Effects of Early Defoliation on Yield, Fruit Composition, and Harvest Season Cluster Rot Complex of Grapevines

Viticulture in Michigan is limited by a cool and humid climate and as a result, there is a problem of harvest season cluster rot, especially in cultivars with compact cluster morphology. Economically important wine grape varieties in eastern North America possess varying susceptibility to harvest season cluster rot. Some important cultivars that are susceptible are Pinot gris, Pinot noir, Riesling (Vitis vinifera L.) as well as Seyval and Vignoles (French–American hybrids or interspecific hybrid cultivars). A common characteristic of these cultivars is the compactness of the berries held on the cluster rachis. The aim of this work was to determine whether a quantified amount of leaf removal or a temporary reduction in carbon assimilation at the beginning of bloom would reduce fruit set and cluster compactness. Vines subjected to removal of four or six basal leaves had an average fruit set reduction of ≈45% from a non-treated control. Cluster weight and berries per cluster were similarly reduced with a greater effect on the basal than the apical cluster of the shoot. Reduced fruit set was associated with a reduction in cluster compactness and harvest season rot. This was also reflected in yield and basic fruit chemistry parameters associated with the importance of basal leaves to the developing cluster. Multiple applications of stylet oil at different time intervals resulted in significant reduction in net photosynthesis (Pn). A single application had no significant impact on Pn, whereas multiple applications reduced leaf assimilation rates. However, this reduction in Pn did not reduce fruit set or improve cluster compactness. There was a strong negative effect of early leaf removal in Year 1 on vine performance in Year 2; this carryover effect increased shootless nodes per vine, reduced the number of clusters per shoot and per vine, and dramatically reduced fruit set and consequently yield per vine.

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Whole-Canopy Source-Sink Balance at Bloom Dictates Fruit Set in cv. Pinot noir Subjected to Early Leaf Removal

American Journal of Enology and Viticulture ◽

10.5344/ajev.2019.19004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 411-419

Author(s):

Tommaso Frioni ◽

Dana Acimovic ◽

Joshua VanderWeide ◽

Sergio Tombesi ◽

Alberto Palliotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Set ◽

Pinot Noir ◽

Leaf Removal ◽

Source Sink

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PHOTOSYNTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS AND FIBRE PRODUCTION FOLLOWING DEFOLIATION IN ATTALEA FUNIFERA MART., ARECACEAE, GROWING UNDER FULL SUN AND FOREST UNDERSTOREY

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479713000148 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 435-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

THEDE CAIRES PAMPONET ◽

FÁBIO PINTO GOMES ◽

ALEX-ALAN FURTADO DE ALMEIDA ◽

MARCELO SCHRAMM MIELKE ◽

LUANA MAHÉ COSTA GOMES ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Assimilation ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Fibre Production ◽

Growth Characteristics ◽

Leaf Removal ◽

Evaluation Period ◽

Leaf Level ◽

High Production ◽

Forest Understorey ◽

Induced Changes

SUMMARYThe effects of leaves cut during fibre harvesting of Attalea funifera under contrasting irradiance availability were evaluated, studying defoliation-induced changes in photosynthetic and growth characteristics and fibre production in adult individuals of A. funifera growing under full sun and forest understorey. Fibre harvesting was performed with or without (control plants) leaf removal twice in a 12-month interval. Maximum measured values of net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance and transpiration were higher in full sun defoliated palms than in non-defoliated palms in the same environment or in understorey palms of the two treatments. Non-defoliated palms from the two environments emitted more leaves than defoliated palms in the same evaluation period. The increment in the leaf-level rate of carbon assimilation following defoliation did not lead to high production of fibre, suggesting that the photosynthetic compensation for leaf removal was not effective, at least during the period of evaluation. The results indicate that leaf removal during harvesting did not represent an advantage for fibre production and may even lead to decreases in leaf and fibre production.

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Carbon partitioning between shoot organs following early leaf removal

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20191303002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 03002

Author(s):

Paolo Sabbatini ◽

Dana Acimovic ◽

Tommaso Frioni ◽

Sergio Tombesi ◽

Paolo Sivilotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shoot Apex ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Carbon Allocation ◽

Pinot Noir ◽

Sink Strength ◽

Leaf Removal ◽

Basal Leaf ◽

Fruit Composition ◽

Defoliation Treatment ◽

Cool Climate

In grapevines, basal leaf removal at bloom often induces a reduction of fruit set. The effect is related to a reduction in carbon availability for different plant organs competing for photosynthates. To understand and quantify carbon allocation among major sink organs following the early basal leaf removal, the effect of early basal defoliation was studied in Pinot noir grapevines. The experiment was performed in Michigan, a cool climate viticultural region, and three levels of defoliation were imposed at full bloom: (1) no leaves removed (DF-0); (2) six leaves removed from six basal nodes (DF-6); and (3) ten leaves removed from ten basal nodes (DF-10). A week after the defoliation treatment, 13C pulsing was executed to the defoliated shoots. Photosynthesis (Pn), carbon distribution, fruit set, vine performance and basic fruit composition were measured. LR treatments induced higher Pn when compared to LR-0. The highest 13C allocation (%) was recorded in the shoot apex of the LR-10 treatment and LR-10 had the lowest percentage of 13C transported to the cluster, with a reduced fruit set of about 60% when compared to LR-0. The severity of leaf removal reduced significantly fruit set and increased shoot apex sink strength at the expense of the cluster.

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Discrimination of brazilian red varietal wines according to their sensory descriptors

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542011000600018 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 1172-1176 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alberto Miele ◽

Luiz Antenor Rizzon

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Total Variation ◽

Principal Component ◽

Pinot Noir ◽

The Other ◽

Sensory Characteristics ◽

Cabernet Sauvignon ◽

Sensory Panel ◽

Red Grape ◽

Grape Varieties

The purpose of this paper was to establish the sensory characteristics of wines made from old and newly introduced red grape varieties. To attain this objective, 16 Brazilian red varietal wines were evaluated by a sensory panel of enologists who assessed wines according to their aroma and flavor descriptors. A 90 mm unstructured scale was used to quantify the intensity of 26 descriptors, which were analyzed by means of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The PCA showed that three important components represented 74.11% of the total variation. PC 1 discriminated Tempranillo, Marselan and Ruby Cabernet wines, with Tempranillo being characterized by its equilibrium, quality, harmony, persistence and body, as well as by, fruity, spicy and oaky characters. The other two varietals were defined by vegetal, oaky and salty characteristics; PC 2 discriminated Pinot Noir, Sangiovese, Cabernet Sauvignon and Arinarnoa, where Pinot Noir was characterized by its floral flavor; PC 3 discriminated only Malbec, which had weak, floral and fruity characteristics. The other varietal wines did not show important discriminating effects.

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The effects of leaf removal and artificial shading on the composition of Chardonnay and Pinot noir grapes

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2020.54.4.2556 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 761-777

Author(s):

Isabella Ghiglieno ◽

Fulvio Mattivi ◽

Gabriele Cola ◽

Davide Trionfini ◽

Daniele Perenzoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Content ◽

Pinot Noir ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Sparkling Wine ◽

Leaf Removal ◽

Early Ripening ◽

Potential Improvement ◽

Artificial Shading ◽

Positive Effect

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of leaf removal and bunch shading on the analytical composition of Pinot noir and Chardonnay (Vitis vinifera L.) grapes suitable for making premium sparkling wine.Method and results: Total bunch defoliation (TD) and different treatments using shading nets (TD1L, TD2L and ND1L) were evaluated in comparison with a test with no defoliation and shading (ND) over three seasons in the southern part of Franciacorta, one of the most famous Italian sparkling wine regions. Micrometeorological variables, yield components, musts and grapes chemical composition were evaluated. Shading practices lead to a delay in ripening and they improve the acidic content of must, thus resulting in a potential improvement in the quality of juice suitable for producing sparkling wines. Furthermore, this particular type of vine canopy management leads to changes in the phenolic content of grapes.Conclusions: From the results obtained it was possible to underline the positive effect - delaying ripening, preserving acid concentration and reducing flavonol content - of shading on the composition of Pinot noir and Chardonnay grapes suitable for making premium sparkling wine.Significance of the study: This study shows the importance of shading, because it delays grape ripening and thereby preserves the acidic content of musts and, specifically, deals with the problem of early ripening related to the climate change now underway.

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Xenon lamps used for fruit surface sterilization can increase the content of total flavonols in leaves of Lactuca sativa L. without any negative effect on net photosynthesis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0223787 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. e0223787 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Salah Fgaier ◽

Mônica Maria de Almeida Lopes ◽

Ebenézer de Oliveira Silva ◽

Jawad Aarrouf ◽

Laurent Urban

Keyword(s):

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Surface Sterilization ◽

Lactuca Sativa L ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Xenon Lamps ◽

Fruit Surface

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Nutrients Assimilation and Chlorophyll Contents for Different Grapevine Varieties in Calcareous Soils in the Somontano DO (Spain)

Beverages ◽

10.3390/beverages4040090 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 90 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

José Casanova-Gascón ◽

Pablo Martín-Ramos ◽

Clara Martí-Dalmau ◽

David Badía-Villas

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Chlorophyll Concentration ◽

Calcareous Soils ◽

Pinot Noir ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Cabernet Sauvignon ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Young Leaves ◽

The Impact

Lime-induced chlorosis (LIC) is an important abiotic constraint affecting the growth and yield of grapevines growing in calcareous soils in the Mediterranean region, and the sensory properties of the produced wine. In the work presented herein, the impact of LIC on the nutritional status and chlorophyll content was assessed for eleven varieties and a clone (Merlot, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Tempranillo, Parraleta, Moristel, Aglianico, Macabeo, Sauvignon, Chardonnay, and Riesling), grafted to the same rootstock (1103 Paulsen). Macro- and micronutrient contents were determined in the fruit set and veraison stages by petiole analyses, while chlorophyll content in young leaves was monitored by SPAD. Significant differences were detected amongst varieties for all nutrients (including Fe), and inverse relationships between Fe and P contents in the petiole and chlorophyll concentration in the young leaves were found. Regarding LIC resistance, the Fe and chlorophyll contents suggest that Cabernet Sauvignon, Tempranillo and Aglianico varieties would show the best performance, while Sauvignon would be the least tolerant.

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Effects of Variety and Grape Berry Condition of Vitis vinifera on Preference Behavior and Performance of Drosophila suzukii

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects10120432 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 432 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lisa Weißinger ◽

Niklas Samuel ◽

Michael Breuer ◽

Caroline Müller

Keyword(s):

Management Strategies ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Pinot Noir ◽

Drosophila Suzukii ◽

Offspring Performance ◽

Economic Threat ◽

Berry Crops ◽

And Performance ◽

Grape Varieties ◽

The Impact

Drosophila suzukii is an invasive fruit pest and represents a potential economic threat to viticulture. After first observations of D. suzukii in Europe in 2008, research mainly focused on the evaluation of the host range and infestation risk for fruit and berry crops. However, the risk assessment of D. suzukii in viticulture has only recently started. Understanding the factors influencing preferences of D. suzukii for host species and varieties as well as offspring performance is essential to improve management strategies. We investigated the field infestation of different grape varieties across Baden-Wuerttemberg, southwestern Germany, between 2015 and 2018. Moreover, we performed dual-choice assays in the laboratory to investigate whether adults show preferences for certain varieties and whether offspring performance differs between varieties. Furthermore, we studied the impact of grape damage on choice behavior. Field monitoring revealed that D. suzukii show preferences for red varieties, whereas almost no oviposition occurred in white varieties. The results of dual-choice assays confirmed that D. suzukii preference and performance are influenced by grape variety and that flies preferred damaged over intact “Pinot Noir”, “Pinot Blanc”, and “Müller-Thurgau” berries. Overall, these findings may have important implications for winegrowers regarding cultivated varieties, grape health, and insecticide reduction.

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