scholarly journals 009 Annual Weed Chemical Control in Asparagus

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 442C-442
Author(s):  
Arturo López-Carvajal ◽  
R. Leonel Grijalva-Contreras ◽  
Cristóbal Navarro-Ainza ◽  
Gerardo Martínez-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Plant Toxicity ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Amaranthus Spp

Approximately 50% of the asparagus plantations (3000 ha) in the Caborca, Sonora, area is furrow-irrigated. Under these conditions it is common to observe growing weeds in the furrow section, which impede water flow and compete for resources with the asparagus plant, finally reducing spear production and quality. Hence, the objective of this study was to validate herbicides to achieve an efficient annual weed control in the asparagus plantations. The validation plot was established in May 1998 on a commercial asparagus plantation that was highly infested mostly with annual grasses (Echinochloa colonum and E. crusgalli), and Amaranthus spp. and Portulaca oleracea as a secondary weeds. The herbicides and rates tested were: Prometrine (2 L·ha-1), Norflurazon (4 kg), Metribuzin (0.5 kg), Linuron (2 kg), and the control plot (no herbicide application). All the tested products showed significant weed control percentages compared with the control plot. Norflurazon, however, was clearly superior to the other herbicides, exhibiting a 100% control for a period of almost 18 weeks. Metribuzin had a 85% control for 12 weeks. Linuron and Prometrine exhibited a 68% and 47% control, respectively, for up to 12 weeks. Plant toxicity symptoms on the asparagus plant were not observed with any of the tested herbicides.

scholarly journals Hoeing as a Possibility for Mechanical Weed Control in Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

Crops ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sebastian Schwabe ◽  
Sabine Gruber ◽  
Wilhelm Claupein
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Plant

The framework conditions for chemical weed control in oilseed rape (OSR) are becoming increasingly unfavorable in Central Europe. On the one hand, weed resistance is spreading and, on the other, there is a growing social desire to reduce or eliminate the use of chemical crop protection products. In a field experiment, hoeing, as a weed control measure performed two times per growing season (one time in autumn and one time in spring) in oilseed rape (Brassica napus; two varieties), was compared to chemical control by herbicides and a combination of hoeing and herbicide application (five treatments altogether). The chemical control by herbicides consisted of a broad-spectrum pre-emergence treatment and a post-emergence graminicide application. The trial was set up in each of three periods (years 2014/2015, 2015/2016, and 2016/2017) at the experimental station Ihinger Hof, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany. The effect of the treatments on weed plant density, weed biomass at the time of harvesting, and on OSR grain yield was investigated. Weed plant density was measured four times per trial year, each time before and after hoeing. In 2015/2016 after spring hoeing, and in 2016/2017 at all data collection times, weed plant density was significantly higher in hoeing without herbicide application than in the other variants. No significant differences occurred at the other data collection times. The weed plant density ranged from 0.5 to 57.8 plants m−2. Regardless of the trial year, pure hoeing always resulted in a significantly higher weed biomass at the time of harvesting than the herbicide applications or the combinations. The weed biomass at the time of harvesting ranged between 0.1 and 54.7 g m−2. No significant differences in grain yield between hoeing and herbicide application occurred in all three trial years. According to the results, hoeing is a suitable extension of existing integrated weed control strategies in OSR.

scholarly journals Selectivity of the herbicide linuron sprayed in pre-emergence and post-early in carrot

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1201
Author(s):  
Núbia Maria Correia ◽  
Agnaldo Donizete Ferreira de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Carrot Plant

Herbicide application is a method for weed control in carrot crops. However, the choice of the chemical treatment (herbicide, association of products, dose, and time of application) should consider its selectivity to the crop. It is desired to analyze the selectivity of linuron for carrot plants, when sprayed on pre-emergence and post-early cultivated plants. Two experiments were carried out in the field in an area of the commercial production of carrots, one with the Verano cultivar and the other with BRS Planalto. Both experiments included an experimental design with randomized blocks in a factorial 2 x 4 + 1 with six and four replications for the experiments with Verano and BRS Planalto, respectively. The herbicide linuron (675 and 990 g a.i. ha-1) was sprayed at four times, counting from the carrot sowing day: in the pre-emergence of the crop at 0, 3, and 6 days after sowing (DAS) and in the post-early emergence at 9 DAS, when the plants had 1 or 2 cotyledons. An untreated control was maintained as an additional treatment. Linuron was selective for the carrot plant cultivars Verano and BRS Planalto, in both doses tested, when sprayed in the pre-emergence, up to six days after sowing, and in the post-early (plants with 1 or 2 cotyledon leaves) at nine days after sowing.

scholarly journals Innovative Herbicide Application Methods and Their Potential for Use in the Nursery and Landscape Industries

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Derr
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Improved Methods

Chemical weed control is an important weed management option in nursery crop production and landscape maintenance. Improved methods of herbicide delivery can increase efficacy of chemical control and minimize off-site movement, applicator exposure, and incorrect herbicide application. Certain innovative technologies show potential for addressing these issues in the nursery industry. Slow-release herbicide tablets have shown promise in container production. Horticultural collars, treated paper, and treated mulch are potential ways of applying herbicides in container crop production and/or landscape maintenance. Horticultural collars contain herbicides between two layers of a carrier such as a landscape fabric. A rapidly degradable paper can be pretreated with an herbicide for a precise application rate. Mulch can be treated with a herbicide prior to use in the landscape for improved weed control. Herbicides applied through the clip-cut pruning system could control weeds selectively in nurseries and landscapes. Each of these methods may address one or more concerns about off-site movement, calibration, and applicator exposure to pesticides.

scholarly journals SELECTIVE BROADLEAF WEED CONTROL IN GROUNDCOVERS

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 498A-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Walsworth ◽  
Edward Bush ◽  
Ronald Strahan ◽  
Ann Gray
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Issue ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Ophiopogon Japonicus

Selective broadleaf weed control is a major economic issue facing commercial landscapers and homeowners alike. Minimal selective post-emergent weed research has been successful in controlling landscape weeds. The objectives of this experiment were to determine the efficacy of seven selective broadleaf herbicides [nicosulfuron (0.66 oz/acre), flumioxazin (8 oz/acre), penoxsulam (2.3 fl oz/acre), bensulfuron (1.66 oz/acre), glyphosate (1% by volume), sulfentrazone (8 fl oz/acre), trifloxysulfuron (0.56 oz/acre) and the control] and to determine the ornamental phytotoxicity on three groundcover species (Liriope muscari, Ophiopogon japonicus, and Trachelospermum asiaticum). A RCBD design was used with five blocks. Each block was split establishing either mulched or bare soil plots (nonmulched). The ground-covers were established three months before herbicide application. On 29 June 2005, four weed species were evenly seeded into the blocks with one hundred seeds each of Sesbania exaltata, Ipomea hederacea, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Euphorbia maculata. Herbicides were applied using a CO2 backpack type sprayer on 6 Sept. 2005. Plant and weed control data were taken to evaluate phytotoxicity and efficacy at 0, 1, 7, 14, and 28 DAT. On 27 Oct. 2005, weeds were harvested from each plot and dried for a minimum of 48 h and weighed. No significant differences in phytotoxicity were observed on either Liriope muscari or Trachelospermum asiaticum. However, there was a significant increase in phytotoxicity exhibited by the Ophiopogon japonicus treated with sulfentrazone compared to all of the other herbicides. Glyphosate demonstrated the best overall control of all broadleaf weeds except Sesbania, while trifloxysulfuron showed the best control of Sesbania. There were no significant differences in herbicide efficacy between the mulched and nonmulched plots. Further research is being done to measure the effects of herbicide efficacy and phytotoxicity in 2006.

scholarly journals Preemergent Weed Control in Container-grown Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 660c-660
Author(s):  
James E. Klett ◽  
David Hillock ◽  
David Staats
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Gypsophila Paniculata ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Herbicides were applied to container-grown herbaceous perennials and evaluated on the basis of weed control, phytotoxicity, and effect on plant growth. During the 1995 season six preemergent herbicides [(in kg·ha–1) Napropamide (Devrinol 10G), 4.5 and 9.1; Isoxaben (Gallery 75DF), 1.1 and 2.3; Oxadiazon (Ronstar 2G), 4.5 and 9.1; Oxyfluorfen + Oryzalin (Rout 3G), 3.4 and 13.6; Oryzalin (Surflan AS), 2.8 and 4.5; and Trifluralin (Treflan 5G) 4.5 and 9.1, were tested on Callirhoe involucrata, Delosperma nubigenum, Dendranthemum ×morifolium `Jennifer', Festuca cinerea `Sea Urchin', and Gypsophila paniculata `Fairy's Pink'. Isoxaben (both rates) resulted in visual phytotoxicity symptoms and sometimes death to Dendranthemum. Oxadiazon (9.1 kg·ha–1) and Oxyfluorfen + Oryzalin (both rates) resulted in plant chlorosis and necrosis to Delosperma soon after herbicide application, but plants outgrew herbicide damage. Napropamide (both rates), applied to Delosperma, resulted in less dry weight when compared to some of the other herbicide treatments. Oryzalin (4.5 kg·ha–1) resulted in visual phytotoxicity and less plant dry weight to Festuca. Data analysis revealed no significant differences in Callirhoe and Gypsophila. In general, most herbicides controlled weeds effectively.

scholarly journals RESIDUAL WEED CONTROL WITH FALL HERBICIDE APPLICATION IN APPLE AND PEACH

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 880c-880
Author(s):  
Joseph G. Masabni ◽  
Dwight E. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
The Other ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Control Evaluation ◽  
Fall Application

Flumioxazin (Chateau 51WG) is an herbicide for the preemergence and early postemergence control of broadleaves and grasses. Chateau was recently labeled for use in non-bearing fruit trees and bearing grapes. Long-term weed control in apple, peach, and blueberry was investigated following fall application of herbicides. Treatments consisted of simazine 2.8 kg a.i., norflurazon 2.24 kg a.i., napropamide 2.24 kg a.i., and oryzalin 2.24 kg a.i. were applied on 11 Nov. 2003. Flumioxazin was also applied at 0.1 and 0.43 kg ai on apple and peach. All treatments included glyphosate 1 lb a.i. for burndown control of preexisting weeds. Weed control evaluation in mid-April or 4 months after application showed that flumioxazin-treated plots had no weeds present and no weed regrowth. Plots treated with napropamide, norflurazon, and oryzalin showed significant regrowth of dandelion, common ragweed, and chickweed. Simazine plots had fewer weeds germinating than the other herbicides. By early June or 6 months after application, no differences in residual weed control were observed for all treated plots when compared to the control. All plots were equally weedy and required immediate floor management measures. It appears that flumioxazin weed control benefit was exhausted by 6 months after application, compared to 4 months for all other herbicides. Fall application of flumioxazin can eliminate the need for early spring weed control. This time saved can be spent on other important activities such as pruning and disease and insect control.

scholarly journals Weed management during and after rhizoma perennial peanut establishment.

1969 ◽  
Vol 94 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
María de L. Lugo-Torres ◽  
Teodoro M. Ruiz ◽  
Raúl Macchiavelli
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Arachis Glabrata ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dimethenamid and imazethapyr followed by clethodim and bromoxynil, on rhizoma perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata) during and after establishment.There were no significant differences in any of the parameters measured among rhizoma perennial peanut accessions as a result of the effects of herbicides. Excellent grass control was obtained when dimethenamid (preemergence) at 1.68 and 3.36 kg ai/ha was applied during the first month as compared with the use of imazethapyr. At 26 weeks after herbicide application (WAH) excellent grass control was obtained in all herbicide treatments. At 52 WAH no differences were observed for broadleaf and grass density. No differences were detected for dry weight of rhizoma perennial peanut and weeds among herbicide treatments at the 26- and 52-WAH harvests. Plots receiving imazethapyr as an early postemergence (POE) had 44 g/m2 more dry weight of weeds than plots with dimethenamid at the lowest rate, but no differences were found among the other treatments. The lowest weight of rhizoma perennial peanut was with imazethapyr early POE, as compared with the three other herbicide treatments. No difference was observed with dimethenamid at either rate. After two years, density of broadleaves was the highest (55.6 plants per square meter) with imazethapyr applied early POE. Density of grasses was lower with imazethapyr preemergence and dimethenamid at a lower rate than with the other two herbicide treatments. Overall, taking into account all rates and dates of herbicide applications, the best weed control was obtained with the early application dates. 

scholarly journals SELECTIVITY OF HERBICIDES APPLIED IN POST-EMERGENCE OF SHOWY CROTALARIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 918-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUILHERME BRAGA PEREIRA BRAZ ◽  
RUBEM SILVÉRIO DE OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR ◽  
JAMIL CONSTANTIN ◽  
HUDSON KAGUEYAMA TAKANO ◽  
FERNANDA BRUNETTA GODINHO
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Herbicide Application

ABSTRACT Weed control is essential to reduce or eliminate the interference of weeds on crops. Chemical control with the application of herbicides consists of the most used method, with this aim in grain producing areas. Information about the selectivity of herbicides to C. spectabilis (showy crotalaria) are scarce, which are critical for the management of this species as a crop. One field experiment was performed to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides applied in post-emergence of showy crotalaria. The herbicides bentazon (720 and 576 g ha-1), imazethapyr (106 and 79.5 g ha-1), pyrithiobac-sodium (84 g ha-1), flumiclorac (60 g ha-1), flumiclorac in sequential application (30 / 30 g ha-1), imazethapyr + bentazon (106 + 480 g ha-1), and clethodim + quizalofop (96 + 100 g ha-1) were applied in plants with four true leaves, also using a control without herbicide application. Pyrithiobac-sodium and flumiclorac isolated and the tankmix of imazethapyr + bentazon provided greater injuries to showy crotalaria, also affecting the final plant height. Pyrithiobac-sodium (84 g ha-1) was not selective to showy crotalaria. The herbicides imazethapyr (79.5 g ha-1), flumiclorac (sequential application), and bentazon (576 g ha-1), despite the association between clethodim + quizalofop, can be used for weed management in showy crotalaria crop.

scholarly journals SELETIVIDADE DE HERBICIDAS APLICADOS EM PRÉ E PÓS-EMERGÊNCIA NA CULTURA DO FEIJÃO-CAUPI NA SAVANA AMAZÔNICA

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 625
Author(s):  
Anna Bárbara de Souza Cruz ◽  
Paulo Roberto Ribeiro Rocha ◽  
José Anchieta Alves Albuquerque ◽  
José Maria Arcanjo Alves ◽  
Diego Lima de Souza Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Management ◽  
The North ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
Management Method

O feijão-caupi é uma fabácea bastante cultivada no Brasil, principalmente nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. Entretanto, a produtividade desta cultura é baixa, e dentre os fatores que contribuem para a baixa produtividade está a interferência causada pelas plantas daninhas. O manejo químico das plantas é um método de manejo promissor, embora haja poucas informações para o feijão-caupi. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pré e pós-emergência do feijão-caupi na Savana Amazônica. Foram instalados dois experimentos, um com aplicação de oito herbicidas em pré-emergência e outro com aplicação de oito herbicidas em pós-emergência, mais um tratamento com capina e outro sem capina, totalizando dez tratamentos em cada experimento. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: Fitotoxicidade, número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade. O herbicida metribuzin não é recomendado em pré-emergência na cultura do feijão-caupi, por não ser seletivo a esta cultura, assim como os pós-emergentes fomezafen, imazethapyr, imazamox, quizalofop-p-ethyl + imazethapyr.Os herbicidas oxadiazon, em pré-emergência, e quizalofop-p-ethyl + imazamox, em pós-emergência, são recomendados como estratégias de controle de plantas daninhas no feijão-caupi, por serem seletivos à cultura, não apresentando fitotoxicidade e não reduzindo a produtividade.Palavras-chave: controle químico, plantas daninhas, produtividade, Vignaunguiculata. SELECTIVITY OF PRE AND POST-EMERGENCY HERBICIDES APPLIED COWPEA IN THE AMAZON SAVANNAH ABSTRACT: Cowpea is a well-grown fabaceae in Brazil, mainly in the North and Northeast regions. However, the productivity of this crop is low, and among the factors that contribute to lower productivity is the interference caused by weeds. The chemical management of plants is a promising management method, although there is little information for cowpea. The objective of this work was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides applied in pre and post emergence of cowpea in the Amazon Savannah. Two experiments were applied, one with application of eight herbicides in pre-emergence and the other with application of eight herbicides in the post-emergence, one treatment with weeding and another treatment without weeding, totalizing ten treatments in each experiment. The following parameters were evaluated: Phytotoxicity, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, mass of 100 grains and productivity. The herbicide metribuzin is not recommended in pre-emergence in cowpea because it is not selective to this crop, as well as the post-emergent fomezafen, imazethapyr, imazamox, quizalofop-p-ethyl + imazethapyr. Pre-emergence oxadiazon and post-emergence quizalofop-p-ethyl + imazamox herbicides are recommended as weed control strategies in cowpea because they are selective to the crop, not presenting phytotoxicity and not reducing productivity.Keywords: chemical control, weed, Vigna unguiculata, productivity.

Weed Management in Small Grains Harvested for Grain

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Ferrell ◽  
Gregory MacDonald ◽  
Pratap Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Good Management ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Crop Competition

Successful weed control in small grains involves using good management practices in all phases of production. In Florida, winter weeds compete with small grains for moisture, nutrients, and light, with the greatest amount of competition occurring during the first six to eight weeks after planting. Weeds also cause harvest problems the following spring when the small grain is mature. This 4-page publication discusses crop competition, knowing your weeds, and chemical control. Written by J. A. Ferrell, G. E. MacDonald, and P. Devkota, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, revised May 2020.

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