scholarly journals Exothermic Characteristics of Dormant Buds of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) in Relation to Cold Hardiness

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 840-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Kang ◽  
H. Motosugi ◽  
K. Yonemori ◽  
A. Sugiura
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Japanese Persimmon ◽  
Branch Segment ◽  
Stem Segments

Microcomputer-based thermal analysis (TA) was conducted on dormant mixed buds of Japanese persimmon (`Hiratanenashi'). The exotherms of buds were detected by thermoelectric modules. Flower buds of peach (Prunus persica Batsch cv. Shimizuhakuto) were also analyzed. When TA was used on a whole excised bud, including bud scales, the persimmon buds had only one exotherm at –14.3 °C, while the peach buds had high and low exotherms at –8.4 °C and –14.1 °C, respectively. However, when the exotherm was measured for the primordium, with the bud scales and transitional leaves removed, each primordium showed only one exotherm at –20.7 °C in persimmon and –11 °C in peach. Determination of killing temperature by visual observation, electrolyte leakage method, and triphenyltetrazolium chloride test revealed that the primordium of the persimmon bud was killed at about –14 °C as the excised whole bud or as the whole bud attached to the branch segment. Using the same method, the naked primordium was killed between –22 °C and –25 °C as the primordium was cooled. The peach primordium was killed at –14 °C when examined as a whole bud and at –11 °C as a naked primordium. Furthermore, the exotherm temperatures of persimmon buds and stem segments were measured at appropriate intervals during the two winter seasons 1993–95. Exotherm temperatures of persimmon buds were always higher than the low-temperature exotherm (LTE) temperatures of the stem segments and lower than the high-temperature exotherm (HTE) temperatures of the stem segments. LT50 of persimmon buds almost coincided with the exotherm temperatures of buds. A postulated role of bud scales in supercooling is discussed.

scholarly journals Melting of ‘Big Top’ Nectarine Fruit: Some Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Aspects

2011 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Ghiani ◽  
Noemi Negrini ◽  
Silvia Morgutti ◽  
Federica Baldin ◽  
Fabio F. Nocito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Ethylene Treatment ◽  
Keeping Quality ◽  
Indel Polymorphisms ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Stony Hard

‘Big Top’ nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] has appreciable keeping quality because it resembles, at ripening, the stony hard (SH) peach (P. persica) in firmness and crispness but melts at a slow speed at full ripening. We have characterized the postharvest behavior of ‘Big Top’ fruit, treated or not with ethylene for 5 days after harvest (DAH), and compared it with that of a SH peach (‘Ghiaccio’). Pp-ACS1 expression, ethylene evolution, endo-polygalacturonase (endo-PG) production, and softening were evaluated and compared with those of the physiologically ripe melting flesh (M) cultivar Bolero. Like ‘Bolero’, ‘Big Top’ fruit expressed Pp-ACS1 and evolved ethylene but with a 5-day delay. Pp-endo-PG expression, production of an active endo-PG, and fruit melting showed a parallel behavior; ethylene treatment enhanced all these features. In SH ‘Ghiaccio’ Pp-ACS1 expression, ethylene evolution, endo-PG production, and softening were absent during the first 5 DAH in air. ‘Ghiaccio’ neither expressed Pp-ACS1 nor evolved ethylene even after ethylene treatment but responded by accumulating Pp-endo-PG transcripts and an active endo-PG protein, with flesh melting. A ‘Big Top’ Pp-endo-PG clone showed several single nucleotide (SNP) and insertion-deletion (InDel) polymorphisms in comparison with the M Pp-endo-PG clone of ‘Bolero’ and substantial similarity with the Pp-endo-PG clone of ‘Ghiaccio’. In ‘Big Top’, we identified a peculiar SNP (bp 348) and InDels shared with ‘Ghiaccio’, possibly suitable for discriminating among different genotypes. Overall, the data confirm the pivotal role of ethylene in the regulation of endo-PG production and in the determination of peach flesh texture and support the evidence that ‘Big Top’ could be classified as a melting (slow-melting) phenotype.

scholarly journals Midwinter Cold Hardiness of Leitneria floridana from Three Provenances

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Jyotsna Sharma ◽  
William R. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
South Central ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Stem Segments

Abstract Leitneria floridana Chapman (Florida corkwood) is native to the southeastern and south-central United States. This rare shrub has been cultivated north of its natural habitats. However, the cold hardiness of the species, and potential differences in hardiness among geographical provenances, have not been established. Our objective was to determine midwinter cold hardiness of stem segments from indigenous plants in Texas and Missouri, and from plants that had been cultivated for many years in northern Illinois, but were originally native to Missouri and Arkansas. After exposure to controlled low temperatures, the cortex and phloem were stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) and compared with discoloration of the same tissues to determine midwinter cold hardiness. The two assays correlated positively, and marked provenance differences in cold hardiness were found. The estimated temperature at which 50% of stems were injured (T50) was ≈ −20C (−4F) in December and−10C (14F) in January for samples from Texas. The estimated T50 for stems from Missouri and Illinois was at or below the lowest temperature tested [−35C (−31F) in December and-60C (−76F) in January]. Stems from cultivated plants in Illinois and from plants indigenous to Missouri were similarly hardy within the range of temperatures used. Autumnal acclimation and vernal deacclimation of L. floridana remain uncharacterized, but midwinter cold hardiness of L. floridana seems sufficient to permit its use north of its natural habitat. Substantial provenance differences in cold hardiness should be considered when selecting plants for landscaping outside the native range of L. floridana.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF THIMEROSAL EFFECTIVENESS IN THE FORMULATION OF EYE DROPS CONTAINING NEOMYCIN SULFATE AND CHLORAMPHENICOL

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Marline Abdassah ◽  
Sri Agung Fitri Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Visual Observation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Minimal Concentration ◽  
Neomycin Sulfate ◽  
Clear Solution ◽  
Better Than

Objective: This study was aimed to compare the preservative efficacy of thimerosal in eye drops formulation containing neomycin sulfate and chloramphenicol as the active agents.Methods: Determination of thimerosal concentration in combinations with chloramphenicol and neomycin sulfate was carried out using the agar diffusion method. Then the thimerosal ineffective and minimal concentration was formulated into eye drops, each with 0.5% neomycin sulfate and 0.5% chloramphenicol as the active ingredient. Evaluation of eye drops was carried out for 28 d, which included: visual observation, pH measurement, sterility, and effectiveness test.Results: Thimerosal at a minimum concentration of 0.001% remain to provide antibacterial activity against common eyes contaminants. Both eyes drops containing neomycin sulfate, and chloramphenicol resulted in clear solution, sterile, and stable in the pH and antibacterial potency,showed the efficacy of thimerosal’s role in eye drops at the lowest concentration. But, the thimerosal stability as a preservative agent was affected by the pH values of the eye drops solution. Therefore, the effectivity of thimerosal in chloramphenicol (pH 7.19-7.22) was better than neomycin sulfate (6.45-6.60). Compared with F0 (without thimerosal), the increasing of inhibitory diameter in F1 and F2 from both eyes drops formula exhibited the significant role of thimerosal as the preservative agent. The synergistic effect of the preservative agent in the formula produced a better product stability than the eye drop without thimerosal. Conclusion: Thimerosal at a minimum concentration of 0.001% exhibited effective concentration as a preservative in eye drops containing 0.5% neomycin sulfate and 0.5% chloramphenicol.

A Molecular Approach to Immunoscintigraphy: A Study of the T-Antigen Conformation on the Surface of Tumors

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selvaraj ◽  
M. R. Suresh ◽  
G. McLean ◽  
D. Willans ◽  
C. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Human Carcinomas ◽  
Animal Tumor ◽  
Synthetic Antigens

The role of glycoconjugates in tumor cell differentiation has been well documented. We have examined the expression of the two anomers of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen on the surface of human, canine and murine tumor cell membranes both in vitro and in vivo. This has been accomplished through the synthesis of the disaccharide terminal residues in both a and ß configuration. Both entities were used to generate murine monoclonal antibodies which recognized the carbohydrate determinants. The determination of fine specificities of these antibodies was effected by means of cellular uptake, immunohistopathology and immunoscintigraphy. Examination of pathological specimens of human and canine tumor tissue indicated that the expressed antigen was in the β configuration. More than 89% of all human carcinomas tested expressed the antigen in the above anomeric form. The combination of synthetic antigens and monoclonal antibodies raised specifically against them provide us with invaluable tools for the study of tumor marker expression in humans and their respective animal tumor models.

On The Mechanism Of Heparin-Induced Potentiation Of Platelet Aggregation

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Yamamoto ◽  
K Watanabe ◽  
Y Ando ◽  
H Iri ◽  
N Fujiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Marked Enhancement ◽  
Matrix Bound ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets ◽  
Plasma Heparin

It has been suggested that heparin caused potentiation of aggregation induced by ADP or epinephrine. The exact mechanism of heparin-induced platelet activation, however, remained unknown. In this paper, we have investigated the role of anti-thrombin III ( AT ) in heparin-induced platelet activation using purified AT and AT depleted plasma. When ADP or epinephrine was added to citrated PRP one minute after addition of heparin ( 1 u/ml, porcine intestinal mucosal heparin, Sigma Co. USA ), marked enhancement of platelet aggregation was observed, compared with the degree of aggregation in the absence of heparin. However, in platelet suspensions prepared in modified Tyrode’s solution, heparin exhibited no potentiating effect on platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine or ADP. Potentiation of epinephrine- or ADP-induced platelet aggregation by heparin was demonstrated when purified AT was added to platelet suspensions at a concentration of 20 μg/ml. AT depleted plasma, which was prepared by immunosorption using matrix-bound antibodies to AT, retained no AT, while determination of α1-antitrypsinα2- macroglobulin and fibrinogen in AT depleted plasma produced values which corresponded to those of the original plasma when dilution factor was taken into account. The activities of coagulation factors were also comparable to those of the original plasma. Heparin exhibited potentiating effect on ADP- or epinephrine-induced aggregation of platelets in original plasma, but no effect in AT depleted plasma. When purified AT was added back to AT depleted plasma at a concentration of 20 μg/ml, potentiation of platelet aggregation by heparin was clearly demonstrated.Our results suggest that effect of heparin on platelet aggregation is also mediated by anti-thrombin III.

ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЯ КАТЕГОРІЇ РОЗВИТКУ В СУЧАСНІЙ ПСИХОЛОГІЇ

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Анжеліка Шамне
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Development Site ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Self Motion

У статті розглянуто сучасні підходи до інтерпретації категорії розвитку, розкрито теоретичні  та методологічні підходи до вивчення категорії розвитку у сучасній психології, визначено її психологічний  зміст,   моделі,   структуру   та   динаміку.   Категорія   розвитку   розглядається   як   епіцентр   наукової  проблематики у психології та як поняття інтегративного типу. Розвиток проаналізовано як категорію,  явище і проблему психології розвитку в різних аспектах аналізу. Розглянуто місце розвитку в системі  споріднених психологічних понять. У статті також аналізуються психологічні аспекти теоретичних та  методологічних  постнекласичних  тенденцій  вивчення  природи,  характеру  та  визначення  психічного  розвитку. Постнекласична парадигма та плюралістична методологія пізнання визначають розмитість  дисциплінарної мови  та  врахування  ролі  соціокультурного  контексту  при  вивченні  психологічних явищ.  Важливими тенденціями сучасного теоретико-методологічного стану психологічних досліджень розвитку  також є визнання неефективності моністичного підходу до його вивчення, взаємозв'язок теоретичних ідей  та   спроби   створення   метатеоретичних   схем,   постнекласичне   розуміння   розвитку   як   принципово  незавершеного   процесу   саморуху,   актуалізація   антропологічного   діапазону   проблем   та   посилення  спрямованості на роль культурного контексту в дослідженні розвитку людини.  The article deals with the modern approaches to the interpretation of the category of development, reveals  the theoretical and methodological approaches to study of development in modern psychology, its psychological  content, patterns, structure and dynamics. Category of development is viewed as an epicenter of scientific issues in  modern  psychology  and  the  concept  of  the  integrative  type.  Category  of  development  is  considered  as  the  phenomenon  and  the  problem  of  developmental  psychology  in  various  aspects  of  the  analysis.  Analyzed  the  development site in the related psychological concepts. The article analyzes the psychological aspects of theoretical  and methodological postnonclassical contemporary trends in the study of nature, character, and determination of  mental  development.  Postnonclassical  paradigm  and  pluralistic  methodology  of  knowledge  determine  the  disciplinary blurring and increase of the role of the analysis of socio-cultural context in the study of psychological  phenomenon. The important tendencies of modern theoretical and methodological state of psychological researches  of development are facts of inefficiency of the monistic approach to its study, interconnection of theoretical ideas  and   attempts   of  creating   metatheoretical   schemes,   postnonclassical   understanding   of   development   as   a  fundamentally  uncompleted  process  of  self-motion,  actualization  of  anthropological  range  of  problems  and  strengthening of focus on the role of cultural context in research of human development.   

Role of the family focused technologies in the clinical course of pregnancy at women of high obstetric risk

2016 ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
S.Yu. Vdovichenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Group ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Premature Births ◽  
Individual Support ◽  
The Family ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Individual Preparation

The objective: to show a role of the family focused technologies in depression of frequency of pathology of pregnancy at women of high obstetric risk. Patients and methods. For determination of efficiency of prophylaxis of pathology of pregnancy on the basis of use of the family focused technologies complex clinical-psychological and laboratory and tool examination of 300 women with factors of obstetric risk which were divided into two groups was conducted. In the main group – 182 women with motivation on partner labors to which provided training on system of individual preparation of married couple to labors. The comparison group consisted of 118 women who were not in prenatal training and had individual support in childbirth, with the traditional approach to pain management. Results. Use of the family focused technologies during pregnancy allows to reduce significantly the frequency of the main complications of pregnancy, especially not incubation and premature births. Conclusion. In our opinion, the technique is simple, available and can widely be used in practical health care at women with high obstetric risk. Key words: obstetric risk, the family focused technologies, prophylaxis.

PERANAN INSPEKTORAT KABUPATENSUMENEP DALAM MENCEGAH DAN MENDETEKSI FRAUD DI DINAS PENDIDIKAN SUMENEP

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astri Furqani ◽  
Hafidhah .
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Government

In this era, a lot of activities that can not be separated from the practice of cheating or fraud , no exception In the government . Inspektorat Sumenep is the leading institution of internal Local Government in preventing and detecting fraud in the Local Government appropiate Perbup Sumenep No. 29 of 2008 . Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep need attention on the issue . This is due to Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep an agency with the largest number of assets and managing large budgets . These conditions led to the formulation of the problem is How Inspektorat Sumenep role in preventing and detecting fraud in Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep. This study used a qualitative approach in which the focus of this study is Inspektorat role in preventing and detecting fraud at Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep . Primary data obtained by direct interviews with the parties directly related to the determination of the source of research data in a qualitative study using nonprobability sampling . The sampling technique used was purposive sampling . The conclusion of this study, role of the Inspektorat Sumenep in the prevention of fraud in Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep still not maximal . This is due to Inspektorat Sumenep not supervise from the planning / budgeting and not optimal in overseeing and assisting the implementation of the SPIP as an instrument of fraud prevention in Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep . The role of Inspektorat Sumenep in the detection of fraud in Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep done by conducting an audit of financial and asset management in each financial year.Keywords: fraud, government, inspektorat.

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