scholarly journals Radish (Raphanus sativus) as a Model System for the Study of Soil Moisture Effects on the Glucosinolate-myrosinase Complex

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 896A-896
Author(s):  
T.J.K. Radovich* ◽  
J.G. Streeter ◽  
P.P. Ling ◽  
M.D. Kleinhenz
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Moisture Effects ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
Development Center ◽  
Myrosinase Activity ◽  
Abiotic Environmental Factors

Clarifying the influence of abiotic environmental factors on the glucosinolate-myrosinase complex in vegetables of the Brassicaceae is an important step in understanding physiological processes that affect crop quality. Previous related work in this lab has shown that irrigation timing in the field may influence physical-, chemical- and sensory-based indicators of cabbage quality. The objective of this study was to record glucosinolate concentrations and myrosinase activity in crop tissues from plants subjected to varying soil moisture levels, employing radish as a model. Plants of cv. Belle Glade were grown in a controlled environment system designed at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center in Wooster, Ohio for maintenance of target soil moisture levels. Pots were maintained at three soil moisture ranges, 40% to 60% (A), 20% to 30% (B) and 10% to 20% (C) volumetric soil moisture content at 30 °C. Preliminary observations revealed that treatments A, B and C corresponded to soil tensions which were not stressful, moderately stressful, and severely stressful to plants, respectively. Pot evapotranspiration, leaf stomatal conductance and plant size followed the order A>B>C, while canopy temperatures followed the order C>B>A. In leaves, glucosinolate concentrations and myrosinase activity were about 15% greater in treatments B and C than in A, while glucosinolate levels and myrosinase activity were 28 and 50% lower in hypocotyls and roots, respectively, in C than in A. It is hypothesized that changes in enzyme and substrate synthesis and translocation within the plant in response to sub-optimal soil moisture levels may explain the differential response of tissue glucosinolate concentrations and myrosinase activity to soil moisture treatments.

scholarly journals Glucosinolate Concentrations in Differentially Irrigated Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L., Capitata Group)

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 852D-853
Author(s):  
T.J.K. Radovich ◽  
M.D. Kleinhenz* ◽  
J.G. Streeter
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Head Development ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Block Time ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
Irrigation Effects ◽  
Development Center

Glucosinolates are secondary plant products of the Brassicaceae that may influence vegetable flavor and human health. Soil moisture levels and plant water status are thought to influence cabbage head glucosinolate levels. However, no information is available on the effect of irrigation timing relative to plant developmental stage on glucosinolate concentrations in cabbage. To address these gaps in the literature, cabbage (cv. Bravo) was grown in 2002 and 2003 at The Ohio State Univ., Ohio Agricultural Research and development Center in Wooster, Ohio. The four irrigation treatments, arranged in a RCB design, were: 1) irrigation throughout development [no stress (NS)], 2) irrigation only during head development [frame stress (FS)], 3) irrigation only during frame development [head stress (HS)], and 4) no irrigation [frame and head stress (FHS)]. Irrigation was supplied via drip tape and scheduled by the hand-feel method. Differential soil moisture levels among treatments were confirmed with gypsum block, time domain reflectometry (TDR) and gravimetric measurements. Analyzed across years, irrigation timing significantly affected total glucosinolate concentrations, with levels 36% greater in cabbage not irrigated during head development (HS, FHS) relative to cabbage receiving irrigation during head development (NS, FS). Concentrations were highest (29.4 mmol·kg-1) and lowest (19.4 mmol·kg-1) in FHS and FS cabbage, respectively. Irrigation effects were greater in 2002, when air temperatures were higher and rainfall and relative humidity lower than in 2003. We conclude from the data that head development is the critical stage at which irrigation should be applied in order to influence cabbage glucosinolate levels at maturity.

scholarly journals Variable Reaction of Tomato Lines to Bacterial Wilt Evaluated at Several Locations in Southeast Asia

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Hanson ◽  
Jaw-Fen Wang ◽  
Olivia Licardo ◽  
Shook Ying Mah ◽  
Glen L. Hartman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Inoculation Method ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Disease Pressure ◽  
Development Center

Bacterial wilt (BW), caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum E.F. Smith, is one of the most destructive disease of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in the tropics. Twenty tomato lines/accessions previously identified as BW-resistant were evaluated for BW reaction in fields providing high disease pressure at Subang, Indonesia; Los Baños, Philippines; Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Kuala Lumpur; Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC), Taiwan; and Taiwan Seed Improvement and Propagation Service (TSIPS). Entries also were tested in the greenhouse at the AVRDC with a P. solanacearum strain from Taiwan (Pss4) using a drench inoculation method. Objectives of the study were to identify stable sources of BW resistance for southeast Asian tomato breeding programs, and to determine the correlation between field and greenhouse reactions. Mean entry survival was 21.6% at Subang, 31.9% at Los Baños, 76.7% at the AVRDC, 93.6% at Malaysia, and 93.3% at TSIPS, indicating that most entries were resistant at MARDI and the Taiwan locations but susceptible at Subang and Los Baños. L285 (mean survival = 83.8%) and CRA 84-58-1 (mean survival = 79.4%) were the most resistant entries in the field trials. Mean survival (70.1%) of CRA 66-derived entries was significantly better than the mean of entries with resistance derived from UPCA 1169 or UPCA 1169 plus `Venus' or `Saturn'. Mean survival of AVRDC entries bred in the 1980s (59.4%) was significantly greater than mean survival of AVRDC lines bred in the 1970s (45.7%). The correlation between entry BW percent survival averaged over the five field trials and entry means from drench inoculation in the greenhouse was highly significant (r = 0.70), suggesting that the drench inoculation method is effective in selection for BW resistance.

scholarly journals Irrigation Timing Relative to Head Development Influences Yield Components, Sugar Levels, and Glucosinolate Concentrations in Cabbage

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 943-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore J.K. Radovich ◽  
Matthew D. Kleinhenz ◽  
John G. Streeter
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Head Development ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
Indole Glucosinolate ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Development Center

To better understand the influence of environmental factors on components of crop productivity and nutritional and sensory quality parameters, the fresh-market cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata Group) `Bravo' was irrigated at different periods relative to head development in 2002 and 2003 at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center in Wooster. Irrigation was provided to plots either: 1) from planting to maturity, 2) during frame development only, or 3) during head development only. Control plants received no irrigation after plant establishment. Irrigation timing relative to crop stage significantly affected all head characteristics with the greatest differences between cabbage receiving irrigation during head development and cabbage not irrigated during head development. On average, heads from cabbage irrigated during head development were heavier, larger, less pointed, and had less volume occupied by the core than heads from cabbage not irrigated during head development. A positive, linear relationship (r2 = 0.89) was found between head volume and head weight. Across years, combined head fructose and glucose concentrations were significantly greater and sucrose concentrations significantly lower in cabbage receiving irrigation during head development than in cabbage not irrigated during head development. Total and individual glucosinolate levels were greater in cabbage not irrigated during head development relative to cabbage receiving irrigation during head development. Head weight, fructose and glucose were positively related to the proportion of estimated crop evapotranspiration replaced by irrigation during head development, while the opposite response was observed in head sucrose and total and indole glucosinolate concentrations.

scholarly journals 152 Festival of Color: An Extension Outreach Program

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 468B-468
Author(s):  
Donald H. Steinegger
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Outreach Program ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Entire Family ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
The Right ◽  
Management Alternatives ◽  
Development Center

The Festival of Color is the annual plant and landscape open house sponsored by the Univ. of Nebraska's Horticulture Dept. The festival is the culmination of many water-centered activities that have preceded the festival throughout the year. Last year's September event drew over 10,000 people to the UNL Agricultural Research and Development Center near Mead, Neb. The festival was created to increase the urban public's awareness and motivation regarding the best landscape management practices for developing environmentally compatible landscapes and reducing urban runoff of water and pesticides. The Festival of Color is an event for all ages. By including the activities for the entire family, the festival draws a large spectrum of the urban population. The festival has grown steadily from 850 visitors in 1993 to 10,000 in 1998. The festival will continue to include demonstrations and talks on selection, installation, and management of turf; irrigation equipment and management methods; pesticide selection and pest management alternatives; fertility management alternatives; low input landscaping with native and adapted species; composting; and more. At the Sixth Annual Festival of Color: 1) 42% of new attendees learned how to implement water conserving landscape techniques (66% of the previous attendees implemented water conserving landscape practices), 2) 30% of new attendees learned how to irrigate more efficiently (63% of previous attendees used water more efficiently), and 3) 29% of new attendees learned how to fertilize more efficiently (actual positive behavior change was higher than the proposed change reported by first time attendees), 4) 98% of new attendees learned how to choose plants based on site/location “Right Plant, Right Place” (86% of previous attendees have improved their plant selection skills by putting the right plant in the right place).

scholarly journals 060 `Blake's Pride' Fire Blight-resistant Pear Cultivar

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 451D-451
Author(s):  
Richard L. Bell ◽  
T. van der Zwet ◽  
R.C. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
The Core ◽  
Infection Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
Development Center ◽  
Fruit Surface

`Blake's Pride' has been released jointly by USDA and The Ohio State Univ. as a new fire blight-resistant cultivar. The original seedling tree was selected in 1977 at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center in Wooster by R.C. Blake and T. van der Zwet from a cross of US 446 × US 505, performed in 1965 by H.J. Brooks, and was tested under the original seedling number, OHUS 66131-021. The fruit of `Blake's Pride' is pyriform to round-pyriform in shape, and is moderate in size, averaging ≈2.75″ to 3″ in diameter, and 3.25″ in height. The stem is short, medium in thickness, and upright. Skin undercolor is yellow, the finish is glossy, and 20% to 30% of the fruit surface is covered with a smooth, light tan russet. Harvest maturity occurs about 3 weeks after `Bartlett', and the fruit will store in air storage for at least 3 months without core breakdown or superficial scald. The flesh texture is moderately fine, juicy, and buttery. Grit cells are moderately small and occur primarily around the core and in a thin layer under the skin, similar to `Bartlett'. The flavor is subacid and aromatic. The tree is moderate in vigor on `Bartlett' seedling rootstock, and upright-spreading in habit. Yield has been moderate to moderately high. Fire blight infections are rare, and extend no further than 1-year-old growth. Artificial blossom inoculations indicate a moderate degree of resistance of blossoms to fire blight infection. Resistance of `Blake's Pride' to both shoot and blossom infection is much greater than that of `Bartlett'.

scholarly journals Nutrient Uptake and Solute Movement in Drip Irrigated Summer Peppers

1969 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
C. L. Santiago ◽  
M. R. Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
Solute Movement ◽  
Development Center

A study on nutrient uptake (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) by peppers (var. Cubanelle) and fertilizer solute movement in relation to dripper location was conducted in the semiarid southern coast of Puerto Rico at the Fortuna Agricultural Research and Development Center. Soil samples were taken 9, 64, and 118 days after transplanting from each location, with three 15-cm depth increments and three 15-cm horizontal increments away from the dripper. These samples were analyzed for pH, EC, P, K, Ca, and Mg. All fertilizer was applied via drip irrigation. Factorial analysis indicated that solute movements at different positions were not statistically different. The relationships between nutrient uptake versus days after transplanting were of Mitscherlich's curve type. Greatest amount of nutrient uptake occurred during the last third part of the growing season, and followed an order of K > N > Ca > P > Mg.

scholarly journals Control of Northern Masked Chafer Larvae on Turfgrass, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 368-368
Author(s):  
K. T. Power ◽  
D. J. Shetlar ◽  
H. D. Niemczyk ◽  
M. G. Belcher
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Plot Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
Development Center

Abstract The study was conducted on a research lawn at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio. Insecticides were applied 21 Aug to plots 10 X 10 ft arranged in a RCB replicated four times. Liquid treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer and Teejet™ 8010VS nozzles at 35 psi pressure that delivered a volume of 3 gal/1000 ft2. The granular treatments were applied with a shaker jar. After all treatments were applied, the area was irrigated with approximately ‘A inch of water bul received no further supplemental irrigation. Environmental conditions at the time of treatment were as follows: NMC—approximately 17/ft2, 100% second instars; turf—level, dry, 2½ inches ht, 60% Kentucky bluegrass and 30% annual bluegrass, 10% weed species, no thatch; soil—moist, 79°F at 1 inch and 77°F at 3 inches deep; weather—mostly sunny, 80°F, 0-5 mph wind. Evaluation on 1 Oct involved counting the number of live NMC and JB larvae in each of six 7X7 inch areas per plot. Analysis of variance was done on plot totals and means were separated by LSD test at P = 0.05.

scholarly journals Effect of Planting Density on the Performance of Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Waterlogged Condition

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
MM Rashid ◽  
MK Mondal ◽  
SC Nath ◽  
MR Karim
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Waterlogged Condition ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
Development Center

The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of planting density on the performance of hybrid rice variety Aloran under water logged condition at the BRAC Agricultural Research and Development Center in Gazipur, Bangladesh during the dry (DS) and wet season (WS) of 2009. Different planting densities were maintained using different spacings and number of seedlings per hill. These include 25 cm × 20 cm, 25 cm × 10 cm, 20 cm × 10 cm, 20 cm × 15 cm with single seedling per hill and 20 cm × 15 cm with two seedlings per hill and 20 cm × 15 cm with three seedlings per hill. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Density of 20 cm × 10 cm with 1 seedling hill-1 i.e. 50 hills m-2 produced the highest grain yield of 7.5 t ha-1 and 4.6 t ha-1 in DS and WS respectively, which was significantly higher than the yield with recommended density (20 cm × 15 cm with 1 seedling per hill). This yield was increased due to higher number of panicles m-2. Increasing the seedling numbers hill-1 with the recommended planting density did not improve the yield of hybrid rice. This result suggests that higher planting density rather than increased number of seedling hill-1 is necessary for getting higher yield of hybrid rice in continuous water logged condition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i2.17497 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(2) 109-113

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