scholarly journals Potential Sources of Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Resistance in Desert Watermelon (Citrullus colocynthis) Germplasm

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Coffey ◽  
Alvin M. Simmons ◽  
B. Merle Shepard ◽  
Yaakov Tadmor ◽  
Amnon Levi
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Selected Subset ◽  
Choice Assay ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
High Level

Selection for and incorporation of host plant resistance into cultivars is a fundamental strategy to control insects and diseases and may help reduce reliance on synthetic pesticides. The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is an important pest of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsum. and Nakai var. lanatus] and is among the most damaging pests in many agricultural systems worldwide. Citrullus colocynthis L., a perennial melon species indigenous to arid regions of northern Africa, the Mediterranean region, and southwestern Asia, is a valuable source of resistance to insect pests and diseases of watermelon. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate selected C. colocynthis genotypes for sources of resistance to B. tabaci. Thirty genotypes of C. colocynthis, collected in different geographic regions, were evaluated against the heirloom cultivar Calhoun Gray using first a horizontal Y-tube olfactometer in the laboratory. A selected subset of the genotypes was evaluated in a second experiment in the laboratory using a vertical monitoring assay. In this assay, whiteflies could freely move upward to feed and oviposit on leaves placed in the upper portion of a Y-tube. In a third experiment, a choice assay was conducted on selected genotypes in cages in the greenhouse. Of the 30 C. colocynthis genotypes evaluated, PI 346082 (collected in Afghanistan) exhibited the highest level of resistance against B. tabaci based on all three experiments. PI 537277 (collected in Pakistan) exhibited a significantly high level of whitefly resistance based on low survival of adult whiteflies and a low ratio of nymphs to eggs. PI 346082 and PI 537277 should be a useful source for breeding projects aiming to improve whitefly resistance in watermelon cultivars.

Current status and future prospects in biotic stress management in rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (Special) ◽  
pp. 168-193
Author(s):  
SD Mohapatra ◽  
Amrita Banerjee ◽  
RK Senapati ◽  
G Prasanthi ◽  
Minati Mohapatra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Pest Monitoring ◽  
Important Pest

Insect pests and diseases are the major biotic constraints in rice production. According to the ecosystem, the incidence of insect pests and diseases vary. The degree of loss due to different biotic stresses differ widely depending upon the predominant factors of abundance of these pests in a particular year, season or locality. Though around 800 insect species damaging rice in one way or another, the majority of them do very little damage. In India, about a dozen of insect species are of major pest status. Farmers bear an estimated average of 37% losses in rice crop due to insect pests and diseases every year. This review focuses on status of insect pests and diseases, extent of losses, different tools used in pest monitoring and management in rice. Among the important pest management tools used in rice pest and diseases management are forecasting model for real-time pest-advisory services, light trap, hyper-spectral remote sensing, computer-based decision support system, disruptive technologies (mobile apps).

scholarly journals Potential Sources of Genetic Resistance in Lactuca spp. to the Lettuce Aphid, Nasanovia ribisnigri (Mosely) (Homoptera: Aphididae)

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1355-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. McCreight
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Lactuca Saligna ◽  
Lactuca Virosa ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Greenhouse Screening ◽  
High Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Level Resistance

Lettuce aphid, Nasanovia ribisnigri (Mosely) (Homoptera: Aphididae), is an economically important pest of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). High-level resistance found in a wild relative, Lactuca virosa L. accession PIVT 280, is conditioned by the Nr gene, which has been transferred to European cultivars and is being commercially transferred to U.S.-adapted cultivars. New sources of resistance to guard against possible resistance-breaking strains of lettuce aphid were sought in a greenhouse screening of 1203 accessions of lettuce, which included 1047 accessions of L. sativa L., seven accessions of Lactuca perennis L., 18 accessions of Lactuca saligna L., 125 accessions of L. serriola L., and six accessions of L. virosa L. Two new and potentially unique sources of resistance to lettuce aphid were found in L. serriola accession PI 491093 and L. virosa accession PI 274378. The genetic relationship of resistance in PI 491093 and PI 274378 with that in PIVT 280 remains to be determined.

scholarly journals Partial Leaf Chemical Profiles of a Desert Watermelon Species (Citrullus colocynthis) and Heirloom Watermelon Cultivars (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus)

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelechi Ogbuji ◽  
Gloria S. McCutcheon ◽  
Alvin M. Simmons ◽  
Maurice E. Snook ◽  
Howard F. Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
First Time ◽  
Derivatives Of

Whiteflies [Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)] and aphids [Aphis gossypii Glover and Myzus persicae (Sulzer)] are serious threats to watermelon by direct feeding and by transmitting viruses of important virus diseases. The desert watermelon Citrullus colocynthis (L.) has been shown to exhibit resistance to these insect pests and could be a useful source for breeding resistance into watermelon [Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus (Thunbs) Matsum & Nakai]. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we found differences among the chemical profiles of two U.S. PIs of C. colocynthis, one PI of C. lanatus var. citroides, and two heirloom watermelon (C. lanatus var. lanatus) cultivars (‘Charleston Gray’ and ‘Mickey Lee’). Flavonoid and caffeic acid derivatives were identified in the leaf extracts by a combination of ultraviolet (UV) and mass spectrometry (MS) spectral analyses. Four phenolic derivatives of caffeic and/or ferulic acid were found to be essentially unique to C. colocynthis. Total flavonoid content was found to be approximately four to 18 times higher in C. colocynthis accessions and seven to nine times higher in C. lanatus var. citroides as compared with watermelon cultivars. Caffeoyl-glucose was also identified in the leaves of watermelon cultivars for the first time. Leaf sugar concentrations (198 to 211 mg·dL−1), read from a glucometer, were statistically the same among the various germplasm entries. These results will help in the development of pest-resistant watermelon.

scholarly journals Potential Sources of Resistance to Broad Mites (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) in Watermelon Germplasm

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1539-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrasekar S. Kousik ◽  
B.M. Shepard ◽  
Richard Hassell ◽  
Amnon Levi ◽  
Alvin M. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Polyphagotarsonemus Latus ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Broad Mite

Two hundred nineteen U.S. plant introductions (PI) belonging to the watermelon core collection were evaluated for broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), infestation and injury that occurred naturally in a field planting. Of the 219 PIs, nine (4%) had no visible broad mite injury in the field compared with a commercial cultivar, ‘Mickey Lee’, which was severely injured. Injury mainly occurred on the growing terminals and the tender apical leaves. The growing terminals and the apical leaves were bronzed, grew poorly and, in some cases, they were distorted and curled upward. Broad mites were extracted by washing the growing terminals of 22 selected PIs with boiling water and counting the mites under a stereomicroscope. ‘Mickey Lee’ had more broad mites on growing terminals compared with some of the PIs with no visible injury. Fourteen selected PIs were further evaluated in the greenhouse to confirm their resistance by artificially infesting them with broad mites that had been cultured on susceptible watermelon plants. PIs in accessions belonging to Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus (PI 357708), Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (PI 500354), Citrullus colocynthis (PI 386015, PI 386016, PI 525082), and Parecitrullus fistulosus (PI 449332) had significantly lower broad mite injury ratings and counts compared with ‘Mickey Lee’ and other susceptible PIs. Broad mites have not been reported on watermelons in the United States before; however, it can emerge as a serious pest. The previously mentioned accessions can serve as potential sources of broad mite resistance for use in breeding programs aimed at enhancing pest resistance in watermelon.

Medically Important Vector Borne Disease Control-Botanical Plant Extract Trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Rakhshan .
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
High Level ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Mosquitoes are vectors of many pathogens which causes serious human diseases like Malaria, Filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Yellow fever and Zika virus which constitute a major public health problem globally. Mosquito borne diseases cause high level of economic impact all over the world and result in millions of death every year. They infect around 700,000,000 people annually worldwide and 40,000,000 only in India. The continuous use of synthetic pesticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance, toxic effect on human health, environmental pollution and addition to these, its adverse effects can be observed on non-target organisms. Synthetic chemical pesticides have been proved to be effective, but overall in last 5 decades indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides against vector borne disease control have originated several ecological issues due to their residual accumulation and development of resistance in target vectors and their chronic effects.

Eco-smart pest management in rice farming: prospects and challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (Special) ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
SD Mohapatra ◽  
R Tripathi ◽  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
Suchismita Kar ◽  
Minati Mohapatra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Disruptive Technologies ◽  
Hyper Spectral ◽  
Rice Pest ◽  
Computer Based

The insect problem is accentuated in intensive rice cropping where the insects occur throughout the year in overlapping generations. Over 800 insect species damaging rice in one way or another, although the majority of them do very little damage. In India, about a dozen of insect species are of major importance but the economic damage caused by these species varies greatly from field to field and from year to year. Insect pests cause about 10-15 per cent yield losses. Farmers lose an estimated average of 37% of their rice crop to insect pests and diseases every year. This review focuses on precision farming tools being used in rice pest and diseases management viz., forecasting model for real-time pest-advisory services, hyper-spectral remote sensing in pest damage assessment, computer-based decision support system, disruptive technologies (mobile apps).

scholarly journals QTL Mapping Identifies Novel Source of Resistance to Fusarium Wilt Race 1 in Citrullus amarus

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 984-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra E. Branham ◽  
Amnon Levi ◽  
W. Patrick Wechter
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Mapping Study ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Genetic Source ◽  
Genetic Mapping Study

Fusarium wilt race 1, caused by the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.: Fr. f. sp. niveum (E.F. Sm.) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hans (Fon), is a major disease of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in the United States and throughout the world. Although Fusarium wilt race 1 resistance has been incorporated into several watermelon cultivars, identification of additional genetic sources of resistance is crucial if a durable and sustainable level of resistance is to be continued over the years. We conducted a genetic mapping study to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with resistance to Fon race 1 in segregating populations (F2:3 and recombinant inbred lines) of Citrullus amarus (citron melon) derived from the Fon race 1 resistant and susceptible parents USVL246-FR2 and USVL114, respectively. A major QTL (qFon1-9) associated with resistance to Fon race 1 was identified on chromosome 9 of USVL246-FR2. This discovery provides a novel genetic source of resistance to Fusarium wilt race 1 in watermelon and, thus, an additional host-resistance option for watermelon breeders to further the effort to mitigate this serious phytopathogen.

MANAGEMENT OF INSECT PESTS AND DISEASES OF LITCHI AND LONGAN IN CHINA

2010 ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.Q. Hu ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
Z.J. Cai ◽  
R.J. Wu ◽  
X.X. Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Pests And Diseases

scholarly journals In-field screening for host plant resistance to Delia radicum and Brevicoryne brassicae within selected rapeseed cultivars and new interspecific hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 711-720
Author(s):  
Janetta Niemann ◽  
Justyna Szwarc ◽  
Jan Bocianowski ◽  
Dorota Weigt ◽  
Marek Mrówczyński
Keyword(s):  
Life Sciences ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Cabbage Aphid ◽  
Hybrid Combination ◽  
Resistance To Insects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level

AbstractRapeseed (Brassica napus) can be attacked by a wide range of pests, for example, cabbage root fly (Delia radicum) and cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae). One of the best methods of pest management is breeding for insect resistance in rapeseed. Wild genotypes of Brassicaceae and rapeseed cultivars can be used as a source of resistance. In 2017, 2018, and 2019, field trials were performed to assess the level of resistance to D. radicum and B. brassicae within 53 registered rapeseed cultivars and 31 interspecific hybrid combinations originating from the resources of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding of Poznań University of Life Sciences (PULS). The level of resistance varied among genotypes and years. Only one hybrid combination and two B. napus cultivars maintained high level of resistance in all tested years, i.e., B. napus cv. Jet Neuf × B. carinata – PI 649096, Galileus, and Markolo. The results of this research indicate that resistance to insects is present in Brassicaceae family and can be transferred to rapeseed cultivars. The importance of continuous improvement of rapeseed pest resistance and the search for new sources of resistance is discussed; furthermore, plans for future investigations are presented.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Synthetic Pesticides Against Thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Hira Mannan ◽  
Qurban Ali Nahiyoon ◽  
Jilian Li
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Agronomic Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Pre Treatment

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is an essential vegetable crop with good nutritional significance. Insect pests are the major threat for poor production of the okra crop. Thrips of vegetable crops are known to be serious pests on a wide range of fruit, vegetable, flower, and agronomic crops. The present field study was carried out to know the efficacy of different insecticides (acetamiprid 19% weightable water (ww), lambda 25% ww, colarphipare 32% ww, lambda 2.5% ww and abamectin 1.3% ww) against Thrips, Thrips tabaci (Lindeman) on okra crop during the year 2019, and observations against T. tabaci (Lindeman) were recorded after 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs and 07 days of each spray in all the treatments. The pre-treatment count of thrips on okra was non-significant (P > 0.05); while the evaluated efficacy of different insecticides against thrips was significant (P < 0.01). It was noted that all the insecticides showed their highest efficacy after 7 days of spray and acetamiprid 19% weightable water (ww) was more efficient to combat the T. tabaci as compared to other pesticides that produced field efficacy of 73.92 and 74.91% against thrips after 7 days of 1st and 2nd spray respectively. Abamectin, 1.3% ww, was reasonably successful, yielding 53.81 and 56.66% field efficacy against T. tabaci (Lindeman) after 7 days of first and second spray. Also, moderately effective was colarphipare 32% ww, which developed field effectiveness of 56.41 and 61.49% against T. tabaci (Lindeman) after 7 days of first and second spray, respectively.

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