196 Growth of Grapevines With and Without Grow Tubes

Grapevines (cv. Steuben) were field-grown for 1 year to determine the effects of pruning and grow tube use on vine growth. Plots were grown on Crosby-Miami silt loam soils, trickle irrigated as needed to ensure adequate moisture, and provided a 3-ft band of weed control on each side of the row. Vines were trained onto a 5-ft. tall-trellis using the following techniques: 1) pruned to a single shoot and placed in a grow tube supported by a bamboo stake, 2) pruned to a single shoot and trained on a bamboo stake without a grow tube, or 3) left unpruned and trained on four strings radiating out from the vine to the top wire. At the end of the growing season, the vines were destructively sampled for leaf area, total shoot growth, average internode length, shoot diameter, top growth dry weight, and root system dry weight. The results indicate that pruning vines to a single shoot significantly reduced overall vine growth, whether a tube was used or not. Vines trained to single shoots and grown with or without grow tubes did not differ significantly for the various parameters measured. Unpruned vines produced nearly three times more leaf area, more than two times more total shoot length, and more than two times more top dry weight and root dry weight than the other treatments. A sub-set of these vines will be grown for one more season to determine if the negative effects of pruning and/or tubes will effect vine size after a second season.

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SHOOT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF `STARKSPUR SUPREME DELICIOUS' VARIES WITH ROOTSTOCK.

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1111f ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1111f-1111

Author(s):

Curt R. Rom

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Leaf Size ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Internode Length ◽

Terminal Bud ◽

Shoot Growth Rate ◽

Old Trees

Shoot growth `Starkspur Supreme Delirious' on 10 different rootstock was measured on 3-, 4- and 6-year-old trees at weekly intervals from budbreak until terminal bud formation. Spur density, spur development, and extension shoot leaf area development were measured in September. Growth rate was analyzed by regression against chronological time and accumulated growing degree days using linear and nonlinear statistics.Rootstock affected shoot length, leaf number, leaf area, leaf size, leaf dry weight/leaf area and internode length. Trees on M.4, M.7 EMLA, P-1 and seedling had the longest shoots and highest shoot growth rate. Trees on P16 had least leaves and leaf area per shoot and smallest shoot leaves. Leaf dry wt./area were negatively correlated to leaf size. Typically, trees with shortest shoot length and smallest internode length had greatest spur density. Rootstock affected both rate and duration of shoot growth. Shoots on trees with P22 and P2 rootstocks grew for the shortest duration while trees on M.4 and M.7 EMLA grew for the longest period.

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Cover Crop Effects on Weed Control and Growth of First-year Grapevines

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.801e ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 801E-801

Author(s):

Bruce P. Bordelon ◽

Stephen C. Weller

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Weed Control ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growing Season ◽

First Year ◽

Weed Biomass ◽

Vine Growth ◽

Shoot Number ◽

Crop Biomass

Four cover crops were evaluated for weed control and effects on first-year vine growth. Winter wheat (cv. Cardinal), rye (cv. Wheeler), oats (cv. Ogle), and hairy vetch (no cultivar name) were either fall- or spring-planted and compared to cultivated and weedy control plots. Cover crop and weed biomass dry weight was collected twice during the growing season. Vines (Vitis labrusca cv. Steuben) were planted in the spring and destructively sampled at the end of the growing season for analysis of leaf area, leaf number, shoot length., shoot number, top growth dry weight, and root system dry weight. None of the vines in cover crop treatments had growth as good as vines in the weed-free check. Vines in the best cover crop treatments had ≈70% as much leaf area, 75% as many leaves, 50% as much shoot dry weight, and 40% as much root dry weight as vines in the weed-free check. Cover crop biomass dry weight and vine growth was greater in fall-planted plots than in spring-planted plots. Despite low cover crop biomass dry weight, spring-planted plots had few weeds (low weed biomass dry weight). However, vine growth in spring-planted plots was not significantly different than vine growth in the weedy check.

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Influence de la charge sur la production et la croissance de la vigne (c.v. Merlot)

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.1987.21.2.1279 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

M. Nikov

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Yield Ratio ◽

Primary Factor ◽

First Year ◽

Parabolic Curve ◽

Grape Quality ◽

Single Shoot ◽

The Relationship

L'étude est menée avec le cépage Merlot conduit en forme haute et à une distance de 3,40 x 1,20 m. Les vignes supportent des charges individuelles de 26, 32, 38 ... jusqu'à 62 bourgeons par cep. La relation entre le nombre d'yeux et le rendement par souche se caractérise par une courbe parabolique avec un maximum autour de 50 bourgeons par cep. L'augmentation de charge au-delà de l'optimum exerce une influence inhibitrice sur la croissance des rameaux individuels depuis la première année. Le rapport entre la surface foliaire et la production représente un facteur essentiel pour la qualité du raisin.+++The study involves Merlot variety trained with an high trunk and a 3,40 x 1,20 m spacing. The vines support individual pruning levels of 26, 32, 38 ... up to 62 buds/vine. The relationship between bud number and yield per vine is characterized by a parabolic curve with a maximum around 50 buds/vine. The increase in pruning level beyond the optimum induces an inhibitory effect on single shoot growth since the first year. The leaf area : yield ratio represents a primary factor of grape quality.

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Growth and Development of Organic Arsenical-Susceptible and -Resistant Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Biotypes Under Noncompetitive Conditions

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00039361 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 154-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

William E. Haigler ◽

Billy J. Gossett ◽

James R. Harris ◽

Joe E. Toler

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Reproductive Potential ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growing Season ◽

Xanthium Strumarium ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Growth Development

The growth, development, and reproductive potential of several populations of organic arsenical-susceptible (S) and -resistant (R) common cocklebur biotypes were compared under noncompetitive field conditions. Plant height, leaf area, aboveground dry weights, and relative growth rate (RGR) were measured periodically during the growing season. Days to flowering, bur dry weight, and number of burs per plant were also recorded. Arsenical S- and R-biotypes were similar in all measured parameters of growth, development, and reproductive potential. Populations within each biotype varied occasionally in plant height, leaf area, aboveground dry weights, and reproductive potential.

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Compensatory Responses of Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) to Partial Shading

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500076281 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 541-547 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Emilie E. Regnier ◽

S. Kent Harrison

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Shade Tolerance ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Branch Length ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Xanthium Strumarium ◽

Leaf Angle ◽

Petiole Length ◽

Partial Shading ◽

Total Plant

Lower leaves of greenhouse-grown common cocklebur and velvetleaf were shaded to 5% of full light over a 12-d period while upper leaves remained exposed to full light to determine weed foliar and branching responses to partial shading similar to that encountered in soybean crops. Shading increased lower leaf senescence and specific leaf area, and decreased branch length and number of second-order leaves in both species compared to unshaded controls. Common cocklebur branched more extensively along the lower portion of its stem than velvetleaf under both shaded and unshaded conditions. Upper leaves of partially shaded velvetleaf were held in a more perpendicular position to the light source beginning 3 days after treatment (DAT) compared to upper leaves of unshaded plants. Shading of lower leaves caused an increase in upper (unshaded) leaf area beginning 3 and 6 DAT in velvetleaf and common cocklebur, respectively. Petiole length of upper leaves also increased in response to shading in both species. Total plant dry weight at 12 DAT was unaffected by shading in velvetleaf but was reduced 10% by shading in common cocklebur. While common cocklebur maintained greater lower shoot growth in the presence of shade than velvetleaf, there was a greater change in upper leaf angle by velvetleaf in response to shading than by common cocklebur. These results support previous field observations of apparent greater shade tolerance of common cocklebur compared to velvetleaf and indicate that both species have the ability to compensate for shading of lower leaves by altering upper shoot growth.

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The growth of young peach trees following infection by the viruses of peach rosette and decline disease

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9770441 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 441 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

PR Smith ◽

TF Neales

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growing Season ◽

Dual Infection ◽

Bud Burst ◽

Decline Disease ◽

Peach Trees

The vegetative growth of young peach trees was reduced greatly in the growing season following a dual infection with Prunus necrotic ringspot and prune dwarf viruses which caused the disease known as 'peach rosette and decline'. Ninety-two days after bud burst, the dry weight and leaf area of cv. Elberta scions were reduced by c. 60% as a result of infection, while the reduction in cv. Golden Queen was about 93%. The latter cultivar thus appears to be the less tolerant of infection by this virus disease.

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Differences in growth and yield responses to Aphis gossypii Glover between different okra varieties

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/2250-pps ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 109-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

H.K. Shannag ◽

J.M. Al-Qudah ◽

I.M. Makhadmeh ◽

N.M. Freihat

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Aphis Gossypii ◽

Total Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growing Season ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Experimental Plant ◽

Local Reduction ◽

Yield Responses ◽

Aphid Populations

The reactions of five commercial varieties of okra, Abelmoschus esculentus, to A. gossypii were evaluated under semiarid field conditions. Each experimental plant of varieties Clemson spineless, Clemson spineless 80, Lee, Perkins dwarf, and Local was infested 60 days after emergence by three late-nymphal instars of the aphid. The results showed that aphid populations increased constantly on the varieties, except for days 42 and 49 after infestation, attaining a peak at about the end of the growing season. Differences in aphid densities were recorded between varieties. The aphids were most numerous on var. Local, while lowest in number on var. Lee. Infestation by aphids on okra varieties reduced yield by 57% on var. Perkins dwarf, 56% on var. Lee, 24% on var. Clemson spineless, 21% on var. Clemson spineless 80, and 5% on var. Local. Reduction in the number of pods produced per plant followed the same pattern as observed for total yield. Aphids had not altered significantly the vegetative plant growth at day 37 following infestation. At day 66, a substantial decrease in shoot fresh and dry weights and also leaf area was evident on var. Perkins dwarf while on var. Clemson spineless only the leaf area was significantly reduced. Moreover, aphid-free controls varied widely in their growth and productivity at the end of growing season. Varieties Clemson spineless and Clemson spineless 80 produced the highest total yield and pod numbers, var. Local the lowest. The varieties Perkins dwarf and Clemson spineless produced significantly higher shoot fresh and dry weight, as well as leaf area, than vars. Lee and Local.

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Effects of lead on seedling growth of spesia populnea

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/147/2009-pse ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 194-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. Kabir ◽

M.Z. Iqbal ◽

M. Shafiq ◽

Z.R. Farooqi

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Root Length ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Strong Influence ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Thespesia Populnea ◽

Seedling Length ◽

Number Of Leaves

The effects of lead on root, shoot and seedling length, leaf area, number of leaves, plant circumference, seedling dry weight, root/shoot and leaf area ratios of Thespesia populnea L. were determined in greenhouse under natural environmental conditions with and without phytotoxic metal ions at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 µmol/l. Lead treatments have a strong influence on the growth and development of T. populnea by reducing significantly (P < 0.05) all the above parameters. Lead treatment at 5–25 µmol/l produced significant (P < 0.05) effects on seedling and root length, plant circumference and seedling dry weight of T. populnea, while lead treatment at 10–25 µmol/l produced significant (P < 0.05) effects on shoot length, number of leaves and leaf area as compared to control. Tolerance in T. populnea seedling at 25 µmol/l of lead treatment was lowest as compared to all other treatments.

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Cutless Controls Shoot Growth of ‘China Girl’ Holly

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-12.3.167 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 167-169

Author(s):

G.J. Keever ◽

C.H. Gilliam ◽

D.J. Eakes

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Growth Index ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Single Application ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Production Growth ◽

Container Production

Abstract Ilex x meserveae ‘China Girl’ plants were sprayed with a single application of different rates of Cutless (flurprimidol) during container production. Growth index, shoot length and shoot dry weight decreased with increasing rates of Cutless. Growth index of plants treated with 500 ppm Cutless was about 17% less than that of control plants 120 days after treatment, but were similar after the spring flush the following year. Growth inhibition persisted for at least two growing seasons when plants were treated with rates of 1500 to 2500 ppm; foliage of these plants was smaller and more cupped than that of control plants. Treated plants were noticeably more compact and uniform, and foliage was darker green than that of control plants.

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822 PB 269 PINE BARK SOIL AMENDMENTS AND NUTRITION AFFECT GROWTH AND DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF VIBURNUM PLICATUM VAR. TOMENTOSUM `MARIESII'

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.5.551b ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 551b-551

Author(s):

Carleton B Wood ◽

Timothy J. Smalley ◽

Mark Rieger

Keyword(s):

Drought Tolerance ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Soil Amendments ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pine Bark ◽

Ammonium Toxicity ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Nitrogen Deficiencies ◽

Water Contents

Container-grown Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum `Mariesii' were planted in tilled beds and tilled beds amended with aged pine bark. After transplanting, plants were fertilized at three different rates: no fertilizer, 18.4 g of N m-2, and 36.8 g of N m-2. A 31 day drought was begun 73 days after planting. Fertilization of tilled plots induced ammonium toxicity, which caused a linear reduction in leaf area, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight. Fertilization of amended plots had no effect on shoot growth but reduced mot growth by 54%; thus, amendments ameliorated ammonium toxicity. Between 10 and 28 days after beginning the drought, plants in unfertilized-amended plots maintained higher relative leaf water contents (RLWC) and relative leaf expansion rates (RLER) than plants in unfertilized-tilled plots. Amendment induced nitrogen deficiencies contributed to the increased drought tolerance of plants from unfertilized-amended plots. Since fertilized plants developed symptoms of ammonium toxicity, we were unable to determine if increasing fertility would counteract the drought tolerance conferred by pine bark soil amendments.

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