scholarly journals Effect of Cooling of Medium on Fruit Set in High-bench Strawberry Culture

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Ikeda ◽  
Keisuke Yamazaki ◽  
Hiroshi Kumakura ◽  
Hiroshi Hamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Terminal Inflorescence ◽  
Bud Emergence ◽  
Axillary Branch ◽  
Forcing Culture ◽  
High Bench

We demonstrated the effect of cooling of the medium on the fruit set of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) grown on high benches for forcing culture. The cooling by water evaporation promoted by a fan enabled to cool the medium by an average of several degrees compared with no cooling. When runner plants were transplanted in late summer, cooling accelerated flower bud emergence almost 10 days on the primary axillary branch compared with plants grown in uncooled medium. Also, with cooling, fruit was harvested from the inflorescence of the primary axillary branch almost 10 days earlier. We expect that this technique will allow early transplanting around the end of summer and will shorten the time between fruit set on the terminal inflorescence and that on the inflorescence of the primary axillary branch.

scholarly journals Reproductive biology of Vatica venulosa Blume (Dipterocarpaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aulia Hasan Widjaya ◽  
Dian Latifah ◽  
KATE A. HARDWICK ◽  
M. Rahmad Suhartanto ◽  
Endah Retno Palupi
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Bud Emergence

Abstract. Widjaya AH, Latifah D, Hardwick KA, Suhartanto MR, Palupi ER. 2021. Reproductive biology of Vatica venulosa Blume (Dipterocarpaceae). Biodiversitas 22: 4327-4337. Vatica venulosa Blume is categorized as Critically Endangered A1c ver 2.3, according to the IUCN Red List. A study of the reproductive biology of V. venulosa Blume was carried out in August 2019-February 2020 at the Research Center for Plant Conservation and Botanic Gardens, Bogor, Indonesia. The research observed flower morphology, flower development, type of pollination, fruit and seed structures. V. venulosa is categorized as having a sub-annual flowering pattern. The flowering phenology of V. venulosa from flower bud emergence until fruit senescence takes about 6 months. The flower is hermaphroditic, with position of the pistil is higher/longer than the stamen; and pollen was released prior to stigma being receptive (protandrous). V. venulosa is a cross-pollinated plant, the flower visitors are insect nymphs of Thrips sp. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), which are white and 1-1.5 mm in size. The percentage of blooming flowers was 32.3-37.9%, fruit set 10.9 %-12.6%. Seed physiological maturity  is reached at the age of 101±3-106±3 days after the flowers bloom when the wings are yellow green or green orange in color. V. venulosa seed is a non endospermous seed, and the cotyledons are composed mainly of small clumps of starch, being 42.5% carbohydrate.

scholarly journals Heat unit accumulation and inflorescence and fruit development in ‘Ubá’ mango trees grown in Visconde do Rio Branco-MG

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Moreira Carvalho Lemos ◽  
Luiz Carlos Chamhum Salomão ◽  
Dalmo Lopes de Siqueira ◽  
Olinto Liparini Pereira ◽  
Paulo Roberto Cecon
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Heat Units ◽  
Mango Tree ◽  
Apical Bud

Abstract There are little information in the scientific literature on flowering and fruiting of ‘Ubá’ mango trees. These information enables to know the proportion of hermaphrodite flowers in inflorescence, fruit set percentage and developmental stages of the fruit. In this study evaluations on inflorescence and fruit development of the ‘Ubá’ mango tree (Mangifera indica L.) were carried out, as well as the determination of the required number of heat units for full fruit development. Thirty branches whose terminal buds were swollen were selected from five mango trees. With the aid of a camera and a caliper, the panicle and fruit development were evaluated weekly until full fruit development. A digital thermometer was used to record ambient temperatures during fruit development in order to estimate the number of heat units required for complete development of the fruits. Male and hermaphrodite flowers of the panicles were also identified and counted. The developmental cycle of ‘Ubá’ mango from the beginning of apical bud swelling to commercial harvest of the fruit lasted 168 days in 2011 and 154 days in 2012. The number of hermaphrodite flowers and the percentage of fruit set in the inflorescence in 2011 were 32.3 and 0.066%, respectively; and 122.1 and 0.099% in 2012, respectively. There was accumulation of 3,173 heat units from flower bud swelling to full development of the ‘Ubá’ mangoes.

scholarly journals Gibberellic acid, paclobutrazol, fluoridone, abscisic acid affecting flowering and fruit set of coffee

1969 ◽  
Vol 89 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Flores ◽  
Winston De la Torre ◽  
Miguel Monroig ◽  
Wigmar González
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Late Development ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Initial Reduction ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Applications of gibberellic acid (GA), paclobutrazol and gibberellic acid (Paclo/GA), fluoridone and gibberellic acid (FL/GA), and abscisic acid (ABA) were made to synchronize flowering in coffee trees (Coffea arabica L.). Overall growth of trees and branches was not affected by the treatments. Production of new leaves was not affected by the treatments. However, the Paclo/GA treatment tended to increase the production of secondary branches. Flower bud production was affected by the ABA treatment during the first three weeks, showing an initial reduction in number and a late development of buds. Plants receiving the GA treatment produced more flowers during the first week of evaluation as well as a higher number and greater weight of mature fruits during the first week of harvesting. 

scholarly journals GALL MIDGES, CONTARINIA AGRIMONIAE FELT AND DASINEURA SPP. (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE), ASSOCIATED WITH BLACKBERRY FLOWER INJURIES AND NUBBINS

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 750a-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert D. Stiles ◽  
Paul J. Semtner
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
North American ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Gall Midges ◽  
History Of

Larvae of Contarinia agrimoniae Felt, a gall midge, were discovered during 1986 in blossoms of blackberry cultivars and wild-growing plants that had a history of poor fruit set and `nubbin' formation (Stiles, Semtner, and Reed, 1996). Other species damage blackberries in Europe, but the only North American recognition of Rubus flower bud infestation was with Dasineura rubiflorae Felt during 1886 (Gagne, 1989). During 1995 we found larvae of a Dasineura spp. in damaged buds at two, widely separated, commercial, North Carolina, blackberry sites. It is not known if the latter insects are different from the species that was collected during 1886. Midge larvae probably overwinter in soil under affected plants so we sprayed diazinon on the soil surface before bloom to kill larvae or interfere with pupation and reduce crop injuries. Infested `Shawnee' and `Cheyenne' buds were ≈100% more numerous among controls than diazinon-treated plots. Numbers of larvae varied among infested buds; 83 were observed in one bud from a nontreated `Cheyenne' plot.

scholarly journals Flower Ontogenesis and Fruit Development of Synsepalum dulcificum

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Xingwei ◽  
Thohirah Lee Abdullah ◽  
Sima Taheri ◽  
Nur Ashikin Psyquay Abdullah ◽  
Siti Aishah Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Flower Morphology ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
The Family ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Microscopic Techniques ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Synsepalum dulcificum from the family Sapotaceae is known as miracle fruit and is a valuable horticultural species. All plant parts are of medicinal importance whereas the fruit known as magic berry, miracle berry, or sweet berry is consumed fresh. Surprisingly, very little is known on the species in terms of flower morphology and flower development. In this study, an observation on the flower morphology and flower development of miracle fruit has been made with the aid of microscopic techniques. Miracle fruit flower requires 100 days to develop from reproductive meristem to full anthesis. The flower development can be divided into six stages based on the size and appearance of the flower bud. The fruit with persistent style developed and ripened 90 days after anthesis. Heavy fruit drop was observed at 40–60 days after anthesis which contributed to the final fruit set of average of 5.06% per plant. Through this study, miracle fruit is strongly insect pollinated and prevents self-fertilization. A study on pollination ecology is needed to identify the pollinator for miracle fruit, as this is important in manipulating fruit loading in the future.

scholarly journals Irrigation Schedules and Annual Ryegrass as a Ground Cover to Conserve Water and Control Peach Tree Growth

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 908-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Huslig ◽  
Michael W. Smith ◽  
Gerald H. Brusewitz
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

Irrigation schedules were evaluated on `Cresthaven' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] to determine if water application could he reduced or omitted without affecting fruit size or yield. Tensiometers were used to schedule trickle irrigation during 1984-M. Treatments were no irrigation or irrigation when soil pressure potential at a 30-cm depth reached 40 or 60 kPa, respectively. When production began in 1986, trees were either irrigated until harvest (1-7 Aug.) or until October. Beginning in 1989, class A pan evaporation was used to schedule irrigation by replacing 60% of evaporation. Trees were irrigated from budbreak to harvest or October, from beginning of stage III fruit growth until harvest or October, or trees were not irrigated. The irrigation treatments were in factorial combination using sod middles, with annual ryegrass (Lolium multiforum Lam.) seeded under the trees or a sod-herbicide strip. The ryegrass was seeded in October, then killed at the onset of stage III fruit growth. Water application was reduced 32% to 57% when irrigation was discontinued after harvest compared to irrigation until October. Irrigation before stage III fruit growth did not affect fruit yield, size, or pruning weights compared to trees irrigated at the onset of stage III fruit growth. Trunk size was increased by irrigation; however, there were no differences in trunk size among irrigation treatments. Irrigation occasionally increased fruit size and yield compared to no irrigation. There were few differences in flower bud density, fruit set, yield, or fruit size among trees with reduced irrigation schedules compared to trees receiving irrigation from budbreak until October. Annual ryegrass decreased shoot growth in 1990 and flower bud density in 1991; however, fruit set was not affected. Annual ryegrass depleted excess soil moisture during the spring in some years, then conserved soil moisture after it was killed. Using sod with annual ryegrass under the trees may be a viable alternative to management with sodherbicide strips.

scholarly journals Hedgerow Orientation Affects Canopy Exposure, Flowering, and Fruiting of `Anjou' Pear Trees

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 984-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Khemira ◽  
P.B. Lombard ◽  
David Sugar ◽  
Anita N. Azarenko
Keyword(s):  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Different Levels

Mature hedgerows of `Anjou' pear (Pyrus communis L.) trees, planted north(N)-south (S) or east (E)-west (W), were used to study the effect of hedgerow orientation on fruiting and canopy exposure. In 1990, flower bud density tended to be lower on the E-W rows, especially on their N sides. Fruit set (FS) was highest on the S side of E-W rows and lowest on the N side, while the E and W sides of the N-S rows were intermediate. Crop density (CD) had a similar pattern as FS, with more fruit on the S than on the N side of the E-W rows. CD was more evenly distributed between the sides on the N-S hedgerows. Differences in FS and CD between sides were related to different levels of sunlight interception. Light exposure was lowest on the N sides of the E-W rows and highest on the S sides throughout the growing season and especially toward the equinoxes. Increased exposure to the sun on the S and W sides late in the season led to more fruit with solar injury. Fruit from E–W rows were larger and less firm. Accumulated yields over 11 years showed a 21.4% increase in the N-S rows over those of the E-W rows.

scholarly journals Flower Bud Stage and Chill Hours Influence the Activity of GA3 Applied to Rabbiteye Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. NeSmith ◽  
Gerard Krewer
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei

Individual flower clusters of `Tifblue' rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) were treated with 300 ppm GA at several flower bud stages to determine the activity of the growth regulator in promoting fruit set. Applications were made one time only at a specified stage of flower development, or once followed by a second application. A single application of GA when flower buds had elongated but corollas had not expanded (stage 5) led to the largest increase in fruit set. Two applications of GA, 10 to 18 days apart, increased fruit set compared with a single application at flower developmental stages other than stage 5. Fruit set promoted by a single spray of GA imposed on fully expanded corollas (stage 6) decreased with increasing number of chill hours (350, 520, 760, or 1150). Chemical names used: gibberellic acid (GA).

scholarly journals Hydrogen Cyanamide Stimulates Early Foliation of `Misty' Southern Highbush Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 537C-537
Author(s):  
J.G. Williamson ◽  
R.L. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Chilling Treatment

Two-year-old, container-grown `Misty' southern highbush blueberry plants were sprayed to drip with two concentrations of hydrogen cyanamide (HCN) (20.4 g·L–1 and 10.2 g·L–1) after exposure to 0, 150, or 300 hr of continuous chilling at 5.6°C. All plants were sprayed immediately after chilling and placed in a greenhouse for several weeks. The plants were moved outdoors during flowering to increase cross-pollination from nearby `Sharpblue' blueberry plants. HCN sprays killed some of the more advanced flower buds on shoot terminals and on small-diameter wood from the previous spring growth flush. Significantly greater flower bud mortality occurred for the 20.4 g·L–1 HCN sprays than for the 10.2 g·L–1 sprays. Flower buds subjected to 0 hr of chilling were more susceptible to spray burn than flower buds receiving 150 or 300 hr of chilling. Very little flower bud death occurred with the 10.2 g·L–1 HCN rate on plants receiving 300 hr of chilling. Vegetative budbreak was advanced for both HCN treatments compared to controls, regardless of chilling treatment. HCN-treated plants were heavily foliated at full bloom, while non-treated plants had very few to no leaves during bloom. HCN may be useful for stimulating vegetative growth in some southern highbush blueberry cultivars that suffer from poor foliation during flowering and fruit set.

scholarly journals Influence of some environmental factors on the feijoa (Acca sellowiana [Berg] Burret): A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-397
Author(s):  
Gerhard Fischer ◽  
Alfonso Parra-Coronado
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Acca Sellowiana ◽  
Very High

Climatic alterations affect the physiology, growth and production of the feijoa, a native plant to the higher zone between Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay and Argentina. In Colombia, optimal growth temperatures are between 13 and 21°C (16°C). Very high temperatures (>32°C) affect pollination and fruit set, but low temperatures down to -4°C in adult plants do not cause significant damage. Thus, feijoa is a well-adapted plant to cold conditions since 3.04°C has been found as the base (minimum) temperature for the phase between flower bud and fruit set, while 1.76°C was measured as the base temperature for fruit development. The plant requires a minimum of 1000 hours of direct sunlight/year (optimum≥1500); the pyramidal form of the tree favors the entry of light into the crown organs. In the crown of a feijoa tree, trained with three branching levels of horizontal bent primary laterals, the outer middle quadrant produces the largest fruits, compared to those that grow in the upper quadrant. The reduced fruit growth is due to the excessive incidence of light (especially UV) and heat on these fruits on the periphery of the tree. In Colombia, altitudes between 1800 and 2700 meters above sea level (m a.s.l.) are adequate for growth and production of this fruit, while lower elevations favor the incidence of fruit flies. Precipitations between 700 and 1200 mm/year (max. 2000 mm) benefit the vegetative and reproductive performance of the tree, with an important drier season at the beginning of the reproductive season (flowering and fruit set). Due to the strength of its branches and the small, thick leaves, the tree is relatively wind resistant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document