scholarly journals Host Range of a California Sting Nematode Population

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1276-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bekal ◽  
J.O. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Restriction Pattern ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Belonolaimus Longicaudatus ◽  
Host Status ◽  
California Population ◽  
Reproduction Factor

Recently, sting nematodes were discovered associated with dying turfgrass in several golf courses in Coachella Valley, Calif. Based on their morphology and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA restriction pattern, the pests were identified as Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau. This study was undertaken to determine the host status of 60 different plant species and cultivars for a California population of B. longicaudatus. The host range tests were conducted under greenhouse conditions at 25 ± 2 °C and ambient light. At the second-leaf stage, each pot was infested with 55 ± 12 adults or fourth-stage juveniles per 150 g of blow sand. The population densities determined after 7 weeks of incubation qualified >80% of the plants tested as good hosts with a reproduction factor (Rf = Pf/Pi) > 4. The majority of those were grasses, although reproduction was best on Gossypium hirsutum L. with Rf = 58.6. While Capsicum annuum L., Medicago sativa L., Arachis hypogaea L., Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm., Cucumis sativus L., and Daucus carota L. were less suitable host plants with Rf < 4, only Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, Citrullus lanatus Thunb., and Nicotiana tabacum L. were nonhosts among the tested species. This sting nematode population had a high reproductive fitness on a majority of species tested and must be considered a major threat for most agricultural and horticultural crops grown in sandy soils.

Host status and phenotypic diversity of rice genotypes in relation to Pratylenchus brachyurus resistance

Nematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Fabio Biela ◽  
Claudia Regina Dias-Arieira ◽  
Andressa Cristina Zamboni Machado ◽  
Simone de Melo Santana-Gomes ◽  
Michelly Ragazzi Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Reproduction Factor ◽  
Control Genotype

The aim of this study was to assess the susceptibility of rice genotypes toPratylenchus brachyurusand investigate the inheritance of resistance in the crop. Two experiments were conducted under controlled conditions, using naturally infested soil. Twenty-six rice genotypes were assessed, with maize used to show the susceptibility pattern. The maize was cultivated for 90 days and the initial nematode population was determined. Then, rice genotypes were cultivated, and the final nematode population and the reproduction factor (RF) were estimated 90 days after germination. All genotypes were susceptible toP. brachyurusin the two experiments but only one showed statistical differences, indicating variation in susceptibility, and genotypes Linhagem L03-107 and Cateto Amarelo scored higher than the control genotype, with RF of 8.80 and 9.48, respectively. Inheritance of resistance was poorly influenced by genotype genetics. Cluster analysis allowed the identification of five different groups of genotypes but there was low genetic variability among the genotypes.

Chaetomium strumarium. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Horticultural Crops

Abstract C. strumarium is described and illustrated. Information on diseases caused by C. strumarium, host range (field and horticultural crops, trees, dung, man and artefacts), geographical distribution (Algeria, Canary Islands, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Gambia, Kenya, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, USA, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, Western Australia, Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Cyprus, Israel, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia), and transmission is provided.

scholarly journals Uncovering the Host Range for Maize Pathogen Magnaporthiopsis maydis

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dor ◽  
Degani
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Fungal Dna ◽  
Shoot Weight

The fungus Magnaporthiopsis maydis is a soil-borne, seed-borne vascular wilt pathogen that causes severe damage to sensitive Zea mays L. (maize) hybrids throughout Egypt, Israel, India, Spain, and other countries. It can undergo virulence variations and survive as spores, sclerotia, or mycelia on plant residues. Maize, Lupinus termis L. (lupine) and Gossypium hirsutum L. (cotton) are the only known hosts of M. maydis. Identification of new plant hosts that can assist in the survival of the pathogen is an essential step in restricting disease outbreak and spread. Here, by field survey and growth chamber pathogenicity test, accompanied by real-time PCR analysis, the presence of the fungal DNA inside the roots of cotton (Pima cv.) plants was confirmed in infested soil. Moreover, we identified M. maydis in Setaria viridis (green foxtail) and Citrullus lanatus (watermelon, Malali cv.). Infected watermelon sprouts had delayed emergence and development, were shorter, and had reduced root and shoot biomass. M. maydis infection also affected root biomass and phenological development of cotton plants but caused only mild symptoms in green foxtail. No M. maydis DNA was detected in Hordeum vulgare (barley, Noga cv.) and the plants showed no disease symptoms except for reduced shoot weight. These findings are an important step towards uncovering the host range and endophytic behavior of M. maydis, encouraging expanding this evaluation to other plant species.

Host suitability of Rosa accessions for Pratylenchus penetrans

Nematology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
Maurice Moens ◽  
Yunliang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Host Development

AbstractA method for screening Rosa accessions for their host suitability to Pratylenchus penetrans was developed. The best conditions were obtained in growth chambers with plants grown in sand, inoculated with 250 P.penetrans per 50 cm3 pot and fertilised weekly with 0.75 g/dm3 soluble fertiliser (containing 20% N, 20% P2O5, 20% K2O and balanced trace elements). Fifty days after nematode inoculation, these conditions permitted greater nematode multiplication than any other combination tested and also allowed good host development. When used for the screening of 21 Rosa accessions, these conditions revealed a large variation in host suitability. Least multiplication (Pf/Pi) was observed on R. virginiana (1.36) but this did not differ significantly from that on R. multiflora (2.87). The greatest Pf/Pi was on R. canina cv. Superba but this did not differ significantly from that on R. canina cv. Pollmeriana. The correlation of Pf/Pi with the nematode population and the number of eggs within the roots was significant; the percentage of nematodes outside roots was negatively correlated with Pf/Pi. The intermediate host status of R. corymbifera cv. Laxa, one of the most common rootstocks, was confirmed. Differences in host status became statistically significant when intra-accession variation was observed with a larger number of plants.

Infectivity and reproduction of Scutellonema bradys on weeds and cultivated plant species

Nematology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
Darcilúcia Oliveira do Carmo ◽  
Nailson Santos de Almeida ◽  
Jorge Teodoro de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Trap Plants ◽  
Heliotropium Indicum ◽  
Relative Infectivity ◽  
Reproduction Factor

The nematode Scutellonema bradys is the main phytosanitary problem of yam (Dioscorea rotundata) in the Brazilian State of Bahia. Little is known about the host range of this nematode in Brazil, especially on weeds and plant species cultivated together with yam. This study aimed at evaluating different plant species to determine their host status to S. bradys and to study the relative infectivity of different stages of the nematode on selected host plants. Among the 48 evaluated plant species, 12 were infected by S. bradys. Yam was considered to be the only good host of the nematode, while Luffa algyptiaca, Momordica charantia, Heliotropium indicum, Vigna unguiculata, Cucurbita pepo, Abelmoschus esculentus, Sicana odorifera, Solanum lycopersicum and Ipomoea batatas were classified as bad hosts because of the relatively low reproduction factor as compared to yam. Crotalaria juncea and Cajanus cajan behaved as trap plants because large numbers of S. bradys penetrated their roots but populations decreased over time. Our results showed that juveniles are more infective than females and these are more infective than males on roots of five host plants. We also demonstrated that S. bradys prefers certain host plants as inferred by their lower reproduction on roots of these hosts. Penetration of juveniles tended to be spread over 16 days after inoculation, whereas for adults it was more concentrated at 8 days after inoculation. These results may be important to plan crop rotation schemes to control the yam nematode.

scholarly journals Population Dynamics of the Sting Nematode in California Turfgrass

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1081-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Bekal ◽  
J. Ole Becker
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Sampling Area ◽  
Coachella Valley ◽  
Belonolaimus Longicaudatus ◽  
Country Club ◽  
Desert Island

Population densities of Belonolaimus longicaudatus were monitored at monthly intervals at the Tamarisk country club golf course (1993 to 1994) and at the Annenburg Estates and Desert Island golf courses (1998). All three courses are located at Rancho Mirage, Coachella Valley, CA. The bermuda grass in the sampling area typically exhibited chlorosis at the beginning of April when the sting nematode populations began to increase. At the Tamarisk golf course, population density peaked in October, with 1,000 nematodes per 100 cm3 of soil, but declined rapidly, with the lowest population density occurring in December with approximately 50 nematodes per 100 cm3 of soil. At the Annenburg Estates and Desert Island golf courses, the nematode population densities peaked in June and July but declined rapidly to less than half of that density, presumably because of B. longicaudatus-caused host decline. Soil temperature and fluctuation of nematode densities were significantly correlated at all locations. Nematode distribution was greatest in the top 15 cm of soil except during the hottest summer months, when the population was higher at depths of 15 to 30 cm.

scholarly journals Race 3, a New and Highly Virulent Race of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum Causing Fusarium Wilt in Watermelon

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. G. Zhou ◽  
K. L. Everts ◽  
B. D. Bruton
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Reference Isolate ◽  
New Race ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Highly Virulent

Three races (0, 1, and 2) of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum have been previously described in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) based on their ability to cause disease on differential watermelon genotypes. Four isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum collected from wilted watermelon plants or infested soil in Maryland, along with reference isolates of races 0, 1, and 2, were compared for virulence, host range, and vegetative compatibility. Race identification was made on the watermelon differentials Sugar Baby, Charleston Gray, Dixielee, Calhoun Gray, and PI-296341-FR using a root-dip, tray-dip, or pipette inoculation method. All four Maryland isolates were highly virulent, causing 78 to 100% wilt on all differentials, one of which was PI-296341-FR, considered highly resistant to race 2. The isolates also produced significantly greater colonization in the lower stems of PI-296341-FR than a standard race 2 reference isolate. In field microplots, two of the isolates caused over 90% wilt on PI-296341-FR, whereas no disease was caused by a race 2 isolate. All four isolates were nonpathogenic on muskmelon, cucumber, pumpkin, and squash, confirming their host specific pathogenicity to watermelon. The Maryland isolates were vegetatively compatible to each other but not compatible with the race 2 isolates evaluated, indicating their genetic difference from race 2. This study proposes that the Maryland isolates belong to a new race, race 3, the most virulent race of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum described to date.

A Dutch contribution to knowledge on phytosanitary risk and host status of various crops for Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden et al., 1980 and M. fallax Karssen, 1996: an overview

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loes den Nijs ◽  
Henk Brinkman ◽  
Anton van der Sommen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Commercial Product ◽  
Meloidogyne Chitwoodi ◽  
Arable Crops ◽  
Separate Table ◽  
Host Status

Abstract The results of experiments, performed in The Netherlands during the last decade, on the host range of Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax are presented and discussed. Opinions are expressed on the host status of the tested plants and the phytosanitary status of the commercial product (defined as that part of the plant that enters trade) separately, as interest for both categories may differ. Information for each category is given for a variety of plants such as vegetables, arable crops, flowering bulbs and plants, and ornamental plants and trees. Data obtained from glasshouse experiments are given in a separate table. Many plants are a good host for one or both nematode species, and the commercial product, such as some bulbs and potatoes, might form a phytosanitary risk as a carrier of the juveniles inside the product, this risk being increased when that commercial product has roots.

Expansion of the Host Range of Impatiens necrotic spot virus to Peppers

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayapati A. Naidu ◽  
Carl M. Deom ◽  
John L. Sherwood
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus ◽  
Necrotic Spot ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
The U.S

This study reports the occurrence of Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) on pepper under greenhouse conditions. In recent years, INSV has been detected in crops like peanut, tobacco, and potato as well as several weed species. Because INSV is vectored by western flower thrips and tobacco thrips, its expanding host range could make it an economically important problem in agricultural and horticultural crops in the U.S. Accepted for publication 11 July 2005. Published 27 July 2005.

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