scholarly journals Dalechampii oak (Quercus dalechampii Ten.), an important host plant for folivorous lepidoptera larvae

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-31
Author(s):  
M. Kulfan ◽  
◽  
M. Holecová ◽  
P. Beracko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Similarity ◽  
Structured Analysis ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
Important Host

We conducted a structured analysis of lepidoptera larvae taxocenoses living in leaf bearing crowns of Dalechampii oak (Quercus dalechampii Ten.) in nine study plots in the Malé Karpaty Mountains (Central Europe). The differences between lepidoptera taxocenoses in individual oak stands were analyzed. A total of 96 species and 2,140 individuals were found. Species abundance peaked in May, while number of species and species diversity reached the highest values from April to May and from April to June, respectively. Abundance showed two notable peaks in flush feeders and in late summer feeders. Lepidoptera taxocenosis in the study plot Horný háj (isolated forest, high density of ants) differed significantly from all other taxocenoses according to Sörensen’s index of species similarity, species diversity, analysis of similarity on the basis of permutation and pairwise tests (ANOSIM), seasonal variability of species composition, and NMDS ordination.

Greenhouses of botanical gardens as a habitat of alien and native macrofungi: a case study in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 777-795
Author(s):  
Andrzej Szczepkowski ◽  
Błażej Gierczyk ◽  
Anna Kujawa
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Botanical Gardens ◽  
Agaricus Subrufescens ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Lepiotaceous Fungi

AbstractIn 2010, 16 macrofungi species were found in greenhouses of the Botanical Garden in Warsaw-Powsin. These included 8 species of lepiotaceous fungi and a few species known from warmer areas. For 3 species identified, which are new to Poland (Agaricus subrufescens, Leucocoprinus heinemannii, Marasmius teplicensis), a description is given, with drawings of their microscopic features and photographs. Species composition of macrofungi is compared in 5 complexes of greenhouses (Bayreuth, Graz, Jena, Paskov, Warsaw) in 4 countries from Central Europe. The total number of species in these 5 studies is 206, including 27 (13.2%) lepiotaceous fungi. The smallest number of species identified was in Warsaw (16). More than twice this number was recorded in Jena (33) and Graz (34), while the richest fungal biotas were in Bayreuth (79) and Paskov (88). Of the 16 species found in Warsaw, 8 were also found in other greenhouses. In the group of 33 species recorded in at least two complexes of greenhouses, the most abundant were the lepiotaceous fungi (39.4%) and mycenaceous fungi (15.1%). Leucocoprinus cepistipes and L. straminellus were recorded most often, in 4 of the 5 studied greenhouse complexes. CCA analysis demonstrated that the highest impact on species diversity is the area of greenhouses.

scholarly journals XYLOTROPHIC BASIDIOMYCETES OF SMALL-LEAVED FORESTS OF THE KOSTROMA REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
E. V. Maramokhin
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Xylotrophic Basidiomycetes ◽  
Substrate Specialization ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
Birch Forests

This paper provides an overview of the biology and species diversity of xylotrophic basidiomycetes, as well as the biotopic relationships of xylotroph mycobiota with phytocenoses. Ecological groups of these organisms are considered in connection with substrate specialization and their species similarity in birch and aspen small-leaved forests of different pharmacy. A brief assessment of the influence of the anthropogenic factor on the biological diversity of the represented group of organisms is given. For the first time, the Kostroma region is divided into southern, central, and northern parts to assess species diversity depending on weather, climate, and phytocenotic factors. The data on the study of changes in the degree of integration of mycocenoses of birch and aspen forests within the studied areas of the region are presented. In total, over 60 species of xylotrophic basidiomycetes were found in the small-leaved forests in the region, among which 38 species primarily affected birch forests and 40 species of pathogenic xylotrophic basidiomycetes have tropism for P. tremula. It was established that species belonging to the Coriolaseae family predominate in the species composition of wood-destroying mycobiota; they comprise about 27% of the total species composition in birch forests and about 24% of the species composition in aspen forests.

scholarly journals On an invasion of the flesh-fly Liosarcophaga aegyptica (Salem, 1935) into Central Europe with the discovery of Helicophagella verstraeteni (Lehrer, 1975) in East Slovakia (Diptera, Sarcophagidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalibor Povolný ◽  
Vladimír Hula
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Single Linkage ◽  
Danube Basin ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Flesh Fly ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
South Moravia

The invasion of the subtropical flesh-fly Liosarcophaga aegyptica (Salem, 1935) into South Moravia was observed during late summer 2003. This African insect was known to occur in the maritime habitats of the Black Sea and after World War II sporadically also in eastern Hungary, southern Slovakia and Lower Austria. Its population density increased in the Danube Basin and the first flies were also captured in South Moravia during late summer 2003. Elementary analyses revealed that this flesh-fly prefers habitats with high species diversity and important species similarity and that it might become sedentary in this territory. The flesh-fly Helicophagella verstraeteni (Lehrer, 1975) accompanying very dry and warm habitats of Romania, Hungary and France was discovered in a similar habitat of eastern Slovakia and is new to the fauna of Central Europe. Results of single linkage analyses in communities with Liosarcophaga aegyptica are presented together with the figures of the male genitalia of the two species of flesh-flies treated.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) of soils of the Lubuskie province

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-474
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kowalczyk ◽  
Janusz Błaszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Rhizosphere Soils ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Analysis Of Similarity ◽  
Field Soils ◽  
Cultivated Soils

In the year 2003, the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the phylum <i>Glomeromycota</i> in cultivated and uncultivated soils of the Lubuskie province was investigated. The occurrence of AMF was examined based on 56 root and rhizosphere soils collected under 7 species of cultivated and uncultivated plants growing in 28 localities. Spores of AMF were isolated from both field-collected samples and trap cultures. They were revealed in 100% of field soils and 93.8% of trap cultures and represented 7 of the 8 recognized genera of the <i>Glomeromycota</i>. The arbuscular fungi occurring distinctly more frequently in the soil and root samples examined were members of the genus <i>Glomus</i>. The species of AMF most frequently occurring in cultivated soils of the Lubuskie province were <i>G. claroideum</i>, <i>G. constrictum</i>, <i>G. deserticola</i> and <i>G. mosseae</i>, whereas <i>G. claroideum</i>, <i>G. constrictum</i>, <i>G. deserticola</i>, <i>G. mosseae</i>, and <i>S. dipurpurescens</i> were more frequently found in uncultivated sites. The analysis of similarity of the species composition of AMF populations in sites of the Lubuskie province and the Western Pomeranian province earlier examined showed that (1) the occurrence in Poland of most taxa of these fungi detected in the study presented here is even and does not change with time, (2) the communities of AMF area are stable, despite the arduousness resulting from the agricultural and chemical practices conducted, and (3) the species diversity of the plants cultivated in a long period of time has no influence on the species composition of populations of AMF.

scholarly journals Species Composition, Relative Abundance, and Habitat Association of Avifauna in Zegie Peninsula Forest Patches and Associated Wetlands, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Misganaw Mola ◽  
Dessalegn Ejigu ◽  
Yibelu Yitayih
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Habitat Association ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Introduction. Ethiopia is one of the most avifauna rich countries in Africa. Avifaunal surveys are required to inform conservation decisions and enhance land management for biodiversity. Avifaunal surveys from Ethiopia are lacking. This study examines species composition, relative abundance, and habitat association of avian fauna in Zegie Peninsula forest patches and associated wetlands from surveys carried out from August 2018 to March 2019, covering both the wet and dry seasons. Data Collection. Forest, shrub, lakeshore, and wetland habitats were identified as ecologically relevant habitats in the study area for data collection. Data were collected using point count and line transect methods, for 24 days in total for both seasons in the morning and afternoon. Results. A total of 96 species of birds were identified during the whole study period. Out of the total, 40 species were observed during the wet season, 13 during dry and 43 species in both seasons. There was significant variation of species distribution among habitats. During the wet season, the highest species diversity was recorded in the wetland habitat followed by forest habitat. During the dry season, avian diversity was the highest in the lakeshore followed by wetlands. The highest evenness was observed in the shrubland during both the wet and dry seasons. During the wet season, the highest species similarity was recorded between wetland and lakeshore habitats, and during the dry season, the highest species similarity was recorded between forest and shrub habitats. Based on encounter rate data, 64 (66.66%) of the avian species were uncommon. Conclusions. Compared to previous studies conducted in the study area, species diversity was lower. This might be due to various anthropogenic activities such as deforestation of trees for timber and cutting trees for firewood. Therefore, awareness creation should be given to the local community to reduce habitat destruction due to various human-induced factors.

scholarly journals Variation in Leafhopper Species Abundance and Diversity among Elm Seedlings and Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1389-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo-Ann Bentz ◽  
Alden M. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Elm Yellows ◽  
Selection Of

A survey was conducted in the 2001 growing season to determine the leafhopper species composition, abundance, richness, diversity, and evenness among trees of three elm (Ulmus sp.) cultivars, two U.S. National Arboretum (USNA) seedling selections of U. szechuanica Fang, and two USNA seedling selections of U. bergmanniana Schneid. in a mixed stand. Yellow sticky traps were used to qualify and quantify the number of aerial leafhoppers from 1 May 2001 until 4 September 2001. A total of 4,523 individuals, belonging to 39 species within seven leafhopper subfamilies, were trapped. The weekly mean number of leafhoppers collected was significantly higher on traps from `Patriot', followed by `Frontier' and `Prospector', than on traps from the USNA seedling selections. Although the weekly mean species richness for `Prospector' was lower than the other two cultivars, the three cultivars had higher mean species richness than the USNA seedling selections of U. szechuanica and U. bergmanniana. Diversity among cultivars was higher than among the USNA seedling selections. Ulmus bergmanniana 68983 and U. szechuanica 68986 shared the highest percentage of species similarity, while `Frontier' and U. szechuanica 68991 were the most dissimilar. Of the species collected, Agallia quadripunctata, Empoasca fabae and Graphocephala versuta were the most abundant. The other species were mostly rare based on their low abundance. Scaphoideus luteolus, the only confirmed vector of elm yellows in North America, was found among the elm cultivars only. Yet, the Cicadellinae leafhoppers that are vectors of Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of bacterial leaf scorch, were found among both the cultivars and USNA seedling selections. Such data could allow for the screening and selection of elms resistant to economically important leafhoppers.

Macrozoobenthos communities of small reservoirs of the Zhambyl region of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Farizat Altayeva
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
High Class ◽  
Small Reservoirs ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
The Republic

The benthic fauna of 15 reservoirs located in the territory of the Zhambyl region in the Baizak, Zhambyl, Sarysu and Ryskulovsky districts is characterized. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the benthic fauna of the studied reservoirs is heterogeneous, the species composition of zoobenthos in various reservoirs ranged from 1 (Kosheney reservoir) to 6 (Kenes Lake) taxa. The number was in the range 40–480 copies/m², with a biomass 0.03–27.22 mg/m². The bioproductivity of reservoirs in the Baizak district varied from a very low class of α-oligotrophic type to a high class of β-eutrophic type, the number was in the range 160–480 specimens/m², with a biomass 0.76–27.22 mg/m². In the Zhambyl region, from 3 to 6 invertebrate species were identified as part of the macrozoobenthos. The abundance varied 340–360 specimens/m², with a biomass 7.0–17.99 mg/m². Based on the average indicators of the zoobenthos biomass, the level of productivity of the reservoirs of the Zhambyl district varied from the middle class of the β-mesotrophic type to the elevated class of the α-eutrophic type. The zoobenthos of the reservoirs of the Sarysu district varied from 3 to 6 taxa, the number of zoobenthos in the reservoirs ranged from 80 to 160 specimens/m², the biomass 0.36–1.1 mg/m². The value of the biomass of zoobenthos in the reservoirs of the Sarysu district is characteristic of lakes of a very low productivity class, alpha-oligotrophic type. The species diversity of zoobenthos in the reservoirs of the Ryskulovsky district varied from 1 to 3 species. The number varied 40–80 copies/m², the biomass 0.03–17.33 mg/m². The productivity of the reservoirs of the Ryskulovsky district varied from a very low class of α-oligotrophic type to an increased class of α-eutrophic type. According to the frequency of occurrence in all reservoirs, the class of oligochaetes dominated — 20% of the total number of taxa. The Serensen coefficient of species similarity between benthic communities in the districts was 56%.

scholarly journals 17 Years Successional Enrichment Plantation of Tree Recruitment and Restoration in Tropical Forestland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Eromosele Omomoh ◽  
Victor AJ Adekunle
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Result Show ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract BackgroundWe examine the recruitment drive of overstorey and undergrowth of tropical forested reserve by assessing the tree diversity, species composition, species richness, and growth form of the undergrowth on 17 years of post-disturbance. ResultThe result show an increase in the diversity and even distribution of the species of the overstorey, compared to the undergrowth. Conversely, the overstorey has a lower in species richness as compared to the level of undergrowth. One way ANOVA results shows that there is no significant difference (P = 0.341). However, undergrowth density (individual/ha) is found to be significantly (P = 0.000) higher than the overstorey trees.ConclusionsIt is evident that the forest trees and saplings are dissimilar in species abundance, which implies that sapling recruitment is a key determinant of the tree species composition of the forest. It is then concluded that the method adopted for restoration encouraged species diversity in this successional forest.

scholarly journals Distance Effects on Diversity and Abundance of the Flower Visitors of Ocimum kilimandscharicum in the Kakamega Forest Ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellen K. Mandela ◽  
Mugatsia H. Tsingalia ◽  
Mary Gikungu ◽  
Wilbur M. Lwande
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Flower Visitors ◽  
Kakamega Forest ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

Pollination is an important ecosystem service in the maintenance of biodiversity and most importantly in food production. Pollination is on the decline due to habitat loss, exotic species invasions, pollution, overharvesting, and land use changes. This study analyzed the abundance and diversity of flower visitors’ of Ocimum kilimandscharicum in Kakamega forest with increasing distance from the forest edge. Data were collected through direct observation and sweep netting. Six study sites were identified along two transects each 2.5 km long and labeled A to F. Distance in metres from the forest edge to each site was A=221, B=72, C=83, D=198, E=113, and F=50. Sampling was done from 7:30 am to 4:00 pm, three days in a week for five months consecutively. Diversity indices of different flower visitors were calculated using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare differences between sites and a two-sample t-test was used to identify mean significant differences in species diversity between the closest and the furthest sites. A total of 645 individuals belonging to 35 species were captured from 4 families. The highest diversity was at site F (H’= 2.38) which was closest to the forest edge and the lowest diversity was from site A (H’=1.44) which was furthest from the forest edge. Distance from the forest edge significantly influenced species diversity (F(3, 20)=14.67, p=0.024). Distance from the forest edge also significantly influenced species abundance between the furthest sites A, D, and E and the nearest sites F, B, and C to the forest edge (t=4.177; p=0.0312) and species richness (t=3.2893; p=0.0187). This study clearly demonstrates that Ocimum kilimandscharicum flower visitors play essential roles in pollination and their higher number of visits translates into higher numbers of seeds set. Many of these pollinators are associated with the forest and hence the need to conserve the Kakamega forest as a source pool for pollinators.

scholarly journals Composition and diversity of anurans in the Restinga of the Conde municipality, northern coast of the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Augusto Trindade Gondim-Silva ◽  
Alessandra Rodrigues Santos Andrade ◽  
Rafael Oliveira Abreu ◽  
Jamile Santos Nascimento ◽  
Geovane Paixão Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Anuran Species

Abstract The Conde municipality is located in the northern coast of the state of Bahia (NC), northeastern Brazil, and is part of the Atlantic Tropical domain. The anuran fauna of the northern portion of the NC is still poorly known if compared to the southern portion. The Restinga is one of the predominant environments of the coastal plains of the NC and it is characterized essentially by presenting sandy soil covered by herbaceous and shrubby vegetation. The objective of this study was to determine the anuran species composition and diversity for the Restinga of the Conde municipality. Sampling was carried out at night by active search over four periods of five consecutive days each, two over the 'main rainy season' and two in a 'lesser rainy season', using 14 sample units (SUs) and five extra sample plots (EPs). We calculated dominance and species diversity using the Berger-Parker and Shannon-Wiener H' indices, respectively. We used accumulation curves and the Jackknife 1 estimator to estimate anuran species richness, considering only the data obtained from the SUs. We recorded 713 anuran specimens distributed within 33 species, 13 genera and five families (Bufonidae, Craugastoridae, Hylidae, Leptodactylidae and Microhylidae). The Hylidae and Leptodactylidae families had the highest species richness. Considering only the SUs (Jackknife 1 estimator in brackets), we recorded 28 species in the study area (33.9 ± 2.3), 13 in Shrubby Vegetation Zones - SVZ (20.8 ± 2.9) and 25 in Freshwater Wetland Zones - FWZ (28.9 ± 1.9). The abundance and species diversity of the FWZ (n = 638 specimens; H'= 2.4) were higher than those recorded for the SVZ (n = 52 specimens; H' = 1.9). The SVZ and FWZ showed distinct dominant species, wherein Pristimantis paulodutrai was the dominant species in SVZ and Scinax fuscomarginatus in FWZ. The Restinga of the Conde municipality stands out as the one with the highest anuran species richness already recorded considering only SVZ and FWZ. Moreover, its anuran species composition represented 55% of the anuran species known for the NC and included taxa common to three different morphoclimatic domains (Tropical Atlantic, Cerrado and Caatinga).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document