scholarly journals Variation in Leafhopper Species Abundance and Diversity among Elm Seedlings and Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1389-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo-Ann Bentz ◽  
Alden M. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Elm Yellows ◽  
Selection Of

A survey was conducted in the 2001 growing season to determine the leafhopper species composition, abundance, richness, diversity, and evenness among trees of three elm (Ulmus sp.) cultivars, two U.S. National Arboretum (USNA) seedling selections of U. szechuanica Fang, and two USNA seedling selections of U. bergmanniana Schneid. in a mixed stand. Yellow sticky traps were used to qualify and quantify the number of aerial leafhoppers from 1 May 2001 until 4 September 2001. A total of 4,523 individuals, belonging to 39 species within seven leafhopper subfamilies, were trapped. The weekly mean number of leafhoppers collected was significantly higher on traps from `Patriot', followed by `Frontier' and `Prospector', than on traps from the USNA seedling selections. Although the weekly mean species richness for `Prospector' was lower than the other two cultivars, the three cultivars had higher mean species richness than the USNA seedling selections of U. szechuanica and U. bergmanniana. Diversity among cultivars was higher than among the USNA seedling selections. Ulmus bergmanniana 68983 and U. szechuanica 68986 shared the highest percentage of species similarity, while `Frontier' and U. szechuanica 68991 were the most dissimilar. Of the species collected, Agallia quadripunctata, Empoasca fabae and Graphocephala versuta were the most abundant. The other species were mostly rare based on their low abundance. Scaphoideus luteolus, the only confirmed vector of elm yellows in North America, was found among the elm cultivars only. Yet, the Cicadellinae leafhoppers that are vectors of Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of bacterial leaf scorch, were found among both the cultivars and USNA seedling selections. Such data could allow for the screening and selection of elms resistant to economically important leafhoppers.

scholarly journals O Efeito do Fogo sobre a Comunidade de Abelhas Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) em Floresta de Transição Cerrado-Amazônia (Mato Grosso, Brasil)

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nubia França da Silva Giehl ◽  
Marco Bruno Xavier Valadão ◽  
Leandro Schlemmer Brasil ◽  
Josias Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Sara Miranda Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Transitional Area ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
Transitional Forest ◽  
Fire Area

Os efeitos de queimadas induzidas sobre a comunidade de abelhas Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) foram avaliados em floresta de transição entre o Cerrado e a Floresta Amazônica, no leste do Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. A riqueza, abundância e a composição de Euglossini foram determinadas em uma área controle não queimada (preservada), uma área queimada anualmente desde 2004 (degradação intermediária) e uma área queimada trienalmente desde 2004 (degradação elevada). Testamos a hipótese de que áreas com diferentes frequências de queimadas apresentam menor abundância de machos, menor riqueza e diferente composição de espécies de Euglossini em relação à área controle. As técnicas de coleta ativa e passiva de abelhas foram aplicadas usando seis substâncias puras para atração dos machos: β-ionona, benzoato de benzila, geraniol, fenil-etil-acetato, salicilato de metila e vanilina. Sete espécies foram catalogadas e não houve diferença nas abundâncias entre as três áreas amostradas (F (2, 12) = 0,150; p= 0,8). A riqueza estimada de espécies na área controle foi superior à área com fogo trienal (12 ± 3,8; 4 ± 2, respectivamente), enquanto a área com fogo anual apresentou riqueza intermediária (8 ± 4,35) e superior àquela da área com fogo trienal. A análise de UPGMA revelou diferença significativa quanto a composição de espécies da área de fogo trienal para as outras duas áreas. As queimadas anual e trienal reduziram a riqueza de espécies e alteraram a composição de espécies, com efeitos mais evidentes na área com fogo trienal, causando efeitos deletérios sobre a comunidade das abelhas das orquídeas. The effect of Fire on the Community of Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in a Cerrado-Amazon Transitional Forest (Mato Grosso, Brazil) Abstract. We evaluated the effects of induced burned on Euglossini bee assemblages (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in a transitional area between Cerrado and Amazonia, eastern Mato Grosso, Brazil. We determinate abundances, richness and composition of Euglossini in three plots: control plot (unburned), plot burned each year since 2004 (intermediate degradation), plot burned each three years since 2004 (high degradation). We tested the hypothesis that two burned plots present lower male abundances, less species richness and different species composition in comparison with the control plot. We collected male bees actively and passively by using six pure fragrances: β-ionona, benzoato de benzila, geraniol, fenil-etil-acetato, salicilato de metila e vanilina. We collected seven species with no differences in male abundances among three plots (F (2, 12)= 0.150; p= 0.8). Estimated richness species in control the plot was higher than the plot burned each three years (12 ± 3.8; 4± 2, respectively), while plot burned each year showed intermediate richness (8 ± 4.35) and higher than plot burned each three years. Cluster Analysis (UPGMA) revealed significant differences in species composition of the triennial fire area to the other two areas. Our results suggest that fire occurring with different frequencies in transitional forest promote decreases in richness of species and modifications in species composition. These modifications were clearer in plot more degraded (burned each three years) and induce deleterious effects on orchid bee assemblage.

The effects of silvicultural disturbances on cryptogam diversity in the boreal-mixedwood forest

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G Newmaster ◽  
F Wayne Bell
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Forest Diversity ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
And Function

In northern forests, cryptogams (spore producing plants) occupy a key position in forest ecosystem diversity and function. Forest harvesting and silvicultural practices have the potential to reduce cryptogam diversity. This project uses four blocks that were mechanically site prepared, planted with a single conifer species, and subsequently subjected to five conifer release treatments: (1) motor-manual cleaning, (2) mechanical brush cutting, (3) aerial application of triclopyr, (4) aerial application of glyphosate, and (5) control (untreated clearcut). Five 10 × 10 m subplots were installed in each of the five treatment plots and the uncut forest on the four blocks. Botanical surveys were conducted before and 1–5 years after treatments. Species richness and abundance, Shannon's and Heip's indices, and rank abundance diagrams clearly show that richness and abundance were affected by silvicultural treatments. Vegetation management treatments resulted in significant reductions in cryptogam diversity, to the point that only a few colonists and drought-tolerant species remained. Cryptogam diversity was ranked in the following order: forest > clearcut > mechanical clearing > herbicide treatment. Herbicide treatments had the greatest initial effect on species richness, species abundance, and diversity indices. Cryptogam diversity showed signs of recovery 5 years after treatments. Missed strips (untreated areas) within a clearcut provided a refuge for remnant communities of forest cryptogams that could play a key role in the rehabilitation forest diversity.

Seasonal Occurrence of Adult Carabid Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in West-Central Illinois

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-343
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. McCravy ◽  
Jason E. Willand
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
West Central ◽  
Central Illinois

Abstract The Carabidae is a diverse family of beetles with many species of interest in conservation and biological control. Carabid beetle adult seasonal activity patterns were studied in a west-central Illinois forest/reconstructed tallgrass prairie matrix over a 2-yr period using pitfall traps. We found a threefold or greater difference in carabid abundance between years. Despite lower abundance, a second year of sampling yielded seven previously undetected species. Abundance and species richness were greatest in May–July and lower in August–October. Relative abundance and species richness were consistent among months between years. Shannon diversity and effective number of species were lowest in June and July. Cyclotrachelus sodalis (LeConte) and Chlaenius platyderus Chaudoir were the two most abundant species, comprising 54.3% of total captures. These species were most abundant in July and June, respectively. Most species showed greatest abundance in spring or early summer, and declined thereafter. Collections of several species were suggestive of bimodal seasonal patterns. Carabid species composition differed significantly among months, but not between years. Our results document seasonal variation in carabid abundance and species composition, and show that sampling throughout the growing season, and multiple sampling years, provide substantial benefits for assessments of carabid diversity in this region.

Ecology of Dolichopodidae (Diptera) in a wetland habitat and their potential role as bioindicators

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Gelbič ◽  
Jiří Olejníček
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Wet Meadow ◽  
Emergence Traps ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Pan Traps ◽  
Malaise Traps

AbstractEcological investigations of long-legged flies (Dolichopodidae) were carried out in wet meadow wetlands near České Budějovice, Czech Republic. Sampling was performed during the adult flies’ seasonal activity (March–October) in 2002, 2003 and 2004 using yellow pan traps, Malaise traps, emergence traps, and by sweeping. Altogether 5,697 specimens of 78 species of Dolichopodidae were collected, identified and analysed. The study examined community structure, species abundance, and diversity (Shannon-Weaver’s index - H’; Sheldon’s equitability index - E). Chrysotus cilipes, C. gramineus and Dolichopus ungulatus were the most abundant species in all three years. Species richness and diversity seem strongly affected by soil moisture.

scholarly journals Variations in Total Species Richness and the Unevenness of Species Abundance Distribution between Two Distant Conus Communities (Neogastropoda): A Case Study in Mannar Gulf (India)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jean Béguinot
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Species Abundance Distribution ◽  
Abundance Distribution ◽  
Marine Gastropods ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Species Recruitment ◽  
Total Species

The genus Conus forms a conspicuous and rather homogeneous group within marine Gastropods. This makes it all the more interesting to focus on the sub-communities formed by Conus species and to analyze the potential specificities in the internal organization of species in these communities, in particular species richness, species abundance distribution and the effect of geographical distance between communities on differences in their respective species composition. Accordingly, two Conus communities along the coast in Mannar Gulf (India), separated by 80 km, are considered. Reliable analysis requires, first, to treat exhaustive data from complete samplings or, else – as here – to implement an appropriate extrapolation procedure to complete numerically the partial samplings. After numerical completion, substantial differences were highlighted between the two communities, not only in terms of true (total) species richness but, even more, as regards the profile and the average unevenness of the distributions of species abundance. Also, significant dissimilarity in species composition was found between the two communities, that may be tentatively attributed to either deterministic distance decay in similarity of species composition or, alternatively, to the persistence in the stochastic process of species recruitment from the regional stock of Conus planktonic larvae. This preliminary study yet requests to be complemented by other similar case studies, before drawing any safer interpretative conclusions.

scholarly journals STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS IKAN TARGET DI TERUMBU KARANG PULAU HOGOW DAN PUTUS-PUTUS SULAWESI UTARA

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unstain NWJ Rembet ◽  
Mennofatria Boer ◽  
Dietriech G Bengen ◽  
Achmad Fahrudin
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Species Evenness ◽  
Target Fish ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

ABSTRACTCommunity structure of target fishes was analyzed to understand their response to different conditions of coral reefs in several places of Hugow and Putus-Putus islands. This study focused on species abundance and diversity including Shannon-Wiener’s species diversity (H’), species richness (SR), species evenness (J’) and dominance (d) indices, respectively. A multivariate analysis was used for the classification or correspondence factorial analyses. The result recorded 4,501 individuals belonging to 52 species of target fishes. Both cluster and correspondence analyses clearly recognized 3 groups of target fish with 2 major controlling factors for the development of these 3 ecological groups, i.e. coral reef conditions and geographic position to the hydrodynamic condition.ABSTRAKStruktur komunitas ikan target dianalisis untuk melihat respon ikan target terhadap perbedaan kondisi terumbu karang di beberapa lokasi Pulau Hogow dan Putus-Putus. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2010 dengan pengambilan data di 6 stasiun. Dalam penelitian ini telah dikaji variabel komunitas seperti kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman spesies termasuk indeks keanekaragaman spesies Shannon-Wiener (H’), indeks kekayaan spesies (SR), indeks kemerataan spesies (J’) dan indeks dominasi (d). Untuk melihat assemblage ikan target dilakukan analisis multivariat baik analisis klasifikasi maupun analisis faktorial koresponden. Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh 4501 indidu yang termasuk dalam 52 spesies ikan target. Analisis multivariat baik analisis cluster maupun analisis koresponden telah memisahkan dengan jelas 3 grup ikan target, dimana terdapat dua faktor utama pengendali pembentukan 3 grup ekologis ini yakni faktor kondisi terumbu karang dan faktor posisi lokasi terhadap kondisi hidrodinamika perairan.

Ichthyoplankton community of the Dardanelles Strait, Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
İsmail Burak Daban ◽  
Ahsen Yüksek
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Teleost Fish ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fish Eggs ◽  
One Year ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Fish Eggs And Larvae

AbstractAn ichthyoplankton survey was conducted between March 2012 and February 2013 along the Anatolian coast of the Dardanelles Strait, with the aim of describing the species composition and temporal variation of fish eggs and larvae. For this purpose, monthly samples were collected at three sites using a WP-2 plankton net equipped with 500 µm mesh during a one-year period. Biodiversity indices were calculated to understand differences in biodiversity. A total of 50 teleost fish species belonging to 25 families and 7 orders were identified. The highest species richness of fish eggs was recorded in spring, whereas the highest species richness of fish larvae – in spring and summer. On the other hand, species richness of fish eggs and larvae were at a minimum in the fall. The most dominant species recorded in the Dardanelles were

scholarly journals Early-arriving saproxylic beetles developing in Scots pine stumps: effects of felling type and date

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 503-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Foit
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Saproxylic Beetles ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Species Richness And Diversity

A total of 320 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) low stumps were analysed within two stands (one stand was thinned, and the other stand was subjected to clear-cut final felling) in the Drahanská Highlands in the Czech Republic. Each stand was divided into four parts, and the felling of each part was performed on different dates during 2006 (February, May, August and November). The fauna of early-arriving saproxylic beetles inhabiting the stumps was investigated by peeling the bark in two vegetation periods after the felling. A total of 17 species of beetles were found. The felling type and date affected the species composition of the recorded assemblages, with the felling date being considerably more important than the type. The species richness and diversity did not differ significantly between the felling types, but significant differences were found among the felling dates. Several associations of particular species with certain felling types or dates were also found.

scholarly journals Assemblages of drosophilids (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in mangrove forests: community ecology and species diversity

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermes J. Schmitz ◽  
Paulo R. P. Hofmann ◽  
Vera L. S. Valente
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Species Abundance Distribution ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Richness Estimators ◽  
Harsh Conditions

Brazilian fauna of drosophilids has been researched in various ecosystems, but those in mangrove forests remain overlooked in Brazil and elsewhere. The present study attempts to characterise the assemblages of drosophilids of this environment, based on 28 collections taken in three mangrove areas in Santa Catarina Island, southern Brazil. The three mangroves surveyed were different in their surroundings, which varied from highly urbanised areas to conservation areas with natural vegetation. Overall, 69 species were collected, and no remarkable difference was detected in species composition and abundances or in the richness, evenness and heterogeneity between sites. The species abundance distribution observed fitted to a theoretical lognormal distribution in the three mangroves. The species richness scored and the performance of the species richness estimators showed an unexpectedly high diversity, considering the very low floristic diversity and the harsh conditions of the environment. Regarding species composition and abundances, the drosophilid mangrove assemblages were shown to be more similar to those found in open environments, with a marked dominance of exotic species. Finally, considering the apparent lack of feeding and breeding sites, we suggest that mangrove forests are acting as sink habitats for the drosophilids populations.

scholarly journals Dalechampii oak (Quercus dalechampii Ten.), an important host plant for folivorous lepidoptera larvae

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-31
Author(s):  
M. Kulfan ◽  
◽  
M. Holecová ◽  
P. Beracko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Similarity ◽  
Structured Analysis ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
Important Host

We conducted a structured analysis of lepidoptera larvae taxocenoses living in leaf bearing crowns of Dalechampii oak (Quercus dalechampii Ten.) in nine study plots in the Malé Karpaty Mountains (Central Europe). The differences between lepidoptera taxocenoses in individual oak stands were analyzed. A total of 96 species and 2,140 individuals were found. Species abundance peaked in May, while number of species and species diversity reached the highest values from April to May and from April to June, respectively. Abundance showed two notable peaks in flush feeders and in late summer feeders. Lepidoptera taxocenosis in the study plot Horný háj (isolated forest, high density of ants) differed significantly from all other taxocenoses according to Sörensen’s index of species similarity, species diversity, analysis of similarity on the basis of permutation and pairwise tests (ANOSIM), seasonal variability of species composition, and NMDS ordination.

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