scholarly journals Relationship between Trichoderma Soil Populations and Strawberry Fruit Production in Previously Fumigated Soils

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1400-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. de los Santos ◽  
C. Barrau ◽  
C. Blanco ◽  
F. Arroyo ◽  
M. Porras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Selective Media

Several preplant soil fumigation treatments were repeated over a period of three years on strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duchesne) crops, at two different places in the province of Huelva (southwestern Spain). The influence of these treatments on Trichoderma soil populations and on populations of soilborne pathogens was examined every year by isolating soil onto selective media. No strawberry pathogens were detected but Trichoderma soil populations increased each year after the treatment. Significant differences were noted between the treatments and also compared to the control. The largest populations were observed after treatments with methyl bromide and chloropicrin, and so resulting in a higher production. Chemical name used: trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin).

scholarly journals Strawberries at the Crossroads: Management of Soilborne Diseases in California Without Methyl Bromide

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 956-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald J. Holmes ◽  
Seyed Mojtaba Mansouripour ◽  
Shashika S. Hewavitharana
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Soilborne Diseases ◽  
Strawberry Industry ◽  
Phase Out ◽  
Strawberry Breeding ◽  
The Impact

Strawberry production has historically been affected by soilborne diseases such as Verticillium wilt. This disease was a major limiting factor in strawberry production in California in the 1950s and was the main reason that preplant soil fumigation with methyl bromide (MB) was developed in the late 1950s. MB fumigation was so successful that over 90% of the commercial strawberry fruit production in California utilized this technique. However, MB was subsequently linked to ozone depletion, and its use was phased out in 2005. The California strawberry industry was awarded exemption to the full phase-out until 2016, when all MB use in strawberry fruit production was prohibited. MB use continues in strawberry nurseries under an exemption to prevent spread of nematodes and diseases on planting stock. This review examines the impact of the MB phase-out on the California strawberry industry and evaluates the outlook for the industry in the absence of one of the most effective tools for managing soilborne diseases. New soilborne diseases have emerged, and historically important soilborne diseases have reemerged. Registration of new fumigants has been difficult and replacement of MB with a new and effective alternative is unlikely in the foreseeable future. Thus, crop losses due to soilborne diseases are likely to increase. Host plant resistance to soilborne diseases has become a top priority for strawberry breeding programs, and cultivars are increasingly selected for their resistance to soilborne diseases. The intelligent integration of a variety of management tactics is necessary to sustain strawberry production in California.

Determination of the growth potential of strawberry plants (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) by morphological and nucleotide measurements in relation to chilling

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Robert ◽  
Gilles Pétel ◽  
Georgette Risser ◽  
Michel Gendraud
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Strawberry Plant ◽  
Before And After

Early strawberry fruit production requires that non-dormant strawberry plants be covered during winter. Two methods were used to study the breaking of dormancy of Elsanta strawberry plants following chilling at temperatures below 8 °C. First, a morphological test using the petiole lengths of plants transferred from a nursery to a growth chamber was used. Second, the nucleotide contents before and after incubation of samples in an adenosine solution were measured by bioluminescence. The results show that these two methods can reveal changes in the growth potential of strawberry plants, and, therefore, the release from dormancy. Key words: Dormancy, strawberry plant, nucleotide, growth potential, Fragaria

scholarly journals 169 NURSERY SOIL FUMIGATION TREATMENT, STOLON PRODUCTION, AND SUBSEQUENT GROWTH OF STRAWBERRY PLANTS IN CALIFORNIA

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 453b-453
Author(s):  
Kirk D. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Standard Soil ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Phase Out

Replant soil fumigation with mixtures of methyl bromide (MeBr) and chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane) is a standard practice for pest and disease control in fruit crop nurseries in California. The proposed phase-out of MeBr by the year 2001 requires that alternative soil sterilants be studied for nursery use. Therefore, on 5 April, 1993, three preplant soil treatments were applied to new strawberry ground: 1) MeBr/chloropicrin (67:33) at 392 kg/ha: 2) chloropicrin, a possible MeBr substitute. at 140 kg/ha: and 3) nonfumigation. The experimental design was a RCB: there were two plots (each 10′ × 15′) for each of two cultivars (`Chandler' and `Selva') for the 3 soil treatments in each of 3 blocks. Mother plants were planted 26 April, and plots were machine-harvested in October, 1993. All plants from each plot were uniformly graded, after which mean stolon yield per mother plant, mean crown diameters, and crown and root dry wts were determined. Cultivar effects and cultivar × treatment interactions were not observed, so data for the two cultivars were pooled. Stolon production per mother plant was greatest for trt 1 (18.56 stolons), intermediate for trt 2 (15.75 stolons), and least form 3 (7.89 stolons). For trt 3, crown dieters. and crown and root dry wts were reduced relative to those of trts 1 or 2. Stolons from all trts were planted in a fruit production field on 13 October, 1993. After two months, canopy diameters were greatest for plants from trt 1 (27.1 cm), intermediate for plants from trt 2 (26.2 cm) and least for plants from trt 3 (24.9 cm). The results indicate that, compared to standard soil fumigation with MeBr/chloropicrin. small, but significant, reductions in runner production and plant vigor can be expected following nursery soil fumigation with intermediate rates of chloropicrin.

scholarly journals Yield and Dry Matter Partitioning of Strawberry Plants Grown with Three Preplant Soil Fumigation Treatments

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 781A-781
Author(s):  
Kirk D. Larson ◽  
Douglas V. Shaw ◽  
Jerry Sterrett
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Metam Sodium

Three preplant soil fumigation treatments were applied to a strawberry fruit production field in Summer 1993: 1) a mixture of 67 methyl bromide: 33 chloropicrin (wt/wt, 392 kg·ha–1) (MBC); 2) chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane, 336 kg·ha–1) followed by metam sodium (935 liters·ha–1) CMS); and 3) nonfumigation (NF). Bare-rooted `Camarosa' strawberry plants were established in each treatment on 1 Nov. in annual hill culture. Plant mortality was <1%; thus, differences in growth and productivity among treatments were due to sublethal effects of competitive soil organisms. Fruit yields were recorded weekly from 14 Jan. to 23 May 1994. For the NF treatment, early season (January–March), late season (April–May), and total yields were 86%, 69%, and 72%, respectively, of those of the MBC treatment. Early season yields were greatest for the MBC treatment, but late and total yields were greatest for the CMS treatment. From Jan. through May 1994, 20 plants were destructively harvested from each treatment at about monthly intervals for determination of leaf (LDW), crown (CDW), and root dry weight (RDW). For a given date, LDW, CDW, and RDW of plants in the MBC and CMS treatments were greater than those of the NF plants. From January to March, plants in the NF treatment allocated a proportionally greater amount of dry matter to roots, and proportionally less dry matter to crowns and leaves than fumigated plants. In April and May, root: shoot ratios were similar for all three treatments. These data demonstrate the marked influence of soil fumigation treatment on yield and dry matter partitioning of strawberry, and suggest that combinations of chloropicrin and metam sodium may be a viable, albeit expensive, alternative to fumigation with methyl bromide.

scholarly journals Cultivation Conditions Change Aroma Volatiles of Strawberry Fruit

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Yunduan Li ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Xincheng Liu ◽  
Yuwei Xiao ◽  
Zuying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Aroma Volatiles ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

Volatile compounds principally contribute to flavor of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruit. Besides to genetics, cultivation conditions play an important role in fruit volatile formation. Compared to soil culture as control, effects of substrate culture on volatile compounds of two strawberry cultivars (‘Amaou’ and ‘Yuexin’) were investigated. GC-MS analysis revealed significant difference in volatile contents of ‘Amaou’ strawberry caused by substrate culture. No significant effect was observed for cultivar ‘Yuexin’. For ‘Amaou’ strawberry from soil culture produced higher volatile contents compared with substrate culture. This difference is contributed by high contents of esters, lactones, ketones, aldehydes, terpenes, hydrocarbons, acids, furans and phenols in ‘Amaou’ strawberry fruit from soil culture. Furanones, beta-linalool, trans-Nerolidol and esters are major contributor to strawberry aroma, whose contents are higher in soil culture planted fruit when compared to substrate culture. Moreover, strawberry fruit from soil culture had higher transcripts related to volatile biosynthesis were observed, including FaQR, FaOMT, FaNES1, FaSAAT and FaAAT2.

Interaction of Meloidogyne hapla and Verticillium dahliae, and the chemical control of wilt in strawberry

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Meagher ◽  
PT Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Methyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae Kleb

In a field experiment with strawberries, pre-plant treatments with broad-spectrum fumigants methyl bromide-chloropicrin (450 kg/ha) or methyl isothiocyanate-dichloropropene (500 l/ha) (and 300 l/ha) controlled wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb and resulted in increased yields. Soil fumigation with the nematicide ethylene dibromidz (105 l/ha) also improved yields. It controlled the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood), delayed the onset of wilt symptoms and reduced the severity of disease. This indicated a nematode-fungus interaction and is the first report of a Meloidogyne-Verticillium interaction in strawberry.

PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CHLOROPHYLLASE FROM STRAWBERRY FRUIT (FRAGARIA ANANASSA, DUCH.)

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO ADOLFO MARTINEZ ◽  
PEDRO MARCOS CIVELLO ◽  
ALICIA RAQUEL CHAVES ◽  
MARÍA CRISTINA AÑÓN
Keyword(s):  
Partial Characterization ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Strawberry Fruit

Effect of ryegrass root residues, knockdown herbicides, and fungicides on the emergence of barley in sandy soils

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM Blowes
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Possible Cause

Poor seedling emergence of 30 000 ha of winter crops occurred in Western Australia in 1984 after herbicides were used to kill weeds prior to sowing. In pot experiments to determine the possible cause(s), the emergence of barley seedlings was reduced by the presence of both herbicide treated and untreated ryegrass root residues in the soil. Fumigation of the soil with methy1 bromide or the application of a fungicide soil drench restored seedling emergence in the presence of ryegrass root residues, but benomyl drench was less effective than methyl bromide fumigant or furalaxyl soil drench. The effects of the residue, fumigant and furalaxyl were consistent in the 3 soils used but soif type affected the severity of the problem. In the presence of ryegrass root residues, Pythim species colonised the large roots and subsurface hypocotyl of barley seedlings. Metalaxyl seed dressing reduced the colonisation of barley seedlings by Pythim species and restored seedling emergence.

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