young or weak seedlings, where the recovery of microscions was difficult, the use of approach micrografts onto herbaceous rootstock proved a useful technique.

Development of low-Gly m Bd 30K(P34) allergen breeding lines using molecular marker in soybean

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kwang Ho ◽  
C Man Soo ◽  
L Suk Ki ◽  
S Min Jung ◽  
K Yul Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Breeding Lines
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