scholarly journals Exploration of Three Solanum Species for Improvement of Antioxidant Traits in Tomato

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1003-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oğuz Top ◽  
Cantuğ Bar ◽  
Bilal Ökmen ◽  
Duygu Yüce Özer ◽  
Dane Rusçuklu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species

Wild tomato species have been widely used for improvement of tomato disease resistance but have not been extensively explored for health-related traits. In this work, three interspecific populations derived from backcrosses between cultivated tomato and Solanum pimpinellifolium (LA1589), S. habrochaites (LA1223), and S. peruvianum (LA2172) were analyzed for water-soluble antioxidant activity, phenolic content, vitamin C content, and basic agronomic traits including fruit weight, shape, and color. The wild species accessions significantly exceeded S. lycopersicum for all three antioxidant traits with only one exception: vitamin C content in S. habrochaites LA1223. Several populations and traits showed transgressive segregation indicating that the backcross populations contained individuals with allele combinations that allowed antioxidant activity/content to exceed that of both parents. The S. habrochaites LA1223 population provided the best starting material for improvement of water-soluble antioxidant activity and phenolics content with 20% and 15% of the population, respectively, significantly exceeding the parental values for these traits. Moreover, the S. habrochaites population contained individuals that had nearly 2-fold more water-soluble antioxidant activity and phenolic content than cultivated tomato. The S. peruvianum LA2172 population was best for improvement of vitamin C content with 3-fold variation for the trait and individuals, which had twice as much vitamin C as cultivated tomato.

scholarly journals Recombinant Lines Obtained from an Interspecific Cross between Lycopersicon Species Selected by Fruit Weight and Fruit Shelf Life

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo R. Rodríguez ◽  
Guillermo R. Pratta ◽  
Roxana Zorzoli ◽  
Liliana A. Picardi
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Random Drift ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
Null Response ◽  
Fruit Shelf Life

A cross was performed between Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. `Caimanta' and L. pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) Mill. accession LA722. Divergent-antagonistic selection for fruit weight and shelf life started in the F2 generation. Fruit shelf life showed transgressive segregation in this F2 generation. The selection process continued until the F6 generation, but we found that only fruit weight was responsive to selection. Seventeen recombinant lines (RILs) were analyzed for both traits. Nine of these RILs were obtained by the selection process. The other eight RILs were obtained by selfing without selection from the same F2 generation to assess random drift. Highly significant differences were found among these RILs for both fruit weight and shelf life. Random drift was as important as selection in producing different genotypes. Although fruit shelf life showed null response to selection in this interspecific cross, selfing and selecting has generated a new population of 17 recombinant genotypes for both fruit weight and shelf life. This experiment has demonstrated that wild tomato species offer breeders another possibility to enhance the genetic variability for fruit shelf life and fruit weight in tomato germplasm.

scholarly journals Evaluation of okra landraces based on agronomic and biochemical traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
João Pedro D de Araújo ◽  
Douglas M Zeffa ◽  
Wilma Aparecida Spinosa ◽  
Mauricio U Ventura ◽  
Lígia Erpen-Dalla Corte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Human Food ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Low Performance

ABSTRACT Okra is consumed in several countries and is an important source of nutrients for human food. To promote okra production and consumption is essential the development of new cultivars with high nutritional levels, besides desirable agronomic traits. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate nine okra landraces by agronomic and biochemical traits. The accessions UEL2, UEL3, UEL5, UEL6, UEL7, UEL9, UEL10, UEL13 and UEL15 were grown in open field condition and evaluated in relation to fruit yield, fruit weight, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant and plant height. The biochemical analysis included mineral composition, crude protein content, vitamin C content, total flavonoid and phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The UEL7 accession stood out for the high levels for biochemical traits such as content of some minerals, vitamin C and antioxidant activity. On the other hand, UEL3 accession had a low performance for biochemical traits, but stood out for agronomic traits such as fruit yield and number of fruits per plant. Hence, the UEL7 and UEL3 landraces may be introduced in breeding programs focused on human food and agronomic performance, beyond to contribute for okra germplasm conservation.

scholarly journals Culinary Method Affects the Antioxidant Activity of Collard Greens (Brassica oleracea)

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Alexander Clifford ◽  
Paul Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Collard Greens ◽  
Cooking Water ◽  
Group 2

<p>The antioxidant activity of collard greens was determined after exposed to eight different thermal treatments: 1) untreated raw group, 2) short simmer 3short simmer water 4) short simmer + saute’, 5) saute’ 6) long simmer 7) long simmer water 8) long simmer + saute’. After treatment, total phenolic content (TPC) expressed in gallic acid equivalents/sample concentration (GAE/conc.), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferrous ion chelating (FIC) antioxidant assays were determined. The sauté treated group showed the highest TPC (8.2858 GAE/conc.) followed by the raw group (8.0361) and the short simmer + sauté group (7.6227). The raw group showed the highest DPPH activity (7.7952% inhibition/conc.) followed by the sauté group (7.5877) and the short simmer + sauté group (7.4753). In both of these assays the addition of a sauté treatment to either short or long simmered treatment increased the antioxidant activity of samples compared to just the short or long simmer treatment alone. Additionally both TPC and DPPH assays showed greater antioxidant activity in the cooking water reserved from a long simmer treatment compared to the reserved cooking water of a short simmer treatment suggesting significant (p&lt;0.05) leeching of antioxidants from collard greens into the water related to the duration of aquathermal treatment. Similar trends were not found in the results of the FIC chelating assay where both long and short simmer treatment groups showed the highest chelating abilities and the reserved cooking water from both treatments showed the lowest chelating abilities. This suggests that chelators contained in collard greens were not relatively water soluble and therefore not negatively affected byaquathermal treatments.</p>

scholarly journals Differential Regulation of Phytoene Synthase PSY1 During Fruit Carotenogenesis in Cultivated and Wild Tomato Species (Solanum section Lycopersicon)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1169
Author(s):  
Gleb I. Efremov ◽  
Maria A. Slugina ◽  
Anna V. Shchennikova ◽  
Elena Z. Kochieva
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Phytoene Synthase ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Fleshy Fruit ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
Enzymatic Function

In plants, carotenoids define fruit pigmentation and are involved in the processes of photo-oxidative stress defense and phytohormone production; a key enzyme responsible for carotene synthesis in fruit is phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1). Tomatoes (Solanum section Lycopersicon) comprise cultivated (Solanum lycopersicum) as well as wild species with different fruit color and are a good model to study carotenogenesis in fleshy fruit. In this study, we identified homologous PSY1 genes in five Solanum section Lycopersicon species, including domesticated red-fruited S. lycopersicum and wild yellow-fruited S. cheesmaniae and green-fruited S. chilense, S. habrochaites and S. pennellii. PSY1 homologs had a highly conserved structure, including key motifs in the active and catalytic sites, suggesting that PSY1 enzymatic function is similar in green-fruited wild tomato species and preserved in red-fruited S. lycopersicum. PSY1 mRNA expression directly correlated with carotenoid content in ripe fruit of the analyzed tomato species, indicating differential transcriptional regulation. Analysis of the PSY1 promoter and 5′-UTR sequence revealed over 30 regulatory elements involved in response to light, abiotic stresses, plant hormones, and parasites, suggesting that the regulation of PSY1 expression may affect the processes of fruit senescence, seed maturation and dormancy, and pathogen resistance. The revealed differences between green-fruited and red-fruited Solanum species in the structure of the PSY1 promoter/5′-UTR, such as the acquisition of ethylene-responsive element by S. lycopersicum, could reflect the effects of domestication on the transcriptional mechanisms regulating PSY1 expression, including induction of carotenogenesis during fruit ripening, which would contribute to red coloration in mature fruit.

scholarly journals Unilateral incompatibility gene ui1.1 encodes an S-locus F-box protein expressed in pollen of Solanum species

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (14) ◽  
pp. 4417-4422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wentao Li ◽  
Roger T. Chetelat
Keyword(s):  
Positional Cloning ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
Ubiquitin E3 Ligase ◽  
F Box Protein

Unilateral interspecific incompatibility (UI) is a postpollination, prezygotic reproductive barrier that prevents hybridization between related species when the female parent is self-incompatible (SI) and the male parent is self-compatible (SC). In tomato and related Solanum species, two genes, ui1.1 and ui6.1, are required for pollen compatibility on pistils of SI species or hybrids. We previously showed that ui6.1 encodes a Cullin1 (CUL1) protein. Here we report that ui1.1 encodes an S-locus F-box (SLF) protein. The ui1.1 gene was mapped to a 0.43-cM, 43.2-Mbp interval at the S-locus on chromosome 1, but positional cloning was hampered by low recombination frequency. We hypothesized that ui1.1 encodes an SLF protein(s) that interacts with CUL1 and Skp1 proteins to form an SCF-type (Skp1, Cullin1, F-box) ubiquitin E3 ligase complex. We identified 23 SLF genes in the S. pennellii genome, of which 19 were also represented in cultivated tomato (S. lycopersicum). Data from recombination events, expression analysis, and sequence annotation highlighted 11 S. pennellii genes as candidates. Genetic transformations demonstrated that one of these, SpSLF-23, is sufficient for ui1.1 function. A survey of cultivated and wild tomato species identified SLF-23 orthologs in each of the SI species, but not in the SC species S. lycopersicum, S. cheesmaniae, and S. galapagense, pollen of which lacks ui1.1 function. These results demonstrate that pollen compatibility in UI is mediated by protein degradation through the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway, a mechanism related to that which controls pollen recognition in SI.

In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Commercial Rosemary Extract Formulations

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1744-1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANJA KLANČNIK ◽  
BERNARDA GUZEJ ◽  
MAJDA HADOLIN KOLAR ◽  
HELENA ABRAMOVIČ ◽  
SONJA SMOLE MOŽINA
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activity

Phenolic plant extracts are sources of natural bioactive compounds, which can inhibit the rate of food spoilage. MIC and MBC concentrations of four oil- or water-soluble rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extracts against gram-positive (Bacillus and Staphylococcus) and gram-negative (Campylobacter and Salmonella) bacteria were determined by using disk diffusion, agar dilution, and broth microdilution methods, as well as bacterial survival kinetics in a macrodilution test. To describe the antioxidant properties of the extracts, the reducing power, free radical scavenging effectiveness, and β-carotene bleaching test were used. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activity depended on the concentration and chemical nature of the phenolic compounds in the extracts. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive than were gram-negative bacteria, especially for oil-soluble extracts with carnosic acid as the major phenolic compound. A microdilution method based on ATP measurement was found to be a useful, rapid technique for determining antibacterial efficiency, and its results correlated well with MICs from survival curve measurement. Reducing power and free radical scavenging effectiveness was higher in water-soluble formulations, according to their higher total phenolic content, but in an aqueous emulsion system of linoleic acid, they exhibited lower antioxidant activity. This correlated well with the higher efficiency of antimicrobial activity of oil-soluble formulations, despite the lower total phenolic content of these extracts.

scholarly journals Variation and Heritabilities of Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content Estimated from a Red Raspberry Factorial Experiment

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Marie Connor ◽  
M. Joseph Stephens ◽  
Harvey K. Hall ◽  
Peter A. Alspach
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Sib Families

Variance components and narrow-sense heritabilities were estimated for antioxidant activity (AA), total phenolic content (TPH), and fruit weight in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruit from offspring of a factorial mating design. Forty-two full-sib families utilizing seven female and six male parents were evaluated in each of two years in Motueka, New Zealand. In a single year, values within individual half-sib families ranged as widely as 25.3-79.4 μg·g-1 fruit for AA, 205-597 mg/100 g fruit for TPH, and 1.06-7.69 g for fruit weight. Analyses of variance for these three variates demonstrated significant parental source variation in both individual and combined year analyses. For AA and TPH, female parental effects accounted for ≈7% to 19% of total variation, while male effects accounted for ≈6% to 8%. A partially pigment deficient R. parvifolius L. derivative female parent accounted for some of these differences. Female × male parent interaction was not significant for AA and TPH and was marginally significant for fruit weight in combined year analysis. Year had a significant effect on the overall mean AA and TPH, but contributed less than genetic effects to the overall variation in all three traits. Interactions of year with genetic effects were not statistically significant for AA or TPH, indicating that between-year rank or scale changes among families were negligible. The largest proportion of variation was found within rather than among full-sib families. However, variation among plots within full-sib families accounted for 12% to 19% of total variation, indicating environmental differences accounted for some of the observed within-family variation in AA and TPH. Antioxidant activity and TPH were highly phenotypically correlated (r = 0.93); their genetic correlation (r = 0.59) implies that substantial additive genetic factors underlie the phenotypic correlation, but that nonadditive genetic or environmental influences are also important. Both AA and TPH were weakly negatively phenotypically correlated with fruit weight (r = -0.34 and -0.33, respectively), but the corresponding genetic correlations were close to zero. Thus, selection for both high AA or TPH and high fruit weight is possible. Narrow-sense heritability estimates based on variance components from combined year data were h2 = 0.54, 0.48, and 0.77 for AA, TPH, and fruit weight, respectively. These estimates imply a rapid response to selection is possible.

scholarly journals Genotypic and Environmental Variation in Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content among Blackberry and Hybridberry Cultivars

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Marie Connor ◽  
Chad E. Finn ◽  
Peter A. Alspach
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Environmental Variation ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Trait Variance

Antioxidant compounds absorbed from our diet are thought to have a role in preventing chronic diseases that result from oxidative damage. Berry fruit have high levels of antioxidants, and further increases in antioxidant activity (AA) might be possible through breeding. We determined the AA, total phenolic content (TPH), and fruit weight in 16 blackberry and hybridberry (Rubus L.) cultivars harvested in New Zealand and Oregon in 2002 and 2003, to assess genetic and environmental variation. Both AA and TPH varied significantly between years within location, but not among cultivars or between locations per se. However, cultivar interactions with both location and year within location contributed to variation in both variates. In contrast, both cultivar and location contributed to variation in fruit weight, but years within location did not. However, the cultivar × year within location interaction was significant for this trait. Variance component distributions confirmed that cultivar and location effects together contributed little (<20%) to the total variation in either AA or TPH, while cultivar × environment interactions accounted for >50% of total variation in these traits. Cultivar and location effects together contributed ≈70% of the total variation observed in fruit weight. Phenotypic correlations were significant between AA and fruit weight (r = -0.44), and between TPH and fruit weight (r = -0.51). When adjusted for fruit weight, analyses for AA and TPH demonstrated that cultivar effects approached significance (P = 0.06) and accounted for ≈25% of total variance, while location effects accounted for none. Although the cultivars in this study had diverse interspecific backgrounds, utilization of various Rubus species in blackberry and hybridberry breeding is not uncommon, and our results demonstrating significant cultivar × environment interaction for AA and TPH should be applicable to breeding for high AA genotypes.

Medicinal plants of Cree communities (Québec, Canada): antioxidant activity of plants used to treat type 2 diabetes symptomsThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 2 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products.

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 1200-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Hélène Fraser ◽  
Alain Cuerrier ◽  
Pierre S. Haddad ◽  
John T. Arnason ◽  
Patrick L. Owen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Natural Health Products ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts

Traditional medicines (TM) used to treat symptoms of diabetes by two Cree communities were assessed for their free radical scavenging activity using the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, and their ability to protect human low-density lipoprotein from Cu2+-mediated oxidation by measuring lag time before the appearance of conjugated dienes and formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. Water-soluble phenolic content was also measured. A total of 20 medicinal plants from Whapmagoostui and 16 from Mistissini were compared with 16 extracts of plants that were not used medicinally. Medicinal plant extracts, particularly those from Larix laricina, displayed high antioxidant activity, comparable with ascorbic acid, Trolox, and the known antioxidant flavonoids quercetin, epicatechin, catechin. Extracts of Pinaceae and Ericaceae contained the highest levels of phenolics. Factors such as season and area of plant collection, as well as the plant part from which the extract was derived, affected antioxidant activity. Positive correlations were found between the established traditional knowledge of Cree Elders and Healers and the antioxidant activity for medicinal plants used in Mistissini (r = 0.3134; p = 0.058) and in Whapmagoostui (r = 0.5165; p = 0.001). Significant correlations between phenolic content were also seen with the existing ethnobotanical data (r = 0.5015; p = 0.003) and bioassays (r = 0.4178; p = 0.003). These results indicate that a clear majority of plants used by the Cree are excellent sources of antioxidants.

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