scholarly journals Controlled Atmosphere Storage, Temperature Conditioning, and Antioxidant Treatment Alter Postharvest ‘Honeycrisp’ Metabolism

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel S. Leisso ◽  
Ines Hanrahan ◽  
James P. Mattheis ◽  
David R. Rudell
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Glutamate Metabolism ◽  
Antioxidant Treatment ◽  
Propionate Metabolism ◽  
Postharvest Management ◽  
Soft Scald ◽  
Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Increased Activity

The physiology and metabolism characterizing postharvest chilling and CO2 injury in apple has important implications for postharvest management of soft scald and soggy breakdown. This research assessed differences of primary metabolism related to soggy breakdown (cortex CI) and CO2 cortex injury in ‘Honeycrisp’ apple fruit. Results indicate that prestorage temperature conditioning, diphenylamine (DPA), and CA treatments alter fruit metabolism and affect peel and cortex storage disorder outcome. A preliminary summary of primary metabolism involved with soggy breakdown under high CO2 includes increased activity in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, propionate metabolism, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism.

Effects of elevated CO2 and 1-methylcyclopropene on storage-related disorders of Ontario-grown Empire apples

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen L. Deyman ◽  
Greta Chiu ◽  
Jingyun Liu ◽  
Carolyne J. Brikis ◽  
Christopher P. Trobacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Flesh Browning ◽  
Atmosphere Storage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

Deyman, K. L., Chiu, G., Liu, J., Brikis, C. J., Trobacher, C. P., DeEll, J. R., Shelp, B. J. and Bozzo, G. G. 2014. Effects of elevated CO2 and 1-methylcyclopropene on storage-related disorders of Ontario-grown Empire apples. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 857–865. The impact of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) application on CO2-induced physiological injury in Empire apple fruit during controlled atmosphere storage was assessed over a 3-yr period using an experimental design involving multiple treatment replicates. Fruit harvested at optimal maturity from one or two orchards were treated with or without 1 µL L−1 1-MCP, then chilled at 0 or 3°C under various CO2 partial pressures (5, 2.5 or 0.03 kPa CO2) in the presence of 2.5 kPa O2 for up to 46 wk using a split-plot design. Fruit were sampled periodically for assessment of flesh browning and external peel injury. The maximal incidence of external CO2 injury varied from 15 to 100% over the 3 yr, and the most rapid development of this disorder was evident at 5 kPa CO2. The incidence of external CO2 injury as a function of storage time was influenced by orchard location and storage temperature. Moreover, the incidence of flesh browning at 0°C and 5 kPa CO2 was influenced slightly by orchard; this disorder was never higher than 30%, and the impact of elevated CO2 was inconsistent across years. Notably, there was no evidence for negative effects of 1-MCP on the incidence of storage-related disorders.

scholarly journals Assessing Preharvest Field Temperature and At-harvest Fruit Quality for Prediction of Soft Scald Risk of ‘Honeycrisp’ Apple Fruit during Cold Storage

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 910-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Leisso ◽  
Ines Hanrahan ◽  
Jim Mattheis
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Ethylene Concentration ◽  
Quality Control Laboratory ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Postharvest Management ◽  
Soft Scald

‘Honeycrisp’ apple is susceptible to the postharvest chilling disorder soft scald that renders fruit unmarketable. Reducing or preventing this disorder is an important component of ‘Honeycrisp’ postharvest management. In commercial settings, advanced fruit maturity and orchard history contribute to an estimation of soft scald susceptibility, but additional at-harvest information indicative of soft scald risk would enable better management decisions. In this study, we obtained fruit from commercial orchards for 3 successive years, and assessed field growing degree days (GDD), field chilling hours (CH), and fruit quality metrics at harvest, followed by soft scald incidence assessment at 12 weeks of cold storage. The analyses indicated starch index, soluble solids content (SSC), internal ethylene concentration, titratable acidity (TA), peel background color, firmness, GDD, or CH do not reliably indicate fruit susceptibility to soft scald. However, SSC and TA were elevated in fruit that later developed soft scald, and a higher number of GDD also sometimes preceded soft scald, which is consistent with advanced fruit maturity that can enhance soft scald risk. Overall, results suggest that other tools may be required to accurately predict postharvest soft scald on a quality control laboratory scale. The statistical analyses applied to the present study would have utility for assessing other soft scald prediction tools or markers.

Storage temperature, diphenylamine, and pre-storage delay effects on soft scald, soggy breakdown and bitter pit of ‘Honeycrisp’ apples

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B Watkins ◽  
Jacqueline F Nock ◽  
Sarah A Weis ◽  
Sastry Jayanty ◽  
Randolph M Beaudry
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Delay Effects ◽  
Bitter Pit ◽  
Honeycrisp Apples ◽  
Soft Scald

Apple fruit recovery from anoxia under controlled atmosphere storage

2022 ◽  
Vol 371 ◽  
pp. 131152
Author(s):  
Rachael Maree Wood ◽  
Fabio Rodrigo Thewes ◽  
Milena Reynaud ◽  
Dominikus Kittemann ◽  
Cláudia Kaehler Sautter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Atmosphere Storage

scholarly journals Aroma of mature-green and tree-ripe mangoes after refrigerated air or controlled atmosphere storage

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renar João Bender ◽  
Jeffrey Karl Brecht ◽  
Elizabeth Amory Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
Terpene Synthesis ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Aroma Components ◽  
Green Stage

ABSTRACT: Mango flavor is dependent on cultivar characteristics and postharvest handling procedures. Mangoes harvested with the ripening metabolism initiated develop better flavor than mangoes harvested at the mature-green stage. Different cultivars were harvested at both ripeness stages and evaluated to determine the effect of fruit ripeness, storage temperature and atmosphere on the volatiles present in aroma profiles. Mangoes of the cultivars Haden, Keitt and Tommy Atkins at distinct ripeness stages were stored in controlled atmospheres (CA) with 2, 5 or 21 kPa O2 plus 0, 10 or 25 kPa CO2 at 5, 8, 12 or 15 °C. Terpene concentrations of mangoes stored in air were higher than the concentrations in mangoes stored in CA. The sesquiterpene α-copaene did not present recognizable peaks in almost all elusion sequences. The same result was observed with the monoterpene β-pinene in cv. Haden and cv. Keitt mangoes while in ‘Tommy Atkins’ fruit β-pinene concentrations were below 1.06 µL.L-1. Ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations were significantly higher in mangoes from 2 kPa O2 storage than those from air storage or the other CA treatments. Terpene synthesis in air or CA storage in all cultivars varied significantly, preventing generalizations as to what storage conditions favor or limit aroma components elution.

scholarly journals Ethylene production in apple infected by Gleosporium album Ostrw. at cold storage

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
J. Goliáš ◽  
A. Němcová ◽  
P. Mýlová
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Light Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Headspace Gas

In ten cultivars of apple fruit, ethylene production expressed in μl/kg/h was determined. The cultivar Resista exhibited a higher ethylene production and can be differentiated from other cultivars. The production ranged from 4.2 ± 0.58 μl/kg/h in the case of Meteor cv. up to 131.6 ± 5.5 μl/kg/h in Resista cv. Infected fruit of Topaz cv. had a lower ethylene production at cold storage temperature (3°C) than some healthy fruit. All examined cultivars can be divided into three clusters. Discriminant analysis and canonical correlation analysis of the examined apple fruit led to the determination of healthy and infected fruit. Values of ethylene production were analyzed on intact fruit by using headspace gas analysis by CGC with thermal desorption technique. Carbosieve G was chosen as the adsorbent material for the traps due to its relatively high affinity for light hydrocarbons such as ethylene. For a full trap of ethylene in the enrichment column the sufficient amount of percolating gas is about 0.3 l.  

scholarly journals Avoiding Chilling Damage in ‘Hass’ Avocado Fruit by Controlled Atmosphere Storage at Higher Temperature

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1107-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Burdon ◽  
David Billing ◽  
Paul Pidakala
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Avocado Fruit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chilling Damage ◽  
Hass Avocado ◽  
Atmosphere Storage

Sea-freight distribution of ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana) is by refrigerated containers, sometimes supplemented by controlled atmosphere (CA). With both refrigeration and CA prolonging the storage life of the fruit, there is a question as to whether the technologies can be traded. That is, by using CA at warmer temperatures to extend storage without the risk of chilling damage. In this project, the potential to avoid chilling damage by storing fruit at 7 °C in 2% O2/2% CO2 CA instead of 5 °C in 2% O2/2% CO2 CA or air has been investigated for fruit stored for 4 or 6 weeks. Increasing the storage temperature from 5 °C to 7 °C did not affect the quality of fruit immediately out of CA storage, with no significant difference in skin color, firmness, or skin disorders. Both CA storage regimes, at 5 °C or 7 °C, resulted in better fruit quality than for fruit that had been stored in air at 5 °C. Overall, CA at 7 °C was less effective at retarding the progression of ripening in storage than CA at 5 °C, although after 4 weeks of storage, fruit from both CA regimes took longer to ripen than the air-stored fruit. After 6 weeks of storage, there was no difference in ripening time between fruit that had been stored in CA at 7 °C or in air at 5 °C, with fruit that had been in CA at 5 °C still taking longest to ripen. However, the incidence of diffuse flesh discoloration (DFD) in the air-stored fruit was high compared with that in fruit from CA at 7 °C or 5 °C. The main negative aspect to storing fruit in CA at 7 °C rather than at 5 °C was the higher incidence of rots in ripe fruit. While it was lower in the air-stored fruit, the incidence in fruit that had been stored in CA at 7 °C tended to be higher than that of the fruit stored in CA at 5 °C. It therefore appears that the potential for using CA at slightly higher temperatures to avoid chilling damage rests on the storage duration required and the risk of rots in the fruit.

scholarly journals Effect of Antioxidant Treatment on Fibrogenesis in Rats with Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Cirrhosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Bona ◽  
Lidiane Isabel Filippin ◽  
Fábio Cangeri Di Naso ◽  
Cintia de David ◽  
Bruna Valiatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽  
Glutathione Disulfide ◽  
Antioxidant Treatment ◽  
P450 Enzyme ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Increased Activity

Aim. This study aimed to assess the antioxidant activity of quercetin (Q) in an experimental model of cirrhosis induced by CCl4 inhalation. Materials and Methods. We used 25 male Wistar rats (250 g) that were divided into 3 groups: control (CO), CCl4, and CCl4+Q. The rats were subjected to CCl4 inhalation (2x/week) for 16 weeks, and they received phenobarbital in their drinking water at a dose of 0.3 g/dL as a P450 enzyme inducer. Q (50 mg/Kg) was initiated intraperitoneally at 10 weeks of inhalation and lasted until the end of the experiment. Statistical analysis was by ANOVA Student Newman-Keuls (mean±SEM), and differences were considered statistically significant when P<0.05. Results. After treatment with quercetin, we observed an improvement in liver complications, decreased fibrosis, as analyzed by picrosirius for the quantification of collagen, and decreased levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) compared with the CCl4 group. It also reduced oxidative stress, as confirmed by the decrease of substances reacting to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the reduced glutathione ratio and glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG). Conclusion. We suggest that the use of quercetin might be promising as an antioxidant therapy in liver fibrosis.

scholarly journals Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Interactions on Quality of Controlled Atmosphere-stored ‘Empire’ Apples

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1708-1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.B. Watkins ◽  
F.W. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Soft Fruit ◽  
Flesh Browning ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Storage Temperatures

The storage potential of ‘Empire’ apples [Malus ×sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] in controlled atmosphere storage has been studied. Fruit were treated with a range of partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) from 0 to 5 kPa at storage temperatures of 0, 0.5, and 3 °C. The predominant storage disorders that developed were external CO2 injury, flesh browning (chilling injury), senescent breakdown (soft flesh browning), and core browning. All disorders except external CO2 injury increased with longer storage periods. The incidence of external CO2 injury was usually greater with higher storage temperature, whereas flesh browning was worst at lower storage temperatures and senescent breakdown was higher at warmer storage temperatures. The effect of storage temperature on core browning was not consistent. External CO2 injury, flesh browning, and core browning incidences were higher with increasing pCO2, especially above 2 kPa. Flesh firmness was lowest at warmer storage temperatures and in the absence of CO2. Orchard to orchard variation for all factors was high. Relationships of disorders with mineral concentrations were specific to disorder and storage conditions. The results suggest that ‘Empire’ should be stored at 1 to 2 °C, reflecting a compromise between risk of flesh browning at 0 °C and risk of senescent breakdown and unacceptably soft fruit at 3 °C and that pCO2 should be maintained below 2 kPa and closer to 1 kPa.

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