scholarly journals No Effect of Seed Presence or Absence on Sugar Content and Water Status of Seeded and Seedless Watermelon Fruits

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-312
Author(s):  
Sachiko Kawamura ◽  
Kyoko Ida ◽  
Masako Osawa ◽  
Takashi Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Irradiated Pollen ◽  
Seedless Fruits ◽  
Seedless Watermelon ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Osmotic Potentials ◽  
Days After Anthesis

We investigated physiological differences in watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai] fruits among seeded diploid and seedless triploid fruits, N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU)–treated seedless fruits, and soft-X–irradiated pollen-pollinated seedless fruits to investigate the effect of the presence or absence of seeds on water relations and sugar content. We picked fruits at 20 and 40 days after anthesis and sampled flesh at the center, around the seeds, and near the pericarp to measure water status and sugar content. There were no significant differences between seeded and seedless cultivars in sugar contents or in water and osmotic potentials of the flesh, although the latter two were decreased at 40 days. CPPU and soft-X–irradiated pollen eliminated mature seeds, but there were again no significant differences in sugar contents or water status between seeded and seedless fruits. Thus, the presence or absence of seeds did not influence the sugar content or osmotic pressure in watermelon fruit, so sugar accumulation was not related to seeds.

scholarly journals CPPU and BA, with and without Pollination, Affect Set, Growth, and Quality of Muskmelon Fruit

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 868-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hayata ◽  
Y. Niimi ◽  
K. Inoue ◽  
S. Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Seedless Fruits ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Solutions of CPPU and BA were applied to ovaries of melon (Cucumis melo) flowers with or without pollination, and the effects on fruit set, growth, and sugar content were investigated. Treatment with CPPU increased fruit set in both seeded and seedless melons. Even at low concentrations, CPPU had a strong effect on fruit set in the seeded melons. In seedless melons, CPPU induced 100% parthenocarpic fruit set when applied with 10 mg·L–1; lower concentrations were much less effective. Treatment with BA increased fruit set in seeded melons, but was not particularly effective in the absence of pollination. During the first 10 days after anthesis, CPPU promoted fruit growth, but between 8 and 13 days after anthesis, the growth rate was lower than in the controls. Treatment with CPPU had little effect upon soluble solids (SS) levels in seeded fruit. SS content was significantly lower in seedless than in seeded fruit; this difference was larger in the placenta than in the mesocarp. Sucrose levels of both seeded and seedless fruits were consistently higher than glucose and fructose levels. High concentrations of CPPU reduced sucrose levels in the placenta of seedless fruit. These results indicate that seeds play an important role in sugar accumulation and melon fruit growth during later stages of development. Chemical names used: [1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea] (CPPU); 6-benzylaminopurine (BA).

scholarly journals Effects of Night-heating of Fruit on Cell Size and Sucrose Accumulation in the Outer Portion of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Matsum. et Nakai)

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 792-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasutaka Kano ◽  
Youichi Ikeshita ◽  
Yuri Kanamori ◽  
Nobuyuki Fukuoka
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Sucrose Accumulation ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Heating Treatment ◽  
Days After Anthesis

To investigate the effects of night temperature on sugar accumulation in watermelon fruit, fruits were treated with higher nighttime temperature under a greenhouse. The minimum nighttime ambient temperature of the heating box (18 °C) was ≈6 °C higher than that of the control. The heat-treated fruit weighed at the end of heating treatment, 16 days after anthesis (DAA), was greater than that of control, but fruit weight at harvesting, 42 DAA, was almost the same in both treatments. Cells of all portions of the heat-treated fruit at 16 DAA were much larger than those of the control, and cells in the outermost rectangular parallelepipeds (RPs; 15-mm long samples that were serially collected from a 10-mm thick disk along a 10-mm wide strip removed at the maximum transverse diameter of the fruit) of the heat-treated fruit were 80 μm or more larger than those of the control. At 16 DAA, the number of RPs with sucrose contents of 2 g·L−1 or more were six and nine in control and heat-treated fruit, respectively. At 42 DAA, content in the outer RPs of the heat-treated fruit was greater than that in the outer RPs of the control. The number of RPs with sucrose contents of 40 g·L−1 or more was five in the control and 11 in heat-treated fruit. Mean sucrose, glucose, and fructose in fruit at 16 DAA did not differ in the treated fruit from the control. However, the sucrose content of heat-treated fruit was 32% higher than that of the control at 42 DAA. Glucose and fructose content were lower in heat-treated fruit than in the control.

scholarly journals Sugar Accumulation Enhanced by Osmoregulation in Satsuma Mandarin Fruit

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Yakushiji ◽  
Hiroshi Nonami ◽  
Toshio Fukuyama ◽  
Sukeyuki Ono ◽  
Nobuo Takagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Satsuma Mandarin ◽  
Response To Water

The effect of water stress induced to enhance sugar accumulation in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) fruit was investigated. Satsuma mandarin trees were subjected to water stress using mulch cultivation from late August to early December. In mulch treatment, soil was covered with double-layered plastic sheets that prevented rainfall from permeating the soil, but allowed water from soil to evaporate. The water status of soil, fine roots, pericarps, and juice vesicles was determined using the isopiestic psychrometer. As the severity of water stress increased, both water potential and osmotic potential of fine roots and pericarps significantly decreased in plants grown under mulch cultivation compared to well-watered trees. Although water potential and osmotic potential decreased, turgor of both roots and pericarps of the water stressed trees did not decrease under water stress conditions. Because turgor was maintained, osmoregulation occurred in Satsuma mandarin trees in response to water stress. The osmotic potential of juice vesicles in water-stressed fruit gradually decreased, and sugars accumulated in vesicle cells. Concentrations of sucrose, fructose, and glucose increased in fruit sap under water stress, and the acidity in the fruit juice increased. Furthermore, the total sugar content per fruit of water stressed trees was significantly higher than in fruit of well-watered trees. These results suggest that sugar accumulation in Satsuma mandarin fruit was not caused by dehydration under water stress but rather that sugars were accumulated by active osmoregulation in response to water stress. When sugar components in osmoregulated fruit were analyzed, it was found that monosaccharides, i.e., glucose and fructose, were largely responsible for active osmoregulation in fruit under water stress conditions.

Induction of parthenocarpy in watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus ) cultivars by gamma irradiation

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Moussa ◽  
A. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Egg Cell ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Seedless Fruit ◽  
Seedless Watermelon ◽  
Empty Seeds

It was found that diploid seedless watermelon can be produced by pollination with partially functional pollen which was irradiated with gamma rays at doses of 600 and 800 Gray (Gy). The diploid seedless fruit was very similar to normal fruit in days to maturity from pollination and rate of fruit set. The number of empty seeds in the diploid seedless fruit varied for the cultivars used in this study. No correlation was found between the number of empty seeds in seedless fruit and the number of normal seeds in normal fruit. Also, the results indicated that seedless watermelon cultivars have a significant increase in total sugar and carotenoids (lycopene and β-carotene) content, providing an important source of phytonutrients in the diet. The pollen tube of pollen irradiated with gamma radiation penetrated normally into the synergid and sperm cells were discharged. Subsequently, the egg nucleus and sperm nucleus became attached to each other in the egg cell and a globular embryo was formed. However, the embryo failed to differentiate into organ tissues and degenerated. It was suggested that seedless fruit induced by gamma rays had a beneficial effect in increasing the quantity and quality of watermelon yield via increases in the carotenoid, total sugar content and fruit weight. Also, in some cultivars there was a tendency for the thickness of the rind to decrease.

scholarly journals Evolutionary gain of oligosaccharide hydrolysis and sugar transport enhanced carbohydrate partitioning in sweet watermelon fruits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ren ◽  
Maoying Li ◽  
Shaogui Guo ◽  
Honghe Sun ◽  
Jianyu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Carbohydrate Partitioning ◽  
A Genome

Abstract How raffinose (Raf) family oligosaccharides, the major translocated sugars in the vascular bundle in cucurbits, are hydrolyzed and subsequently partitioned has not been fully elucidated. By performing reciprocal grafting of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) fruits to branch stems, we observed that Raf was hydrolyzed in the fruit of cultivar watermelons but was backlogged in the fruit of wild ancestor species. Through a genome-wide association study, the alkaline alpha-galactosidase ClAGA2 was identified as the key factor controlling stachyose and Raf hydrolysis, and it was determined to be specifically expressed in the vascular bundle. Analysis of transgenic plants confirmed that ClAGA2 controls fruit Raf hydrolysis and reduces sugar content in fruits. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the ClAGA2 promoter affect the recruitment of the transcription factor ClNF-YC2 (nuclear transcription factor Y subunit C) to regulate ClAGA2 expression. Moreover, this study demonstrates that C. lanatus Sugars Will Eventually Be Exported Transporter 3 (ClSWEET3) and Tonoplast Sugar Transporter (ClTST2) participate in plasma membrane sugar transport and sugar storage in fruit cell vacuoles, respectively. Knocking out ClAGA2, ClSWEET3, and ClTST2 affected fruit sugar accumulation. Genomic signatures indicate that the selection of ClAGA2, ClSWEET3, and ClTST2 for carbohydrate partitioning led to the derivation of modern sweet watermelon from non-sweet ancestors during domestication.

scholarly journals Investigation of the cause of reduced sugar content in Kiyomi tangor fruit of Ziyang xiangcheng (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) rootstock

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiantian Dong ◽  
Bo Xiong ◽  
Shengjia Huang ◽  
Ling Liao ◽  
Xia Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Sucrose Metabolism ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Citrus Junos ◽  
Metabolism Enzyme ◽  
Days After Anthesis

AbstractZiyang xiangcheng (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) (Cj) rootstock is effective in Citrus production; however, when Cj rootstock was used, sugar content in Kiyomi tangor fruit was significantly lower than that in the fruit produced using Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. rootstock (Pt). Therefore, using K. tangor, we explored the cause of this difference, determining sugar accumulation, sucrose-metabolism enzyme activities, and gene expression. Before ripening, sugar content in fruits with Cj rootstock was significantly lower than that in fruits with Pt rootstock, due to low fructose and sucrose content. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity of Pt was higher than that of Cj in the early growth stage (at 90–210 days after anthesis), however it was opposite at 240–300 days after anthesis. Additionally, neutral invertase (NI) activity of Pt was higher than that of Cj. Gene expression in Pt was higher than that in Cj, but is was essentially the same at maturity. SPS and NI activities and CitSPS1 expression were positively correlated with sucrose, fructose, and glucose content, but CSCW1 expression was negatively correlated with the sugars. Overall, the weak flavour of K. tangor fruit with Cj rootstock was regulated by the sucrose metabolism-related enzymes and gene expression.

POLLEN STORAGE FOR PRODUCTION OF SEEDLESS WATERMELON (CITRULLUS LANATUS) USING SOFT-X-IRRADIATED POLLEN

2002 ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sugiyama ◽  
Y. Sakata ◽  
E. Kitadani ◽  
M. Morishita ◽  
K. Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Pollen Storage ◽  
Irradiated Pollen ◽  
Seedless Watermelon

Susceptibility to root tip breakage increases storage losses of sugar beet genotypes

2016 ◽  
pp. 625-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Hoffmann ◽  
Katharina Schnepel
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Sugar Loss

Good storability of sugar beet is of increasing importance, not only to reduce sugar losses, but also with regard to maintaining the processing quality. Genotypic differences are found in storage losses. However, it is not clear to which extent damage may contribute to the genotypic response. The aim of the study was to quantify the effect of root tip breakage on storage losses of different genotypes. For that purpose, in 2012 and 2013, six sugar beet genotypes were grown in field trials at two locations. After lifting roots were damaged with a cleaning device. They were stored for 8 and 12 weeks, either under controlled conditions in a climate container at constant 8°C, or under ambient temperature in an outdoor clamp. The close correlation underlines that storage losses under controlled conditions (constant temperature) can well be transferred to conditions in practice with fluctuating temperature. The strongest impact on invert sugar accumulation and sugar loss after storage resulted from storage time, followed by damage and growing environment (year × growing site). Cleaning reduced soil tare but increased root tip breakage, in particular for genotypes with low marc content. During storage, pathogen infestation and invert sugar content of the genotypes increased with root tip breakage, but the level differed between growing environments. Sugar loss was closely related to invert sugar accumulation for all treatments, genotypes and environments. Hence, it can be concluded that root tip breakage contributes considerably to storage losses of sugar beet genotypes, and evidently genotypes show a different susceptibility to root tip breakage which is related to their marc content. For long-term storage it is therefore of particular importance to avoid damage during the harvest operations and furthermore, to have genotypes with high storability and low susceptibility to damage.

scholarly journals Sugar accumulation in winter wheat crops depending on the sowing dates

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
S. I. Anosov ◽  
A. S. Surnachev ◽  
K. K. Musinov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Growing Conditions

The object of the research was to study the influence of sowing dates on sugar accumulation in different varieties of soft winter wheat. Less winterhardy variety of soft winter wheat Novosibirskaya 2 was compared with more winter-hardy ones Novosibirskaya 3, Novosibirskaya 40 and Krasnoobskaya ozimaya. The research was carried out in 2016-2018 inthe established experimental plot in the foreststeppe of Priobye, theObregion. The predecessor was bare fallow. The planting dates were August 20, September 1, September 10. Weather conditions of the autumn growing season, during which the accumulation of sugars occurs, differed significantly depending on the year of study and the sowing dates. The warmest conditions were in 2018, whereas the coolest – in 2017. The amount of accumulated sugars varied depending on the growing conditions and genotypic characteristics of varieties. The highest amount of sugars was accumulated by all varieties during the third term of planting, the lowest amount – during the second term. Lower air temperatures contributed to the increase in the amount of sugars, even when the duration of their accumulation period was shortened, which can be explained by a change in carbohydrate balance in crops when the accumulation of sugars is greater than their consumption for crop respiration. The genotype plays an important role in the carbohydrate metabolism of plants. In more winter-hardy varieties (Novosibirskaya 40, Novosibirskaya 3), the change in the amount of accumulated sugars in contrasting conditions ranged insignificantly (the coefficient of variation was 9.1 and 8.7%, respectively). At the same time, plants of the less winter-hardy variety of Novosibirskaya 2 showed a significantly greater variation in the sugar content under similar conditions (the coefficient of variation 24.7%). Cooler conditions of a later term of sowing contributed to the greatest amount of accumulated sugars. Varietal differences also determined changes in carbohydrate balance.

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