scholarly journals 616 Effect of Temperature on Flower Size of Campanula carpatica `Blue Clips' and `Birch Hybrid'

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 503D-503
Author(s):  
Genhua Niu ◽  
Royal D. Heins ◽  
Arthur C. Cameron ◽  
William H. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Flower Size ◽  
Flower Induction ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Two Temperature ◽  
Campanula Carpatica ◽  
Induction Temperature

Flower size generally decreases as temperature increases. The objective of this research was to investigate during development when flowers of Campanula carpatica Jacq. `Blue Clips' and `Birch Hybrid' are sensitive to temperature by conducting two temperature-transfer experiments. In the first experiment, plants were grown initially at 20 °C and then transferred at visible bud to 14, 17, 20, 23, or 26 °C until flower. In the second experiment, plants were transferred from 14 to 26 °C or from 26 to 14 °C at 1, 3, or 5 weeks (`Blue Clips') or at 1, 2, or 3 weeks (`Birch Hybrid') after flower induction. Temperature before visible bud had little effect on final flower size for both species. For example, flower diameter of `Blue Clips' was similar among plants grown at constant 14 °C or grown at 20 °C initially and then transferred at visible bud to 14 or 17 °C. Similarly, flower diameter of plants grown at constant 26 °C was similar to those grown at 20 °C initially and then transferred at visible bud to 26 °C. Flower diameter in these species is correlated with the temperature after VB in the 14 to 26 °C and decreases linearly as the temperature after VB increases.

scholarly journals Temperature and Daily Light Integral Influence Plant Quality and Flower Development of Campanula carpatica 'Blue Clips', 'Deep Blue Clips', and Campanula 'Birch Hybrid'

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genhua Niu ◽  
Royal D. Heins ◽  
Arthur Cameron ◽  
Will Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Flower Size ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Daily Light Integral ◽  
Deep Blue ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Petal Length ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Light Integral ◽  
Campanula Carpatica

The effects of temperature on flower size and number of flower buds of Campanula carpatica Jacq. 'Blue Clips', 'Deep Blue Clips', and Campanula 'Birch Hybrid' were investigated in four temperature and light-transfer experiments. In year 1, 'Blue Clips' and 'Birch Hybrid' plants were grown initially at 20 °C and then transferred at visible flower bud (VB) to 14, 17, 20, 23, or 26 °C until flower (Expt. 1). In Expt. 2, 'Blue Clips' and 'Birch Hybrid' plants were transferred from 14 to 26 °C or from 26 to 14 °C at various intervals after flower induction. Flower size of both species was negatively correlated with average daily temperature (ADT) after VB; flowers on plants grown at 14 °C were 35% larger than those on plants grown at 26 °C. In contrast, temperature before VB had only a small effect on final flower size in both species, although flower diameter of 'Birch Hybrid' plants grown at constant 26 °C was 20% smaller than that of the plants grown initially at 20°C and then transferred to VB to 26 °C. For both species, the longer the exposure to high temperature after VB, the smaller the flowers. Number of flower buds at flower in 'Birch Hybrid' decreased as ADT after VB increased. In year 2, 'Deep Blue Clips' plants were grown at constant 20 °C under high or low daily light integral (DLI, 17 or 5.7 mol·m-2·d-1) until VB, and then transferred to 14, 17, 20, 23, or 26 °C under high or low DLI (Expt. 3). In Expt. 4, 'Deep Blue Clips' plants were grown at 14, 17, 20, 23, or 26 °C until VB, and then transferred to constant 20 °C under high or low DLI until flower. Flower size (petal length) was negatively correlated with ADT both before and after VB, while flower bud number was negatively correlated with the ADT only after VB, regardless of DLI. In both experiments, petal length decreased by 0.3 to 0.5 mm per 1 °C increase in ADT before or after VB. Flowers were larger and more numerous under high than under low DLIs after VB, regardless of the DLI before VB.

scholarly journals Modelling tree ring cellulose <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O variations in two temperature-sensitive tree species from North and South America

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1515-1526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliénor Lavergne ◽  
Fabio Gennaretti ◽  
Camille Risi ◽  
Valérie Daux ◽  
Etienne Boucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Nothofagus Pumilio ◽  
Climate Signal ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Two Temperature

Abstract. Oxygen isotopes in tree rings (δ18OTR) are widely used to reconstruct past climates. However, the complexity of climatic and biological processes controlling isotopic fractionation is not yet fully understood. Here, we use the MAIDENiso model to decipher the variability in δ18OTR of two temperature-sensitive species of relevant palaeoclimatological interest (Picea mariana and Nothofagus pumilio) and growing at cold high latitudes in North and South America. In this first modelling study on δ18OTR values in both northeastern Canada (53.86° N) and western Argentina (41.10° S), we specifically aim at (1) evaluating the predictive skill of MAIDENiso to simulate δ18OTR values, (2) identifying the physical processes controlling δ18OTR by mechanistic modelling and (3) defining the origin of the temperature signal recorded in the two species. Although the linear regression models used here to predict daily δ18O of precipitation (δ18OP) may need to be improved in the future, the resulting daily δ18OP values adequately reproduce observed (from weather stations) and simulated (by global circulation model) δ18OP series. The δ18OTR values of the two species are correctly simulated using the δ18OP estimation as MAIDENiso input, although some offset in mean δ18OTR levels is observed for the South American site. For both species, the variability in δ18OTR series is primarily linked to the effect of temperature on isotopic enrichment of the leaf water. We show that MAIDENiso is a powerful tool for investigating isotopic fractionation processes but that the lack of a denser isotope-enabled monitoring network recording oxygen fractionation in the soil–vegetation–atmosphere compartments limits our capacity to decipher the processes at play. This study proves that the eco-physiological modelling of δ18OTR values is necessary to interpret the recorded climate signal more reliably.

Effect of temperature differentials upon reconstitution of embryonic primordia in Ambystoma

Development ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-345
Author(s):  
Jean Piatt
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Ambystoma Maculatum ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Otic Vesicle ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Two Temperature

Eggs of Ambystoma maculatum in early stages of development were separated into two groups and maintained at 5 and 14 °C, respectively. In one series of animals comprising both temperature groups, the right otic vesicle was extirpated at stage 27. In another series the right forelimb disc was extirpated at stage 30. Following operation, animals of both groups were kept at 18 °C. Frequency and extent of reconstitution were compared between the two temperature groups. The 5° group was superior to the 14° group in the number of ears and forelimbs reconstituted. The extent of ear reconstitution and the initial quality of forelimb reconstitution were also superior in the 5° group. Statistical analysis of the data indicates that the difference between the two temperature groups is highly significant in both series. It is concluded that a slower pre-operative rate of development, caused by hypothermia, enhances the regenerative capacity of both ear and forelimb fields in the salamander embryo.

scholarly journals Flower-size Heritability and Floral Heat-shock Tolerance in Diploid Roses

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyin Liang ◽  
Xuan Wu ◽  
David Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Flower Size ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Positive Population

The effect of heat on rose flowers was examined by measuring flower size in 10 diploid rose populations created by crossing the heat-tolerant Texas A&M University (TAMU) breeding lines (M4-4, J06-20-14-3) and sensitive (97/7-2, ‘Red Fairy’, ‘Sweet Chariot’, ‘Vineyard Song’, ‘Old Blush’, and ‘Little Chief’) diploid roses. As expected, the populations and individual seedlings differed in flower size. The heat-shock treatment (1 hour at 44 °C) decreased flower diameter (15.7%), petal number (23.3%), and flower dry weight (16.9%). Flower-size traits had moderately low narrow-sense (0.24, 0.12, and 0.34 for flower diameter, petal number, and flower dry weight, respectively) and moderately high broad-sense (0.62, 0.74, and 0.76 for flower diameter, petal number, and flower dry weight, respectively) heritability indicating important nonadditive genetic effects. If rose genotypes vary in floral heat tolerance, a differential response to heat among populations, seedlings, or both detected statistically by a significant interaction effect would be expected. Both the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the restricted estimated maximum likelihood (REML) analyses showed a positive population × heat stress interaction effect for flower diameter. Although our data indicate differences in floral heat tolerance among the populations and genotypes, the effect was small as compared with the other sources of variation. Thus, using this 1-hour heat-shock approach would not be an effective strategy to select for floral heat tolerance in rose.

Laser Pulse Heating of a Semi-Infinite Solid Based on a Two-Temperature Theory with Temperature Dependence

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 1750008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf M. Zenkour ◽  
Ahmed E. Abouelregal
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Generalized Thermoelasticity ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Laplace Transform Technique ◽  
Phase Lags ◽  
Laser Pulse Heating ◽  
Non Gaussian ◽  
Two Temperature

A two-temperature theory of the generalized thermoelasticity is proposed to study the effect of temperature dependence on a semi-infinite medium. The surface of bounding plane of the medium is under a non-Gaussian laser pulse. Lamé’s coefficients and the thermal conductivity are supposed as temperature-dependent linear functions. The dual-phase-lags (DPLs) theory of the generalized thermoelasticity is applied to treat with the present problem. The analytical solution for different boundary conditions may be deduced by using Laplace transform technique. The numerical results are obtained by using the inverse of Laplace transforms. The comparisons have been graphically presented to show the effects of PLs, temperature discrepancy, laser pulse and laser intensity parameters on field quantities. Also, the results are compared with those obtained from the mechanical and thermal material properties with the temperature independence.

A note on the effect of temperature on the performance of early-weaned pigs

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. McCracken ◽  
B. J. Caldwell ◽  
N. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Satisfactory Performance ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Temperature

ABSTRACTTwo temperature regimes were compared in relation to the growth and feed conversion ratio of groups of cage-reared pigs between 10 and 38 days of age. The treatments were: 27°C at 10 days reducing by 1°C every 4 days to 20°C at 38 days; and 27°C at 10 days reducing by 1°C daily to 20°C at 17 days and then remaining constant. Twelve replicates using 244 pigs were completed, the group size varying between 9 and 12 pigs. The mean growth rates on the two temperature regimes were respectively 234 and 243 g/day, and in both cases feed conversion ratio (kg DM/kg gain) averaged 1·03. It is concluded that temperatures lower than those currently recommended for pigs weaned at 14 to 16 days into controlled-environment houses would support satisfactory performance with direct savings in heating costs under winter conditions.

scholarly journals Modelling tree-ring cellulose δ<sup>18</sup>O variations of two temperature-sensitive tree species from North and South America

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliénor Lavergne ◽  
Fabio Gennaretti ◽  
Camille Risi ◽  
Valérie Daux ◽  
Etienne Boucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Nothofagus Pumilio ◽  
Climate Signal ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Two Temperature

Abstract. Oxygen isotopes in tree-rings (δ18OTR) are widely used to reconstruct past climates. However, the complexity of climatic and biological processes controlling isotopic fractionation is not yet fully understood. Here, we use the MAIDENiso model to decipher the variability of δ18OTR of two temperature-sensitive species of relevant paleoclimatological interest (Picea mariana and Nothofagus pumilio) and growing at cold high-latitudes in North and South America. In this first modelling study on δ18OTR values in both northeastern Canada (53.86° N) and western Argentina (41.10° S), we specifically aim at: (1) evaluating the predictive skill of MAIDENiso to simulate δ18OTR values, (2) identifying the physical processes controlling δ18OTR by mechanistic modelling and, (3) defining the origin of the temperature signal recorded in the two species. Although the linear regression models used here to predict daily δ18O of precipitation (δ18OP) may need to be improved in the future, the resulting daily δ18OP values adequately reproduce observed (from weather stations) and simulated (by global circulation model) δ18OP series. The δ18OTR values of the two species are correctly simulated using the δ18OP estimation as MAIDENiso input, although some offset in mean δ18OTR levels is observed for the South American site. For both species, the variability of δ18OTR series is more likely linked to the effect of temperature on isotopic enrichment of the leaf water rather than on the isotopic composition of the source water. We show that MAIDENiso is a powerful tool for investigating isotopic fractionation processes but that the lack of a denser isotope-enabled monitoring network recording oxygen fractionation in the soil-vegetation-atmosphere compartments limits our capacity to decipher the processes at play. This study proves that the eco-physiological modelling of δ18OTR values is necessary to interpret the recorded climate signal more reliably.

scholarly journals 810 PB 193 EVALUATION OF CATHARANTHUS (VINCA) CULTIVARS FOR THE LANDSCAPE

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 549c-549
Author(s):  
T.K. Howe ◽  
W.E. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Flower Size ◽  
Rose Flower ◽  
Flower Diameter

Nineteen vinca (Catharanthus roseus) cultivars were evaluated for days to flower, flower diameter, flower color, plant dimensions, and appearance during the summer and fall of 1993. Summer: Days from sowing to flower ranged from 58 days for `Pretty in Pink' to 64 days for `Pretty in Rose'. Flower diameter ranged from 4.3 to 5.8 cm for `Orchid Cooler' and `Parasol', respectively. `Parasol' produced the largest flower. The `Carpet' entries (creeping types) were shorter than all others. Appearance ratings were similar among all entries at 85 and 109 days after sowing. Fall: Days from sowing to flower ranged from 51 days for `Grape Cooler' to 58 days for `Tropicana Rose'. Flower diameter ranged from 4.3 to 5.1 cm for `Orchid Cooler' and `Parasol', respectively. `Peppermint Cooler', `Grape Cooler' and `Orchid Cooler' were the only entries with significantly smaller flower size than `Parasol'. Appearance ratings at 109 and 141 days after sowing were similar for all entries, however at 166 days `Dawn Carpet' and `Pink Carpet' had significantly lower ratings than 15 other entries due to frost damage.

scholarly journals The Effect of Temperature on the Hypersensitive Response (HR) in the Brassica napus–Leptosphaeria maculans Pathosystem

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 843
Author(s):  
Cunchun Yang ◽  
Zhongwei Zou ◽  
Wannakuwattewaduge Gerard Dilantha Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Two Temperature ◽  
Incompatible Interactions

Temperature is considered one of the crucial environmental elements in plant pathological interactions, and previous studies have indicated that there is a relationship between temperature change and host–pathogen interactions. The objective of this research is to investigate the link between temperature and the incompatible interactions of the host and pathogen. In this study, two Leptosphaeria maculans isolates (HCRT75 8-1 and HCRT77 7-2) and two Brassica napus genotypes (Surpass400 and 01-23-2-1) were selected. The selected B. napus genotypes displayed intermediate and resistant phenotypes. The inoculated seedlings were tested under three temperature conditions: 16 °C/10 °C, 22 °C/16 °C and 28 °C/22 °C (day/night: 16 h/8 h). Lesion measurements demonstrated that the necrotic lesions from the 28 °C/22 °C treatment were enlarged compared with the other two temperature treatments (i.e., 16 °C/10 °C and 22 °C/16 °C). The results of expression analysis indicated that the three temperature treatments displayed distinct differences in two marker genes (PATHOGENESIS–RELATED (PR) 1 and 2) for plant defense and one temperature-sensitive gene BONZAI 1 (BON1). Additionally, seven dpi at 22 °C/16 °C appeared to be the optimal pre-condition for the induction of PR1 and 2. These findings suggest that B. napus responds to temperature changes when infected with L. maculans.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE UPON SOME OF THE PROPERTIES OF CASEIN

1927 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Pertzoff
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Common Multiple ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Two Temperature

1. The investigations dealing with the properties of casein as an acid were reviewed. 2. The solubility of uncombined casein in water was measured at 5°C. and found to be 0.70±0.1 mg. of N per 100 gm. of water. 3. Robertson's solubility measurements of casein in bases at various temperatures were recalculated and found to agree well with more recent measurements. 4. By combining the observations of several investigators, as well as the author's measurements of the solubility of casein, in base, at various temperatures, the following conclusions were reached: (a) The solubility of casein in base is affected by the temperature in a discontinuous manner. (b) There exist two ranges of temperature, one, extending from about 21° to 37°C. and the other from about 60° to 85°C. where the solubility of casein in base is practically independent of temperature. (c) From 37° to 60° the equivalent combining weight of casein rises from the value 2100 to about 3700 gm. 5. By comparing the values of base bound by 1 gm. of casein at the two temperature ranges with a constant, the value of base necessary to saturate the same amount of casein, it was found that the latter value is a common multiple of the former values, indicating the stoichiometric nature of the effect of temperature.

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