scholarly journals (227) Does Salinity Reduce Boron's Toxic Effect in Broccoli?

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075C-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Grattan ◽  
Catherine M. Grieve ◽  
James A. Poss ◽  
Timothy E. Smith ◽  
Donald L. Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Ion Composition ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Shoot Tissue ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Us

High salinity and boron often occur together in irrigation water in arid climates, but very little research has been done to study the interaction of the two. A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the US Salinity Laboratory in sand tanks to evaluate the interactions between B and saline drainage water on the performance of broccoli. Particular interest in this study was directed towards the composition of the salinizing solution to determine what role various salts have on the salinity-boron interaction. Results from this study indicate that both Cl-based salts and those characteristic of saline drainage water (i.e., a mixture of salts dominated by sodium sulfate) showed a significant salinity–boron interaction. At high salinity, increased B concentration was less detrimental, both visually and quantitatively (i.e., biomass), than it was at low salinity. That is, plants could tolerate a higher solution B-concentration at higher salinity. However, there was no significant difference between salt types. The effects on head weights were more exaggerated than those on shoot biomass. Shoot B concentration was influenced by salinity, but interestingly the direction of influence was dependent upon the B concentration in the solution. Regardless of the composition of the salinizing solution, increased salinity increased shoot B concentration when B concentrations in the solution were relatively low (i.e., 0.5 mg·L-1). At the highest solution B concentration (28 mg·L-1), increased salinity reduced shoot B concentration. Solution B in itself had very little influence on shoot ion accumulation, but both salinity (i.e., EC) and salinity composition had very strong influences on shoot tissue ion composition. Therefore, these data indicate that salinity and B are antagonistic.

Response of Sugar Beet to Salinity during the Stages of Seedling Emergence and Plant Growth

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 1102-1108
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Ting Ting Fu ◽  
Na Sui ◽  
Tong Lou Ding ◽  
Xi Hua Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Ion Accumulation ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recovery Experiment

The effect of NaCl on seedling emergence, plant growth and ion accumulation for two sugar beet cultivars was evaluated. The result showed that seedling emergence in Tianyan309 was much lower than that in KWS3418 in the initial 6 days. High salinity markedly decreased final seedling emergence in both cultivars, especially in Tianyan309, while salinity had no adverse effect on total seedling emergence after the recovery experiment in both cultivars. Low salinity (86 mM NaCl) had no significant effect on shoot and root dry weights, while 171 and 257 mM NaCl inhibited shoot and root dry weights of two cultivars, especially for KWS3418. Concentrations of Na+ and Cl- in leaves were increased with increasing NaCl in both cultivars. There was no significant difference between two cultivars in concentrations of Na+ and Cl- in the leaves at different concentrations of NaCl, except that Cl- concentration in leaves of Tianyan309 was lower than that in KWS3418 at 257 mM NaCl. The characteristic of Cl- uptake and/or accumulation may relate to different salt tolerance of KWS3418 and Tianyan309.

Growth and Photosynthetic Responses of Spinach to Salinity: Implications of K+ Nutrition for Salt Tolerance

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
WS Chow ◽  
MC Ball ◽  
JM Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Cytochrome F ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Unit Leaf Area ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Unit Leaf

To compare the effects of K+ under high and low salinity, spinach plants (Spinacia oleracea) were grown in nutrient solutions containing either 50 mM NaCl (low salinity) or 250 mM NaCl (high salinity), with a diurnal regime of 10 h light (~300 μmol photons m-2 s-1, 23°C) and 14 h dark (15°C). At each level of salinity, the nutrient KCl concentration was 0.01, 0.1, 1 or 10 mM. The plant and shoot biomass was greater at low salinity than high salinity and increased with the logarithmic increase in nominal K+ concentrations supplied to the roots. Plant and shoot growth were related to the K+ uptake into the leaves, with leaves having a higher K+ content under low salinity than high salinity. Variation of the K+ content in the leaves, induced by the combinations of nutrient KCl concentrations with high or low salinity, were accompanied by changes in the photosynthetic capacity at light- and CO2-saturation per unit leaf area; there was a greater decrease in photosynthetic capacity with decreasing K+ supply to the roots under high salinity than under low salinity. The photosynthetic capacity was in turn highly correlated with the contents of cytochrome f and ATP synthase per unit leaf area. Under conditions of high salinity and low K+ supply, a reduction in the quantum yield of oxygen evolution also occurred, due to malfunction of photosystem II and, apparently, an increased proportion of light absorbed by non-photosynthetic tissue. The decreases in photosynthetic capacity and quantum yield partly account for the lower plant and shoot biomass at high salinity and low nutrient KCl concentrations. Our results suggest strongly that there are higher K+ requirements for shoot growth under high than low salinity conditions, and that high concentrations of Na+ in the leaves may help to maintain turgor, but cannot substitute for adequate K+ levels in the leaves, presumably because K+ is specifically required for protein synthesis. Increasing the K+ supply at the roots can ameliorate reductions in plant and shoot biomass imposed by an increase in salinity.

Growth and flowering in salt-stressed avocado trees

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJS Downton
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Ion Composition ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Stems And Leaves

The effect of salinity (0, 5, 10 and 2 0 mM sodium chloride) on the growth, ion composition and flowering response of Fuerte scion grafted to rootstocks of Mexican, Guatemalan and Mexican × Guatemalan (Zutano) race is described. Scions on the Mexican and Zutano stocks were less tolerant of salinity than scions on the Guatemalan stock based on measurements of stem diameter and biomass. The less tolerant trees also contained higher concentrations of sodium and chloride in leaves. The entry of sodium into scions on the Mexican and Zutano stocks was associated with increased succulence of stems and leaves. This response altered the mineral composition of the leaves. Leaf potassium and nitrogen per unit of dry weight increased on the Mexican stock given 20 mM sodium chloride. By taking account of the changes in succulence, however, it could be demonstrated that potassium and nitrogen concentrations on a leaf water basis remained close to control values. Calcium ion failed to make the adjustment, and the already low calcium levels were further reduced by succulence. Succulence was responsible for a 25–37% dilution of sodium and chloride in the leaves of scions on Zutano and Mexican stocks, given 2 0 mM sodium chloride. Salt stress promoted the flowering of Fuerte scion. Low salinity (5mM sodium chloride) failed to stimulate flowering in trees on the Guatemalan stock. High salinity (20mM sodium chloride) was detrimental to flowering in scions on the Mexican stock and resulted in reduced numbers of floral buds, flowers per bud, inflorescences per bud and flowers per inflorescence. The experimental results are discussed in relation to the salinity situation in the irrigated horticultural areas along the River Murray.

scholarly journals Bioelectric Effect of a Microcurrent Toothbrush on Plaque Removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8255
Author(s):  
Ji-Hyun Lee ◽  
Jin-Hee Ha
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Direct Electric Current ◽  
Plaque Removal ◽  
Bioelectric Effect ◽  
Biofilm Removal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Us ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Previous State

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a microcurrent toothbrush (approved by the US Food and Drug Administration [FDA]), which employs a superimposed alternating and direct electric current, named as a Proxywave® technology, similar to the intensity of the biocurrent, in plaque removal and reducing gingivitis by biofilm removal through the bioelectric effect. This study enrolled 40 volunteers with gingivitis. Dental observations were made every two weeks, before and after the use of each toothbrush. We randomly assigned participants into two groups: one group used the Proxywave® toothbrush (PB) for two weeks followed by the control toothbrush (CB) for two weeks, while the other group used the CB for two weeks followed by the PB. The participants had a two-week washout period. If the toothbrush used earlier has had an effect on the bacterial flora in the oral cavity, this is to remove this effect and return it to its previous state. During each dental visit, we recorded plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) scores. The PI and GI scores were significantly lower in both the PB and the CB (p < 0.05). Considering the PI, there was no significant difference between the toothbrushes on all the surfaces. Considering the GI, the PB showed a significant decrease in the interproximal surface, compared to the CB (p < 0.05). The PB showed a significant decrease in the interproximal GI and had a beneficial effect in the interproximal area where the bristles could not reach. No adverse events were observed in the participants during the clinical trial. The microcurrent toothbrush is a device that can be safely used for plaque removal.

scholarly journals Assessing the Attitude of Tampa Bay Youth toward HIV Self-Testing Kits

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Sherry Zhang ◽  
Isabella Lopez ◽  
Bernard Washington ◽  
Brittney Gaudet ◽  
Carina A. Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tampa Bay ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Home Testing ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Us ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Location Study ◽  
Sexual Health Clinics

In adults, data support the utility and acceptance of home HIV testing; however, in youth, particularly in the US, this has not been well studied. In this exploratory study, we surveyed Tampa Bay youth aged 16−27 and attending sexual health clinics between 1 June and 31 June 2018 (n = 133) regarding attitudes and perceptions towards HIV self-testing. While most indicated the clinic over home when asked for preferred testing location, study population and subgroup analysis demonstrated a positive response (agree) to Likert-scale questions regarding the use of home HIV self-testing kits and negative responses (strongly disagree) to “would not use self-testing kit”. There was a significant difference between genders in testing location preference (p = 0.031) for those respondents that specified gender (n = 123), with males more likely to prefer home testing than females. This study suggests an openness of youth towards HIV home testing that could help to expand the number of youth aware of their HIV status.

scholarly journals AB1088 NAIL PSORIASIS: THE UNDERESTIMATED DISORDER IN PSORIASIS AND PSORIASIS ARTHRITIS. CAN ULTRASOUND AND CAPILLARY MICROSCOPY IN PATIENTS WITH NAIL PSORIASIS SPEED UP OUR DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY?

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1833.2-1833
Author(s):  
B. C. Detlef ◽  
S. El-Nawab-Becker ◽  
M. Toellner ◽  
A. Kleinheinz ◽  
T. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Psoriasis Vulgaris ◽  
Extensor Tendon ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Nail Psoriasis ◽  
Capillary Microscopy ◽  
Nail Matrix ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nail Involvement

Background:Nail psoriasis is an extreme diagnostic and therapeutic challenge and represents an enormous physical and psychological burden for affected patients.50% of patients with psoriasis vulgaris develop nail involvement (NailPso)during the course of their disease. NailPso is the strongest predictor of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Through the synovio-enthesial concept we have learned that there is an anatomical-pathophysiological relationship between DIP joint, extensor tendon and nail matrix. We have observed in daily practice that hypervascularization (HV) in ultrasound Power Doppler (US-PD)the nail matrix may be a pathognomonic element in its own right. There are no data on this in the literature.Objectives:Is there a difference in the ultrasound PD examination of the DIP joint and nail area and in the capillary microscopy of the corresponding nail fold in patients with psoriasis vulgaris and nail psoriasis versus patients with psoriasis vulgaris without nail psoriasis.Methods:Monocentric prospective study of all consecutive patients with psoriasis vulgaris who have come to a rheumatic practice to clarify a PsA. Inaddition to demographic data, assessments (PASI,DLQI,CASPAR,GEPARD, DAS28, SJ,TJ,FFBH), clinical examination, a standardized ultrasound PD examination and capillary microscopy of the affected fingertips in PsO patients suffering from nail psoriasis was performed as well as corresponding examinations of the 2nd and 3rd finger right in PsO patients without nail involvement.Results:79 patients could be included during the study period. Thereof 25 PsO patients without nail involvement and 44 PsO patients with nail involvement. Since the patients were examined consecutively, the difference results. There was no difference in age, BMI and sex in both groups (Pso and NailPso). The Caspar criteria as classification criteria for a PsA were positive in 65% of the NailPso patients and positive in 50% of all PsO patients without nail infestation. Hypervascularization in the US-PD examination in the area of the nail matrix could be seen significantly more frequently in NailPso compared to non-NagelPso patients. Such a difference did not exist in the HV of the extensor tendons.Capillary microscopy showed a significant difference in the number of torsions/twist capillaries in NailPso compared to Pso patients without NailPso.Hypervascularization of the nail matrix is seen significantly more frequently in patients with psoriasis of the nail than in patients without psoriasis of the nail. Such a difference does not exist in DIP joint -extensor tendon- enthesitis. At the same time, torsions are significantly more frequently seen in capillary microscopy in NailPso than in patients without NailPso.Conclusion:The US-PD examination is a simple and non-invasive procedure which can be performed routinely in daily practice. The hypervascularization of the nail matrix should also make one think of nail psoriasis in the early stage of PsO, in order to be able to start early an appropriate therapy for this very stigmatizing and therapeutically extremely difficult manifestation of PsO. It seems to occur independently of extensor tendon synovitis as an independent manifestation phenomenon.The occurrence of torsions in capillary microscopy >50 % also seems to be groundbreaking for a NagelPso, whereby capillary microscopy is a temporal challenge in daily routine.References:§ The present study (7734-BO-S2018 Ethics Commission of the MHH, Medical School Hannover, Germany) contains parts of the PhD thesis of M.TöllnerDisclosure of Interests:Becker-Capeller Detlef Grant/research support from: Novartis, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Soham El-Nawab-Becker: None declared, Malo Toellner: None declared, Andreas Kleinheinz: None declared, Torsten Witte: None declared

scholarly journals AB0115 COMPARISON OF ULTRASOUND FINDINGS BETWEEN TNF INHIBITORS AND NON-TNF INHIBITORS AT FIRST BIOLOGICS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1086.2-1087
Author(s):  
T. Okano ◽  
T. Koike ◽  
K. Inui ◽  
K. Mamoto ◽  
Y. Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Tnf Inhibitors ◽  
Tnf Inhibitor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Findings ◽  
Improvement Ratio

Background:In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), biologics treatment is one of the effective treatment options. Usually, there is no difference in therapeutic effect regardless of which biologics is used, but the effect for joint synovitis is unknown. Recently, ultrasound (US) has played a role of sensitive imaging modality in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with RA.Objectives:The aim of this study was to compare the improvement of US findings between TNF inhibitors and non-TNF inhibitors at first biologics in patients with RA.Methods:Fifty-four RA patients who started the first biologics from September 2016 to December 2018 were included in this longitudinal study (SPEEDY study, UMIN000028260). All the patients were performed clinical examination, blood test and US examination at baseline, 4, 12, 24, 36 and 52 weeks. A US examination was performed at the bilateral first to fifth metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints, first interphalangeal (IP) and second to fifth proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints, wrist joints (three part of radial, medial and ulnar) and first to fifth metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints, by using HI VISION Ascendus (Hitachi Medical Corporation, Japan) with a multifrequency linear transducer (18-6 MHz). The gray scale (GS) and power Doppler (PD) findings were assessed by the semi-quantitative method (0-3). GS score and PD score (both 0-108 points) were defined as the sum of each score. The change of disease activity and US findings were compared between TNF group and non-TNF group.Results:Among 54 cases, 32 patients were used TNF inhibitor and 22 were non-TNF inhibitor. Age and duration of RA were significantly higher in the non-TNF group, and MTX dose was significantly lower in the non-TNF group. The baseline inflammatory markers tended to be higher in the non-TNF group and the disease activity was also higher in the non-TNF group. However, the US findings showed no significant difference in both GS and PD between two groups at baseline. US improvement ratio was no difference between TNF group and non-TNF group at 4, 12, 24, 36 and 52 weeks in both GS and PD score. Regardless of the type of biologics, patients with long-term disease duration tended to have poor improvement in US synovial fingings.Table 1.Baseline patient and disease characteristicsTNF (n=32)non-TNF (n=22)P valueFemale patients, n (%)21 (65.6)16 (72.7)0.767Age (years)63.5±15.471.0±9.00.030Disease duration (years)6.5±8.213.0±11.70.032CRP (mg/dl)1.8±2.53.0±3.20.170DAS28-ESR5.0±1.45.8±1.20.022GS score26.1±18.831.8±21.10.313PD score17.6±11.423.1±14.60.150Figure 1.GS and PD improvement ratio at 4, 12, 24, 36 and 52 weeksConclusion:There was no difference in the US findings improvement between patients with TNF inhibitor and non-TNF inhibitor at first biologics in patients with RA.References:[1]Grassi W, Okano T, Di Geso L, Filippucci E. Imaging in rheumatoid arthritis: options, uses and optimization. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2015;11:1131-46.[2]Nishino A, Kawashiri SY, Koga T, et al. Ultrasonographic Efficacy of Biologic andTargeted Synthetic Disease-ModifyingAntirheumatic Drug Therapy in RheumatoidArthritis From a Multicenter RheumatoidArthritis Ultrasound Prospective Cohort in Japan. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2018;70:1719-26.Acknowledgements:We wish to thank Atsuko Kamiyama, Tomoko Nakatsuka for clinical assistant, Setsuko Takeda, Emi Yamashita, Yuko Yoshida, Rika Morinaka, Hatsue Ueda and Tomomi Iwahashi for their special efforts as a sonographer and collecting data.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Insulin Glargine and Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinli Du ◽  
Rihua Zhang ◽  
Yi Xue ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Jinmei Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Glargine ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Cancer Occurrence ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Us ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Aims Recently, more and more attention has been drawn on the long-term effects of insulin glargine. Here we strived to estimate the association of cancer occurrence with the use of insulin glargine. Methods We searched all the publications regarding the association between cancer occurrence and the use of insulin glargine using the US National Library of Medicine's PubMed database. Data were independently extracted and analyzed using random or fixed effects meta-analysis depending upon the degree of heterogeneity. Results Seven cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. Cancer occurrence had no significant difference in glargine-treated patients compared to patients treated with other insulins (RR=0.86, 95% CI=0.69–1.07, p=0.17, Pheterogeneity <0.00001). In our subgroup analysis, glargine, compared to other insulins, did not increase the risk of breast cancer (RR=1.14, 95% CI=0.65–2.02, p=0.65, Pheterogeneity=0.002), prostate cancer (RR=1.00, 95% CI=0.79–1.26, p=0.99, Pheterogeneity=0.78), pancreatic cancer (RR=0.57, 95% CI=0.14–2.35, p=0.44, Pheterogeneity=0.0002) and gastrointestinal cancer (RR=0.80, heterogeneity 95% CI=0.62–1.02, p=0.07, Pheterogeneity=0.86). Conclusions This meta-analysis of open-label studies does not support an increased cancer risk in patients treated with insulin glargine. The result provides confidence for the development of insulin glargine, but needs confirmation by further clinical studies.

Carbon-Isotope, Diatom, and Pollen Evidence for Late Holocene Salinity Change in a Brackish Marsh in the San Francisco Estuary

2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Byrne ◽  
B. Lynn Ingram ◽  
Scott Starratt ◽  
Frances Malamud-Roam ◽  
Joshua N. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Brackish Marsh ◽  
San Francisco Estuary ◽  
Freshwater Inflow ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Freshwater Flow ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Carbon Isotopic

AbstractAnalysis of diatoms, pollen, and the carbon-isotopic composition of a sediment core from a brackish marsh in the northern part of the San Francisco Estuary has provided a paleosalinity record that covers the past 3000 yr. Changes in marsh composition and diatom frequencies are assumed to represent variations in freshwater inflow to the estuary. Three periods of relatively high salinity (low freshwater inflow) are indicated, 3000 to 2500 cal yr B.P., 1700 to 730 cal yr B.P., and ca. A.D. 1930 to the present. The most recent period of high salinity is primarily due to upstream storage and water diversion within the Sacramento–San Joaquin watershed, although drought may also have been a factor. The two earlier high-salinity periods are likely the result of reduced precipitation. Low salinity (high freshwater flow) is indicated for the period 750 cal yr B.P. to A.D. 1930.

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