scholarly journals Seasonal Performance and Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Salt Ions in a Semiarid Orchard of Northwest China

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanen Guo ◽  
Tianwen Guo ◽  
Zhongming Ma ◽  
Zongxian Che ◽  
Lili Nan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Salt Ions ◽  
Soil Salt

The relationship between spatial and temporal dynamics of major salt ions and their toxicology is still unclear, particularly in perennial orchard fields. A seasonal soil sampling was conducted from Apr. to Oct. 2011 in a salinized orchard soil in semiarid northwest China. Soil moisture content and concentrations of total soluble salt and eight salt ions were measured every 2 weeks in the soil at 0 to 2, 2 to 5, 5 to 10, 10 to 15, 15 to 20, 20 to 25, 25 to 40, 40 to 60, 60 to 80, and 80 to 120 cm during the growing period of apple trees. Soil moisture content decreased early in the growth season (Period 1) but with increasing rainfall in the middle of growing season (Period 2 and Period 3) and reached a maximum at late season (Period 4) at all depths. Soil salt concentration increased along with soil profile, particularly in the 60- to 120-cm soil layer at all periods. The highest soil salt level was observed in Period 4. The contents of HCO3–, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were almost uniform in all soil layers, but the contents of Cl–, SO42–, and Na+ increased with soil layer. The content of K+ decreased from the upper to the deeper layers of soil profile. The distribution of CO32– had a high temporal and spatial heterogeneity with soil depths and season. Analysis of the charge balance on positive and negative salt ions indicated that the horizontal movement of ions and the transfer of soil water were likely the driving factors affecting soil salinization. The movement of Na+ and Mg2+ ions in the top soil may be responsible for rhizospheric ions composition and toxin effect to restrain apple tree growth in the early growth period.

Aboveground Biomass of Reaumuria soongorica Shrub Effect on Soil Moisture and Nutrient Spatial Distribution in Arid and Semi-Arid Region

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3803-3806
Author(s):  
Bing Ru Liu ◽  
Jun Long Yang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Desert Plant ◽  
Important Species

In order to revel aboveground biomass of R. soongorica shrub effect on soil moisture and nutrients spatial distribution, and explore mechanism of the changes of soil moisture and nutrients, soil moisture content, pH, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) at three soil layers (0-10cm,10-20cm, and 20-40cm) along five plant biomass gradients of R. soongorica were investigated. The results showed that soil moisture content increased with depth under the same plant biomass, and increased with plant biomass. Soil nutrient properties were evidently influenced with plant biomass, while decreased with depth. SOC and TN were highest in the top soil layer (0-10 cm), but TN of 10-20cm layer has no significant differences (P < 0.05). Moreover, soil nutrient contents were accumulated very slowly. These suggests that the requirement to soil organic matter is not so high and could be adapted well to the desert and barren soil, and the desert plant R. soongorica could be acted as an important species to restore vegetation and ameliorate the eco-environment.

Development of calibration algorithms for selected water content reflectometry probes for burned and non-burned organic soils of Alaska

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Bourgeau-Chavez ◽  
Gordon C. Garwood ◽  
Kevin Riordan ◽  
Benjamin W. Koziol ◽  
James Slawski
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Probe Type

Water content reflectometry is a method used by many commercial manufacturers of affordable sensors to electronically estimate soil moisture content. Field‐deployable and handheld water content reflectometry probes were used in a variety of organic soil‐profile types in Alaska. These probes were calibrated using 65 organic soil samples harvested from these burned and unburned, primarily moss‐dominated sites in the boreal forest. Probe output was compared with gravimetrically measured volumetric moisture content, to produce calibration algorithms for surface‐down‐inserted handheld probes in specific soil‐profile types, as well as field‐deployable horizontally inserted probes in specific organic soil horizons. General organic algorithms for each probe type were also developed. Calibrations are statistically compared to determine their suitability. The resulting calibrations showed good agreement with in situ validation and varied from the default mineral‐soil‐based calibrations by 20% or more. These results are of particular interest to researchers measuring soil moisture content with water content reflectometry probes in soils with high organic content.

Factors influencing spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture content in a small catchment of Mount Taiyue, Shanxi Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
王甜 WANG Tian ◽  
康峰峰 KANG Fengfeng ◽  
韩海荣 HAN Hairong ◽  
程小琴 CHENG Xiaoqin ◽  
白英辰 BAI Yingchen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Factors Influencing

Distribution of rainfall and soil moisture content in the soil profile under citrus tree canopy and at the dripline

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Alva ◽  
O. Prakash ◽  
Ali Fares ◽  
Arthur G. Hornsby
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Citrus Tree

Effect of weather on maize yields and the efficiency of fertilization

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Huzsvay ◽  
J. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Daily Weather Data ◽  
Maize Yields

The yield of maize is primarily influenced by sunlight, temperature, available plant nutrients and water supply. Since plants take up water through their roots, the most decisive factor is not precipitation but the quantity of water available in the soil. In this study, a simple, easy-to-reproduce, capacitive model was elaborated to determine the available moisture content for maize. During the calculations, based on the balance method, the available moisture content in the top 110 cm soil layer was determined, taking daily weather data into account. The examinations were carried out on a medium heavy chernozem soil with lime deposits, in a multifactorial experiment at the Látókép Experimental Station of the Center of Agricultural Sciences, Debrecen University, between 1990 and 2004. Annual yield fluctuation is primarily determined by the soil moisture content in the month of July and the water supplies in May, according to regression analysis. The maize yields in the past 15 years could be calculated with an accuracy of 570 kg/ha, an error limit of below 10% and an r value of 0.805, using a regression line and the data of monthly moisture supplies. However, the yields of fertilized plots can only be estimated with an accuracy of 1 t/ha on average. Fertilizer utilization is influenced by the moisture content of the soil, so it makes sense to include this in the analysis instead of the other environmental factors. Water is required for nutrient utilization. In years with poor or medium water supplies, moderate fertilizer rates are more effective, compared to higher rates in years with better water supplies. Efficient fertilization in maize production can only be achieved by harmonizing soil moisture content and the applied fertilizer rate.

Influence of Flooding and Soil Moisture Content on Elongation of Sugar cane in Trinidad

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-406
Author(s):  
F. A. Gumbs ◽  
L. A. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
Over The Top

SUMMARYThe total growth increment of sugar cane stalks from 13 to 22 weeks after planting was 55% greater in elevated than depressed areas in fields flooded intermittently during the period of measurement. The weekly growth increments were 137–9% greater in elevated than depressed areas, especially when soil moisture was high. The cane was on top of high ridges but water stood up to 10 cm deep over the top of the ridges in depressed areas for up to 5 or 6 days after rain and at varying depths below the top for several more days. Provided the soil was not submerged, tillers elongated most when the soil profile was saturated or nearly so; mere waterlogging without submergence seems not to damage cane. Tiller elongation and soil moisture were well correlated regardless of depth of sampling between 0 and 45 cm, but different relations were obtained for elevated drained areas and depressed areas subject to submergence.

scholarly journals Methodology adaptation and development to assess salt content dynamics and salt balance of soils under secondary salinization

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
Arzu Rivera Garcia ◽  
Géza Tuba ◽  
Györgyi Kovács ◽  
Lúcia Sinka ◽  
József Zsembeli
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Irrigation Season ◽  
Salt Balance ◽  
Secondary Salinization

The effect of irrigation with saline water (above 500 mg L-1) is considered a problem of small-scale farmers growing vegetable crops with high water demand in the hobby gardens characteristic of the Hungarian Great Plain. In order to simulate the circumstances of such hobby garden, we set up an experiment including five simple drainage lysimeters irrigated with saline water in the Research Institute of Karcag IAREF UD in 2019. We regularly measured the electric conductivity (EC) of the soil referring to its salt content and the soil moisture content with mobile sensors. Before and after the irrigation season, soil samples from the upper soil layer (0-0.6 m) were taken for laboratory analysis and the soil salt balance (SB) was calculated. The actual salt balance (SBact) was calculated of the upper soil layer (0-0.6 m) based on the salt content of the obtained soil samples. The theoretical salt balance (SBth) was calculated by the total soluble salt content of the irrigation water and leachates. During the irrigation season, we experienced fluctuating EC in the topsoil in close correlation with the soil moisture content. Based on the performed in-situ EC measurements, salts were leached from the upper soil layer resulting in a negative SB. Combining SBact and SBth of the soil columns of the lysimeters, we estimated the SB of the deeper (0.6-1.0 m) soil layer. We quantified 12% increase of the initial salt mass due to accumulation. We consider this methodology to be suitable for deeper understanding secondary salinization, which can contribute to mitigating its harmful effect. By repeating our measurements, we expect similar results proving that saline irrigation waters gained from the aquifers through drilled wells in Karcag are potentially suitable for irrigation if proper irrigation and soil management are applied.  

scholarly journals Prediction of Soil Moisture Content and Soil Salt Concentration from Hyperspectral Laboratory and Field Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Xu ◽  
Wenzhi Zeng ◽  
Jiesheng Huang ◽  
Jingwei Wu ◽  
Willem van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Salt

Sensitivity of LISEM predicted catchment discharge to initial soil moisture content of soil profile

2010 ◽  
Vol 393 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 174-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahedberdi Sheikh ◽  
Emiel van Loon ◽  
Rudi Hessel ◽  
Victor Jetten
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Soil Moisture ◽  
Initial Soil

scholarly journals The Effect of Fertigation on Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) Grown in a Greenhouse

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Xianbing Wu ◽  
Meijian Bai ◽  
Yinong Li ◽  
Taisheng Du ◽  
Shaohui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
N Application ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

Understanding the response of crop growth to water and fertilizer is helpful to improve their management and use efficiency. Three water and fertilizer coupling treatments were designed to carry out a two-season trial on two cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) cultivars in spring and autumn in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. The irrigation timings of the three treatments were controlled by the soil moisture content of 0–20 cm soil layer. Treatment 1 (LWHF): when the soil moisture content was decreased to 75% of the field capacity (θf), irrigation was carried out (i.e., the lower limit of irrigation was 75%θf), the critical soil moisture content for stopping irrigation was 90%θf (upper limit of irrigation), and the nitrogen (N) application amount was 400 kg/ha; treatment 2 (HWLF): the lower and upper limits of irrigation were 85%θf and 100%θf, respectively, and the N application amount was 200 kg/ha; and treatment 3 (MWMF): the lower and upper limits of irrigation were 75%θf and 100%θf, respectively, and the N application amount was 300 kg/ha. The results showed that the yield and its related parameters of cabbage in spring were higher than those in autumn because of the use of different cultivars and seasons. The growth indices of HWLF and MWMF in the two seasons were larger than that of LWHF, and the yields of HWLF were the highest, 78.37 t/ha (spring) and 64.42 t/ha (autumn), respectively. The nitrogen use efficiencies (NUEs) of LWHF in spring and HWLF in autumn were the highest, 213.29 kg/kg and 391.83 kg/kg, respectively. In general, there were statistically significant differences in the cumulative increment in plant height, stem diameter and leaf area in the two-season trial, yield in autumn and NUE in spring among the three treatments. In addition, there was a significant positive linear correlation between almost all indices in different growth stages and the corresponding evapotranspiration (ETi). It is suggested that the application of drip irrigation under mulch should be approximately 114.7–125.0 mm, and the N fertilization should be about 200 kg/ha.

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