scholarly journals 338 Timing of Onion Bulb Formation under Field Conditions in New York in Relation to Temperature, Photoperiod, and Cultivar

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 501C-501
Author(s):  
H.C. Wien ◽  
B.S. Orenstein ◽  
L.A. Ellerbrock
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Bulb Formation ◽  
Onion Bulb Formation ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Neck Diameter ◽  
Spring Planting

Although it has been known since the 1930s that long photoperiods and high temperatures hasten bulb formation in onions, the time at which onion cultivars under field conditions in New York start forming bulbs has not been previously reported. In the 1997 and 1998, onion cultivars were seeded in three commercial onion production areas at normal early spring planting dates. In 1998, a time-of-planting study was carried out in Ithaca, N.Y., in which three transplanted crops and three direct-seeded crops were established at monthly intervals beginning at the end of March. Bulb ratios (bulb diameter: neck diameter) were measured at 2-week intervals during the season in all plantings. Initiation of bulbs (assumed to occur 3 weeks before bulb ratio reached 2) was then related to the photoperiod and air temperature up to that point. A comparison of early, mid-season, and late cultivars indicated that bulbs are initiated in commercial plantings in New York at close to the longest day of the year (15.6 h), at a time when mean temperature is still rising. In the time of planting study, delay of planting resulted in fewer days from emergence to bulb initiation and a reduction in growing degree-day accumulation. If planted later than 15 June, some cultivars failed to initiate bulbs, but others, such as `Quantum' and `Winner', initiated bulbs but did not mature them. The results indicate that photoperiod appears to be the primary factor for the initiation of bulbs, but that bulb initiation can be modified strongly in some cultivars by temperature.

scholarly journals Low-temperature Germination Response of su, se, and sh2 Sweet Corn Cultivars

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Hassell ◽  
Robert J. Dufault ◽  
Tyron L. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Seed Processing ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Spring Planting

Early spring sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa) is usually planted in cold soils at sub-optimal temperatures for seed germination. It is important for growers to understand the relationships among temperature, germination, and vigor of sweet corn in order to plan the earliest planting dates that will not significantly reduce plant stand. The objectives of this research were 1) to determine the minimum temperatures to germinate to 75%, (the minimum germination percent for interstate commerce) for 27 new sweet corn su (sugary), se (sugar enhancer), and sh2 (shrunken-2) cultivars; 2) to determine vigor differences among the phenotypes; and 3) to select the most promising se, su, and sh2 cultivars for cold tolerance and vigor for early spring planting. Seeds of each cultivar were placed along a temperature gradient on a thermogradient table, Type 5001 (Seed Processing Holland, Enkhuizen, The Netherlands), and allowed to germinate over a 7-day period. The gradient treatments were [±2 °F (1.1 °C)] 52, 56, 60, 64, 68, 72, 76, 80, 84, and 86 °F (11.1, 13.3, 15.6, 17.8, 20.0, 22.2, 24.4, 26.7, 28.9, and 30.0 °C). Germination data from thermogradient testing were used to determine the minimum temperatures and time required for su, se, and sh2 cultivars to germinate at ≥75%, defined as minimum acceptable germination percent (MAGP); and the minimum temperature to reach the maximum germination rate (MGR) for a cultivar, defined as the ability to germinate to MAGP at the same rate equally at low and high temperatures. Generally, su phenotypes germinated to MAGP within 4 days, with sh2 requiring 6 days, but with se requiring 5 days. We found that within each phenotype, however, cultivars reacted uniquely to temperature. The most vigorous and cold tolerant su cultivars were `NK 199' and `Merit' which germinated to MAGP at 52 °F with `NK 199' more vigorous than `Merit'. The su cultivar `Sweet G-90' was vigorous at warm temperatures, but the least cold tolerant and desirable for planting under cold conditions. Within the se cultivars, `Precious Gem', `July Gold', and `Imaculata' germinated to MAGP at 52 °F with `Precious Gem' requiring 6 days and `July Gold' and `Imaculata' requiring 7 days. `Accord' was the least cold tolerant se cultivar, requiring at least 60 °F for MAGP with a slow MGR, even at warm temperatures. None of the sh2 cultivars reached MAGP within 7 d at 52 °F, as was also observed for certain su and se cultivars.

Effect of irrigation methods and techniques of earthing up on the potato yield

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Viktor Melihov ◽  
Aleksey Novikov ◽  
Denis Vasilyuk
Keyword(s):  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Spring Planting

The article considers three ways of watering potatoessprinkling, furrowing, drip and two methods of hilling – ridge and ridge at early spring and summer planting times. The use of drip irrigation systems in the cultivation of potatoes in the subzone of light-chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region leads to an increase in yield of 63 % compared with sprinkler irrigation, at 31 % compared to irrigation furrows in the spring planting time and by 34 % compared to sprinkler irrigation, by 28 % compared to irrigation furrows on the options for summer planting time. Ridge hilling technique led to an increase in potato yield compared to the ridge technique by 8.5…13.3 % at early spring planting times and by 6.6…13.5 % at summer planting times. The analysis of yield of the main production shows that potatoes of spring term of landing formed mass of tubers to 57,4 t/ha, and at summer plantings to 62,6 t/ha. On average, the yield of potatoes at summer planting dates was higher than the yield of potatoes at spring planting dates by 13 %.

Sectarian Visions of the Economy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Benezra Strote
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
New York Stock Exchange ◽  
York Stock Exchange ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Emergency

This chapter examines the failure of elites to build consensus on a proper policy response to the onset of worldwide economic depression after the crash of the New York Stock Exchange in October 1929. Economic crisis overwhelmed all other public discussion in the early spring of 1930, when the Social Democratic chancellor Hermann Müller and his cabinet were forced to resign. In this potentially dire situation, Paul von Hindenburg decided to use his constitutional prerogative as president to declare a national emergency. In Hindenburg's eyes, not only had the Müller regime failed to formulate a response to the downturn, but more fundamentally, they had divided the national community, stoking class conflict and alienating the religious communities by advocating a complete separation of church and state. Thus, Hindenburg appointed Heinrich Brüning as chancellor, a policy expert from the country's Center Party, which represents the interests of Germany's Catholic population and was still strongly affiliated with the Catholic Church.

Localized Hypertrophic Mononeuropathy Involving the Tibial Nerve

Neurosurgery ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasudeva G. Iyer ◽  
Henry D. Garreston ◽  
Ryland P. Byrd ◽  
Steven J. Reiss
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Tibial Nerve ◽  
Posterior Tibial Nerve ◽  
Motor Weakness ◽  
Posterior Tibial ◽  
Bulb Formation ◽  
Histological Appearance ◽  
Single Nerve ◽  
Onion Bulb Formation ◽  
Localized Hypertrophic Neuropathy

ABSTRACT Localized hypertrophic neuropathy (LHN) is a disorder of unknown cause that presents with progressive, predominantly motor weakness in the distribution of a single nerve, with the histological appearance of the “onion bulb” formation. Because of its rarity, the condition is often ignored in the differential diagnosis of mononeuropathy. We report a case of LHN involving the posterior tibial nerve and review the literature.

scholarly journals Responses to Early Spring Planting in Several Genotypes of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum typhoideum Rich)

10.5109/24220 ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 325-335
Author(s):  
Totok Agung Dwi Haryanto ◽  
Nguyen Duy Can ◽  
Tae Kwon Shon ◽  
Tomohiko Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Spring Planting

Phellinus igniarius. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Pegler
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
North America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Airborne Spores ◽  
Phellinus Igniarius ◽  
Late Autumn

Abstract A description is provided for Phellinus igniarius. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Common on the trunks of Salix and Populus, also recorded on Acer, Arbutus, Arctostaphylos, Betula, Carpinus, Castanopsis, Cornus, Erythropheum, Fagus, Fraxinus, Juglans, Ostrya, Pericopsis, Prunus, Pyrus, Quercus, Rhamnus and Ulmus. DISEASE: White heart rot. Causing a destructive decay of the general delignifying type. The decayed area becomes soft and white, bounded by conspicuous dark zones or black lines with an irregularly concentric arrangement. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Eritrea, Madagascar, Zambia); Asia (Japan, U.S.S.R.); Europe (Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Netherlands, Norway, Rumania, Sweden); North America (Canada, U.S.A.); Central America (Nicaragua, Venezuela). TRANSMISSION: By airborne spores, which are continuously produced from early spring until late autumn when the temperature drops below 5°C (Riley, 1952). Spores remain viable for several months under field conditions (Iverson, 1968). Infection occurs mainly through branch wounds.

Microsite Soil Compaction Enhances Establishment of Direct-Seeded Jack Pine in Northwestern Ontario

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laird W. Van Damme ◽  
Lisa Buse ◽  
Steve Warrington
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Treatment Responses ◽  
Sowing Season

Abstract The effects of microsite soil compaction on direct seeding of jack pine and black spruce were tested in conjunction with Bracke scarification. The compaction effect was achieved by manually tamping the seed spot. It was anticipated that compaction might decrease the number of seeds required to establish seedlings and extend the sowing season in Northwestern Ontario Experimental results showed that compaction increased the number of scalps stocked with jack pine by 30% after the first growing season. Compaction with a pyramidal surface doubled the percent stocked scalps over conventional sowing for the latest sowing date. Compaction may allow an extension of the jack pine sowing season from late June into early July. Still, early spring sowing provided the best overall results for both species. Compaction effects were not detected for black spruce. The experimental sowing rate of five seeds per scalp may have been insufficient to detect black spruce treatment responses on the dry mineral soil seed spots. North. J. Appl. For. 9(3):107-112.

scholarly journals Hereditary Motor Sensory Neuropathy Type I Presenting as Scapuloperoneal Atrophy (Davidenkow Syndrome) Electrophysiological and Pathological Studies

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel M. Ronen ◽  
Noel Lowry ◽  
John H. Wedge ◽  
Harvey B. Sarnat ◽  
Alan Hill
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Sensory Neuropathy ◽  
Nerve Biopsy ◽  
Sural Nerve Biopsy ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Type I ◽  
Pes Cavus ◽  
Hereditary Motor ◽  
Bulb Formation ◽  
Onion Bulb Formation

ABSTRACT:A 14 year old boy with scapuloperoneal muscular atrophy, pes cavus, areflexia and distal sensory loss (Davidenkow syndrome) is described. Nerve conduction velocities were diminished. Sural nerve biopsy demonstrated a reduction in the number of myelinated fibers and early “onion-bulb” formation. These observations support the hypothesis that the scapuloperoneal amyotrophy associated with distal sensory loss may represent a variant of type I hereditary motor sensory neuropathy.

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