Ornamental Plant Response to Percentage of Reclaimed Water Irrigation

Vinca [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don], salvia (Salvia splendens F. Sellow ex Roem. and Schult.), Dwarf Yaupon holly (Ilex vomitoria Ait. ‘Nana’), and ‘Helleri’ holly (Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Helleri’) were grown in 2.3-L containers with soilless substrates in a greenhouse. Irrigation was applied as needed to the substrate surface or applied to the substrate surface and applied over plant foliage. Irrigation for both application methods was composed of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% reclaimed water (processed sewage) with deionized water composing the remainder. Shoot dry weights of marketable-sized plants were either larger or similar when 100% reclaimed water was used compared with 0% reclaimed water (deionized). Root dry weights exhibited a similar response except for salvia roots that were smaller with 100% reclaimed water irrigation regardless of application method. Leachate NO3-N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) generally decreased throughout the experiments for vinca and Dwarf Yaupon holly and were highest at experiment midpoint for ‘Helleri’ holly and lowest for salvia. Leachate electrical conductivities (ECs) were generally highest at experiment termination for vinca and salvia, whereas ECs of Dwarf Yaupon and ‘Helleri’ holly tended to peak at experimental midpoint and then decrease slightly at termination. ECs were usually less than 2 dS·m−1 except at experimental midpoint (4.5 months) for ‘Helleri’ holly. Based on the response of plants in this research, high-quality reclaimed water is a viable water source for annual and woody container-grown nursery crops.

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Using Reclaimed Water to Irrigate Turfgrass – Lessons Learned from Research with Phosphorus

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-ss592-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 (10) ◽

Author(s):

George Hochmuth ◽

Jinghua Fan ◽

Jason Kruse ◽

Jerry Sartain

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Potable Water ◽

Reclaimed Water ◽

Water Source ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Treatment Facility ◽

Alternative Water ◽

Reclaimed Water Irrigation ◽

Soil And Water

Municipal wastes are treated at a wastewater treatment facility to produce biosolids and reclaimed water. Reclaimed water treated by filtration and chlorination is safe to use for designated purposes, such as residential landscape irrigation. Florida began using reclaimed water in 1966, and it is a leading state for using reclaimed water. Approximately 660 million gallons of reclaimed water are used every day in Florida, and the state encourages using reclaimed water as an alternative water source to reduce the pressure on potable water supplies. This 3-page fact sheet summarizes the results of a recent research project and provides research-based information for improving nutrient and water management with reclaimed water irrigation of turfgrass. Written by George Hochmuth, Jinghua Fan, Jason Kruse, and Jerry Sartain, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, November 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss592

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Using Reclaimed Water to Irrigate Turfgrass – Lessons Learned from Research with Nitrogen

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-ss591-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 (10) ◽

Author(s):

George Hochmuth ◽

Jinghua Fan ◽

Jason Kruse ◽

Jerry Sartain

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Potable Water ◽

Reclaimed Water ◽

Water Source ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Treatment Facility ◽

Alternative Water ◽

Reclaimed Water Irrigation ◽

Soil And Water

Municipal wastes are treated at a wastewater treatment facility to produce biosolids and reclaimed water. Reclaimed water treated by filtration and chlorination is safe to use for designated purposes, such as residential landscape irrigation. Florida began using reclaimed water in 1966, and it is a leading state for using reclaimed water. Approximately 660 million gallons of reclaimed water are used every day in Florida, and the state encourages using reclaimed water as an alternative water source to reduce the pressure on potable water supplies. This 5-page fact sheet summarizes the results of a recent research project and provides research-based information for improving nutrient and water management with reclaimed water irrigation of turfgrass. Written by George Hochmuth, Jinghua Fan, Jason Kruse, and Jerry Sartain, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, November 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss591

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The Effect of Multi-Years Reclaimed Water Irrigation on Dryland Carbon Sequestration in the North China Plain

Water ◽

10.3390/w13223260 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 3260

Author(s):

Yanbing Chi ◽

Qiang Zheng ◽

Peiling Yang ◽

Shumei Ren ◽

Ning Ma

Keyword(s):

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Soil Carbon ◽

Pore Space ◽

Reclaimed Water ◽

Water Source ◽

Irrigated Agriculture ◽

Agricultural Systems ◽

The North ◽

Ch4 Uptake ◽

Reclaimed Water Irrigation

Reclaimed water is an alternative water source which could alleviate the shortage of water resources in agricultural systems. Many researchers have studied the effect of reclaimed water on soil environment, crop yield, etc. However, carbon sequestration in reclaimed water irrigated agricultural systems is less studied. This study investigates methane uptake and photosynthesis in reclaimed water irrigation systems contributing to carbon sequestration estimation and analyzes the important factors impacting them. The results show that CH4 uptake is related to soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) with a quadratic and it has the highest uptake when WFPS is between 40 and 50%. Long-term reclaimed water irrigation could significantly decrease (p < 0.05) CH4 uptake and macroaggregate stability in the topsoil. However, reclaimed water had no significant impact on photosynthesis in comparison. The type of fertilizer is an important factor which impacts CH4 emission from soil; urea had a lower CH4 uptake and a higher CO2 emission than slow-released fertilizer. Overall, reclaimed water irrigation could effectively decrease soil carbon sequestration. A soil wetted proportion level of 40–50% was recommended in this study for favorable methane oxidation. Slow-released fertilizer in reclaimed water irrigated agriculture could better control soil carbon emission and soil carbon absorption.

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Impact of reclaimed water irrigation on groundwater in an agricultural area

2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection ◽

10.1109/iswrep.2011.5893417 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Jilai Liu ◽

Tianming Huang ◽

Jie Li ◽

Sufen Wang

Keyword(s):

Reclaimed Water ◽

Agricultural Area ◽

Reclaimed Water Irrigation

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Pilot electrochemical prevention of reclaimed water irrigation clogging: Function interactions and microbial metabolism

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130436 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 130436

Author(s):

Sijie Huang ◽

Ning Zhang ◽

Yunkai Li ◽

Peng Song ◽

Zhidan Liu

Keyword(s):

Reclaimed Water ◽

Microbial Metabolism ◽

Reclaimed Water Irrigation

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Short-term effects of reclaimed water irrigation: Jatropha curcas L. cultivation

Ecological Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.06.028 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

pp. 44-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

A. de Miguel ◽

V. Martínez-Hernández ◽

M. Leal ◽

V. González-Naranjo ◽

I. de Bustamante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Reclaimed Water ◽

Short Term ◽

Jatropha Curcas L ◽

Reclaimed Water Irrigation ◽

Short Term Effects

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Impact of Long-Term Reclaimed Water Irrigation on the Distribution of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil: An In-Situ Experiment Study in the North China Plain

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16040649 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 649 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiaomin Gu ◽

Yong Xiao ◽

Shiyang Yin ◽

Honglu Liu ◽

Baohui Men ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxic Elements ◽

Reclaimed Water ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Potentially Toxic Elements ◽

In Situ Experiment ◽

The North ◽

Reclaimed Water Irrigation

The widespread use of reclaimed water has alleviated the water resource crisis worldwide, but long-term use of reclaimed water for irrigation, especially in agricultural countries, might threaten the soil environment and further affect groundwater quality. An in-situ experiment had been carried out in the North China Plain, which aimed to reveal the impact of long-term reclaimed water irrigation on soil properties and distribution of potentially toxic elements (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Zn and Pb) in the soil profile as well as shallow groundwater. Four land plots were irrigated with different quantity of reclaimed water to represent 0, 13, 22 and 35 years’ irrigation duration. Pollution Load Index (PLI) values of each soil layer were calculated to further assess the pollution status of irrigated soils by potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Results showed that long-term reclaimed water irrigation caused appreciable increase of organic matter content, and might improve the soil quality. High soil organic matter concentrations conduced to high adsorption and retention capacity of the soils toward PTEs, which could reduce the risk of PTEs leaching into deep layers or shallow groundwater. Highest levels of Cr, Pb and Zn were observed at 200–240 cm and 460–500 cm horizons in plots. Longer irrigation time (35 years and 22 years) resulted in a decreasing trend of As, Cd, Hg, Pb and Zn in lower part of soil profiles (>540 cm) compared with that with 13-years’ irrigation years. Long-term reclaimed water irrigation still brought about increases in concentrations of some elements in deep soil layer although their content in soils and shallow groundwater was below the national standard. Totally speaking, proper management for reclaimed water irrigation, such as reduction of irrigation volume and rate of reclaimed water, was still needed when a very long irrigation period was performed.

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The Impact of Reclaimed Water Irrigation on Soil Microbial Community Structure

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.3635 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 955-959 ◽

pp. 3635-3639 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ji Hua Wang ◽

Xue Gong ◽

Jian Fei Guan ◽

Hui Yan Xing

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Community Structure ◽

Soil Microbial Community ◽

Soil Column ◽

Reclaimed Water ◽

Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

The Impact ◽

Reclaimed Water Irrigation

The reclaimed water treated in a Harbin recycled water plant has been taken as a target of research, by using microbial traditional culture method and tablet coated counting method, discussing the influence of the reclaimed water irrigation on soil microbial community structure through the method of short-term indoor simulated soil column irrigation. The results shows that the reclaimed water irrigation can significantly increase the quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes in the surface 0-20 cm layer soil, but it has little affect on 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layer soil. Microbial community structure and diversity were changed relatively with the irrigation of reclaimed water, which embodied the increase or decrease of dominant and subdominant groups, the disappearance of non-dominant groups sensitive to reclaimed water, the appear or disappear of the other part of the occasional groups.

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Characterizing the Variation of Dissolvable PAHs in Receiving Water in a Reclaimed Water Irrigation Region

Water ◽

10.3390/w12102766 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 2766

Author(s):

Yajun Wang ◽

Binghua Li ◽

Ying Ma ◽

Lihu Yang ◽

Xianfang Song

Keyword(s):

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Environmental Pollutants ◽

Reclaimed Water ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Ecosystem Functions ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Potential Factors ◽

Reclaimed Water Irrigation

Long-term wastewater and reclaimed water irrigation systems constitute the major processes in local water circulation, which concomitantly introduce plenty of undesirable substances that can threaten water quality, ecosystem functions and human health. At the Southeast Reclaimed Water Irrigation Region (SRWIR) of Beijing, wastewater irrigation was adopted from 1969 to 2002, and second-treated effluents (reclaimed water) has been used thereafter. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were the most ubiquitously detected contaminant in wastewater and reclaimed water and are reported to be carcinogenic. Hence, we measured the concentrations of dissolved sixteen United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) priority PAHs in surface water and groundwater at the SRWIR to characterize their spatial and temporal variations, and to clarify the role of reclaimed water to natural water. The concentration of 16 individual PAHs in reclaimed water, rivers and groundwater varied from 339.4 to 636.2 ng/L, 359.1 to 3,435.0 ng/L and 216.5 to 488,205.2 ng/L, respectively. The lower aromatic rings of PAHs prevailed in aquatic environments rather than the higher ones. Thereinto, naphthalene was the predominant isomer within the highest concentration reached to 486,600 µg/L. The groundwater samples had higher PAHs concentrations at Tongzhou district which attributed to the higher vulnerability of aquifer. Additionally, strong correlations between PAHs and total nitrogen, nitrate, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity suggested those potential factors affecting the photo degradation and/or biodegradation of PAHs. The relationship identified between PAHs concentrations and physical and chemical indices would help us to enhance the understanding migration and transformation of PAHs spatially and temporally, enable us to assess the potential risks of the environmental pollutants to aquatic organisms and human water supplies.

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