Brushing and Temperature Control Transplant Growth of Float-irrigated Bell and Jalapeno Pepper

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 551a-551
Author(s):  
Bethany Galloway ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽  
David W. Monks
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
The North ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
The Difference

Experiments were conducted at the North Carolina State Univ. Phytotron facility in late Summer and Fall 1996. Bell and jalapeno pepper were grown in polystyrene flats using continuous float irrigation. Using DIF (the difference between day and night temperatures), three temperature treatments consisting of positive (+DIF), zero (0DIF), and negative (–DIF) DIF were assigned to three growth chambers. DIF treatments were imposed in each chamber for only the first 2 hr after lights were turned on. Half of the plants in each chamber were brushed twice a day. Height was affected by cultivar, brush treatment, DIF treatment, and all combinations of the three treatments at all sampling dates. Jalapeno pepper experienced greater height reductions due to DIF or brushing treatment than bell pepper. Shoot fresh weight was reduced by brushing at all sampling dates, but DIF was less effective. Length of first internode was influenced by brush and DIF treatments, while leaf area was only affected by brush treatment which caused reductions of 13% and 25 % in bell and jalapeno pepper, respectively, at 6 weeks after planting. Brushing increased pepper stem diameter. DIF had little effect on stem diameter but in combination with brushing effectively increased stem diameter over both cultivars.

352. Variations in the carotene and vitamin A contents of certain New Zealand butterfats

1947 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Barnicoat
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
The North ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Very High

1. Chemical estimations of carotene and vitamin A in New Zealand butters from two of the principal butter-making districts of the North Island during the seasons 1935–6 show that the total vitamin A potency was fairly high.2. There were seasonal variations apparently due to nutritional rather than physiological causes. The minimum values (33–37 i.u./g. butterfat) for total vitamin A were found in late summer (February) at the time when the pasture normally tends to dry up, while the peak values (42–53 i.u./g. butterfat) occurred in late winter and spring (July-October). The variations in vitamin A potency with season were in the opposite direction to the variations recorded in the literature for Europe and America. The difference is no doubt due to the practice of stall-feeding in these countries in contrast with the all-the-year-round grazing commonly practised on dairy farms in New Zealand. The spring flush of grass is also later in the season in Europe than in New Zealand.3. The more deeply-coloured Jersey butterfat was only slightly richer in total vitamin A potency than Friesian butterfat.4. Contents of carotene and vitamin A in the fat of colostrum were very high, but reached normal values within 4 or 5 days after parturition.

Between Washington and Du Bois

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginald K. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
College Presidents ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Black College ◽  
Academic Leaders ◽  
Cultural Biography ◽  
The North ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Training Institute

The purpose of this manuscript is threefold. First, it will serve as a cultural biography of Dr. James Edward Shepard and the National Religious Training Institute and Chautauqua for the Negro Race and later the North Carolina College for Negroes (which became North Carolina Central University). Second, it will argue that black college presidents of the early twentieth century such as Shepard were more than academic leaders; they were race leaders. Shepard’s role at the NRTIC/NCC was to develop a race through this institution. Lastly, this study argues that Shepard, like most black college presidents, did not focus primarily on the difference between liberal arts and vocational education. Rather, he considered the most practical ways to uplift his race. Therefore, this study will be more than a biography of an influential African American, but an analytical study of a black leader during the age of Jim Crow in the South.

scholarly journals Influence of Day and Night Temperatures on Sweet Pepper Seedling Development

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Si ◽  
Royal D. Heins
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
The Difference

Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum `Resistant Giant no. 4') seedlings were grown for 6 weeks in 128-cell plug trays under 16 day/night temperature (DT/NT) regimes from 14 to 26 °C. Seedling stem length, internode length, stem diameter, leaf area, internode and leaf count, plant volume, shoot dry weight (DW), seedling index, and leaf unfolding rate (LUR) were primarily functions of average daily temperature (ADT); i.e., DT and NT had similar effects on each growth or development parameter. Compared to ADT, the difference (DIF, where DIF = DT - NT) between DT and NT had a smaller but still statistically significant effect on stem and internode length, leaf area, plant volume, stem diameter, and seedling index. DIF had no effect on internode and leaf count, shoot DW, and LUR. The root: shoot ratio and leaf reflectance were affected by DT and DIF. Positive DIF (DT higher than NT) caused darker-green leaf color than negative DIF. The node at which the first flower initiated was related to NT. The number of nodes to the first flower on pepper plugs grown at 26 C NT was 1.2 fewer than those of plants grown at 14 °C NT.

Laser point-quadrat sampling for estimating foliage-height profiles in broad-leaved forests

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J Radtke ◽  
Paul V Bolstad
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Quadrat Sampling ◽  
Range Finding ◽  
The North ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Western North Carolina ◽  
Point Quadrat

A technique for estimating the vertical distribution of foliage area in broad-leaved forests was developed. The technique is similar to optical point-quadrat sampling, where estimates are based on heights to the lowest leaves above numerous sample locations beneath a canopy. In optical point-quadrat sampling, heights to lowest leaves are measured with a telephoto lens. Here, heights were measured using a commercially available laser range-finding instrument. The laser point-quadrat technique was tested in field studies conducted under broad-leaved forest canopies in western North Carolina and east-central Minnesota, U.S.A. Foliage-height profiles obtained by laser point-quadrat sampling were consistent with two of four published foliage-height profiles observed in 1995 at the North Carolina field locations. Total leaf area estimates obtained by laser point quadrats were not significantly correlated with values of leaf area index estimated by recent litter fall analyses at the North Carolina and Minnesota field locations. Although further evaluation and refinement of the technique is needed, laser point-quadrat sampling shows promise as a means of obtaining foliage-height profiles at a significantly reduced effort and with greater accuracy than methods commonly in use today.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Green Tonic dan Pupuk NPK Mutiara Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Kakao Forestero (Theobroma cacao L)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Ivan Wahyudi ◽  
Mahdalena Mahdalena ◽  
Hamidah Hamidah
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

The Effect of Green Tonic Fertilizer and Pearl NPK Fertilizer on the Growth of Forestero Cocoa Plant Seeds (Theobroma cacao L) The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Green Tonic, NPK Mutiara and the extraction of Green Tonic and NPK Mutiara on cocoa seedling growth. This research was carried out at Gunung Panjang Samarinda Seberang East Borneo. with a time of ± 3 months, starting from April to July 2016. The design of the study used factorial randomized block design (RCBD) 4 x 4 with a number of replications 3 times, with factorial analysis. The treatment consists of 2 factors. The first factor is the administration of POC Green Tonic consisting of 4 levels, namely: p0: Without treatment, p1: 2 ml / 1 Liter of Green Tonic Concentration, p2: 3 ml / 1 Liter of Water Tonic Concentration, p3: 4 ml Green Tonic Concentration / 1 Liter of Water, The second factor was the administration of NPK Mutiara consisting of 4 levels, namely: v0: Without treatment, v1: Giving NPK Mutiara Fertilizer 50 grams / polybag, v2: Giving NPK Mutiara Fertilizer 100 grams / polybag, v3: Giving NPK Fertilizer Pearl 150 grams / polybag. From the analysis of variance showed that the effect of giving green tonic liquid organic fertilizer (P) was the best on the parameters of stem diameter of 30 DAP and 60 DAP of cocoa plants achieved by the treatment of p3 (4 ml / 1 Liter of Water Green Tonic Concentration), NPK Mutiara fertilizer (V) the best in the parameters of plant height 30 DAP, 60 DAP and 90 DAP, stem diameter 30 DAP and 90 DAP, number of leaf 60 DAP, leaf area 30 DAP cocoa plants achieved by v3 (Giving NPK Pearl Fertilizer 150 gram / polybag) while for stem diameter 60 DAP, number of leaves 30 DAP achieved by v1 (Giving NPK Mutiara Fertilizer 50 g / polybag), for the number of leaves 90 DAP, the area of Leaves 60 DAP and 90 DAP achieved by v2 (Giving NPK Pearl Fertilizer 100 g / polybag), The best interaction of POC green tonic and NPK pearl (PV) fertilizer on stem diameter parameters 30 DAP and 60 DAP, number of leaves of 90 DAP, leaf area of 60 DAP and 90 DAP was achieved by p3v2 (4 ml / 1 Liter Water + Green Tonic Concentration Pearl NPK fertilizer 100 grams / polybag. The difference for 30 HST leaf area is achieved by p1v3 (2 Ton / 1 Liter Water + Green Tonic Concentration + 150 gram Pearl NPK Fertilizer / polybag). 

Evaluation of a state law on opioid-prescribing behaviour and the void affecting codeine-containing antitussive syrup

2020 ◽  
pp. emermed-2019-209008
Author(s):  
Warren M. Perry ◽  
Chris B. Agala ◽  
Erika M. Agala
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Opioid Misuse ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Opioid Medication ◽  
The North ◽  
Prescribing Behaviour ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
The Difference

BackgroundGovernment opioid policies—such as the North Carolina Strengthen Opioid Misuse Prevention (STOP) Act—have aided in lowering the days’ supply of opioid prescriptions. However, what effect do these laws have on codeine-containing antitussive syrup? We aimed to assess the effect of the North Carolina STOP Act on ED opioid prescriptions written for >5 days for acute pain/non-pain diagnoses and whether it had an effect on the prescribing of codeine-containing antitussive syrup.MethodsA retrospective study of two emergency departments, with an average annual census of 70 000 and 22 000 patients, from January to August of 2017 and 2018. We applied logistic regression techniques to calculate the odds of an opioid prescription for >5 days. Opioid medication categories were formed to determine relational proportions. Two-tailed z-tests were used to test the difference in proportions.ResultsOur study included 5366 verifiable opioid prescriptions. The percentage of an opioid prescription for >5 days decreased by 3.3% (95% CI −1.8% to −4.7%, p<0.05) after the North Carolina STOP Act (9.8% to 6.5%; 95% CI 5.5% to 7.5%, p<0.05). There was no statistically significant change in the prescribing of codeine syrup for >5 days pre-STOP and post- STOP Act, respectively (91.5% and 90.4%; difference=−1.1%, p=0.83).ConclusionThe North Carolina STOP Act was associated with a reduction in the overall percentage of opioid prescriptions for >5 days for acute pain/non-pain diagnoses. However, there was no statistically significant effect on the prescribing of codeine-containing antitussive syrup.

Optimizing planting density for cut Helianthus annuus and Zinnia elegans

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Muhammad Modassar Sharif ◽  
Irslan Ali ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Zinnia Elegans ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Flower Quality

A study was conducted to optimize plant spacing for cut Helianthus annuus cv. Pro Cut Orange and Zinnia elegans cv. Double Super Yoga. Seedlings were raised in 128-celled plastic plug trays containing coco coir, compost and silt (1:1:1; v/v/v) as substrate. At 2-4 true leaf stage, seedlings were transplanted outdoors in thoroughly tilled and leveled flat beds at plant and row spacing of 15.0 × 15.0, 15.0 × 22.5, 22.5 × 22.5, 22.5 × 30.0, or 30.0 × 30.0 cm with plant populations of 40, 26, 17, 13 or 10 plants per m2, respectively. Experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications individually for each species. Findings revealed that for Helianthus annuus, plants grown at 15.0 × 15.0 cm spacing produced tallest plants with greatest plant canopy diameter. While leaf area, stem diameter and vase life were highest for plants spaced at 30.0 × 30.0 cm. Plant spacing had no effect on number of leaves per plant, fresh weight of stem, flower quality and internodal distance. Similar results were recorded when this experiment was repeated on Helianthus annuus during next year for confirmation of results. In case of Zinnia elegans, plants spaced at 30.0 × 30.0 cm exhibited highest plant canopy diameter, number of leaves per plant and number of flowers per plant, while plants spaced at 15.0 × 15.0 cm had highest plant height and leaf area. Flower diameter, stem diameter, flower quality, internodal distance, fresh weight of a stem and vase life were similar irrespective of plant spacing. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that quality cut Helianthus annuus production was greatly improved when plants were spaced at 15.0 × 15.0 cm, while 30.0 × 30.0 cm spacing was optimal for cut Zinnia elegans production and may be used for commercial cultivation of Helianthus and Zinnia in Punjab.

scholarly journals (391) Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa L.) Propagation and Growth in Perlite Hydroponic Systems

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033A-1033
Author(s):  
Hyung Jun Kim ◽  
Chris Harlow ◽  
Mary Peet
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Black Cohosh ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
State University ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
North Carolina State University ◽  
The North ◽  
Actaea Racemosa

Rhizomes of black cohosh (Actaea racemosa L.) grown in the deep woodland shade of eastern North America have been used historically as medicinals, but wild populations have declined because of collection pressure. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential for black cohosh production in perlite. Currently, cultivated plants represent just 3% of the total harvest. Perlite production should also result in clean, uniform plant material. Rhizomes were grown at 18 °C in controlled environment chambers in the North Carolina State University (NCSU) Phytotron in perlite for 42 days with fertigation 3, 6, or 12 times daily and 18.5, 21.5, or 24.5 °C root zone temperatures adjusted using heating cables. Leaf areas of the 21.5 and 24.5 °C root temperature treatments were greater than the 18.5 °C treatment. Stem number and new root number was highest in the 21.5 °C treatment. No effects of the fertigation treatments were significant. The second experiment was conducted 7 June–31 Oct. 2004 in a naturally lit temperature-controlled (22/18 °C) glass greenhouse in the NCSU Phytotron at nutrient solution EC levels of 0.7, 1.1, or 1.5 dS·m-1 and shading levels of 0%, 50%, and 75%. Highest leaf area and increase in fresh weight of the rhizomes over the experimental period was in the 50% shading treatment, but no significant effects of EC treatments were observed. Rhizome fresh weight increased 310% in the 50% shade, compared to 193% and 196% in the 0% and 75% shading treatments, respectively. In conclusion, black cohosh appears to prefer some shading during summer and 21.5 °C root temperatures. Low EC (0.7 dS·m-1) and infrequent watering (3 times daily) did not appear to limit growth in this system, but these results should be confirmed in larger studies in commercial greenhouses.

scholarly journals Effect of mycorrhizal provision and watering frequency on productivity and fresh material of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
Y S N Mbeong ◽  
N Umami ◽  
C Hanim ◽  
A Astuti ◽  
Muhlisin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Sorghum Plant ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Height Increase

Abstract Sorghum is a cereal crop that has the potential to be developed as animal feed. Sorghum plant experiencing drought stress will decrease their productivity. Efforts to overcome this problem are by adding mycorrhizae. Mycorrhizae increase the ability of plants to adapt to the environment in the form of absorption of water and nutrients. This study aimed to determine the productivity of sorghum (plant height increase, plant length increase, number of leaves and stem diameter) and fresh weight of sorghum plant. The research treatments were mycorrhizal levels and watering frequency using a completely randomized design with a 3x3 factorial pattern. The mycorrhizal fungi provision consisted of three levels, namely without mycorrhizal (M0), mycorrhizal 10 g/polybag (M10), and mycorrhizal 20 g/polybag (M20). The frequency of watering consisted of watering everyday (A1), watering every four days (A4), and watering every eight days (A8). The provision of mycorrhizae significantly affected the productivity of sorghum and fresh weight of sorghum (p<0.05). The difference in watering frequency affected the increase in sorghum plant height (p<0.05). However, it did not significantly affect the increase in length, stem diameter, number of leaves, and fresh weight of sorghum. In conclusion, mycorrhizae can significantly improved the productivity of sorghum plants developed in areas with high drought levels.

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