scholarly journals Changes in Leaf Length, Width, Area, and Photosynthesis of Fruit Cucumber in a Greenhouse Production System

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 995-999
Author(s):  
Xiaotao Ding ◽  
Liyao Yu ◽  
Yuping Jiang ◽  
Shaojun Yang ◽  
Lizhong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Leaf Transpiration ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Quadratic Models

Changes in leaf length, width, area, weight, chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, and photosynthetic variables with different leaf positions were investigated in fruit cucumber. Plants were grown on rockwool slabs in an environmentally controlled greenhouse and irrigated by drip fertigation. Leaf measurements were conducted from the first to the 15th leaf (the oldest to the youngest). The results showed that fresh weight per unit leaf area decreased from the second to the 15th leaf. Changes in cucumber leaf length, width, and area followed quadratic models from the first to the 15th leaf. The quadratic models of leaf length, width, and area fit the measurements well, with R2 values of 0.925, 0.951, and 0.955, respectively. The leaf chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid contents increased from the oldest leaf (first leaf) to the youngest leaf and decreased after reaching the highest values. Changes in the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) also followed the quadratic model from the first to the 15th leaf, with R2 values of 0.975. The leaf transpiration rate (Tr) increased from the first to the 14th leaf. Our results revealed patterns in leaf growth and photosynthetic changes at different leaf positions in fruit cucumber and improved our understanding of the growth and development of fruit cucumber in the greenhouse production system.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Supply Influences Carbohydrate Partitioning of Pepper Seedlings and Transplant Development

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 995-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beny Aloni ◽  
Tamara Pashkar ◽  
Lea Karni ◽  
Jaleh Daie
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Carbohydrate Partitioning ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

We investigated the effects of N nutrition on growth and carbohydrate partitioning of pepper (Capsicum annuum L., cv. Maor) seedlings in the greenhouse and on their subsequent recovery and development after transplanting. Seedlings received 0, 30, 100, or 200 mg N/liter for 14 days, after which they were transplanted and received 100 mg N/liter. Nitrogen levels below 100 mg·liter−1 inhibited shoot growth and leaf chlorophyll content; both were severely inhibited in the absence of supplemental N. Root growth had a negative relation with N supply; an enhanced root: shoot ratio was observed under low-N regimes. On a unit-leaf-area basis, CO2 fixation was not affected when N was present; however, it was greatly inhibited in the absence of N. Changes in the leaf starch and soluble sugar concentrations occurred as a function of N supply and leaf age. In the roots, low N led to lower sucrose and higher levels of hexose and starch. More sucrose was transported and accumulated into leaf veins of low-N tissue. Exogenously supplied 14C-labeled sucrose was rapidly converted into starch in the low-N tissue. Seedlings that received 100 mg N/liter had the highest post-transplant growth rate and flowered earlier. Carbohydrate status of young pepper seedlings influenced their post-transplant recovery. Optimal N supply is essential for full recovery and development of transplants.

scholarly journals Do we have infraspecific taxa of Salvia multicaulis Vahl. (Lamiaceae) in Iran?

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mehdi Talebi ◽  
Reza Rezakhanlou ◽  
A V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Basal Leaf ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Length Width

<p><em>Salvia multicaulis</em> is a widespread species of Lamiaceae family in Iran. There are many discussions about its infraspecific variations. Although some varieties were definite for this species in various parts of the world, no infraspecific taxon was reported in Iran and all samples of this species were named as S. multicaulis. In this study, morphological characteristics of S. multicaulis populations, naturally growing in Iran, was examined. Twenty-two traits were examined in 94 individuals of this species to<br />identify their phenotypic difference. Most of the investigated features were showing a high degree of variability, but it was highly pronounced for some characteristics such as basal leaf shape, basal leaf width, basal leaf length/ width ratio and basal petiole length. Significant positive/negative correlations were observed between some morphological variables. Furthermore, significant negative correlations were found between the eastern distribution of populations with basal leaf petiole length and basal leaf length/ width ratio. Based on the UPGMA cluster analysis, populations were divided into two main branches. The first branch contained four populations, while the second branch was bigger and clustered in two sub-branches. In one of them,<br />three populations and in another one the rest populations arranged in two groups. CA joined plot confirmed that each of studied populations or group of populations had distinct morphological trait(s), which were useful in identification of them. Our findings supported population no. 13 had unique morphological traits such as the largest bracts and basal leaf petiole, highest flower number of each inflorescence cycle, widest and largest calyx. The conservation of the highly diverse populations of<br />Iranian S. multicaulis is recommended.</p>

scholarly journals Morphological Variations of Robusta Coffee As a Response to Different Altitude in Lampung

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Erwin Prastowo ◽  
Rina Arimarsetiowati
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Qualitative Variable ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Key Issues

The coffee growth is considered to depend, partly, on the environmental condition at which they develop to accomplish both vegetative and generative stages. An exploratory survey in Lampung aimed at investigating the morphological characteristics of 13 Robusta coffee accessions growing on different altitudes.Local superior coffee clones were selected from eight farms, and subjected to identifications. Three key issues were concerned for both quantitatively, i.e. plant components of leaves, branches, and fruits, and qualitatively such as leaves and fruit characteristics, i.e. colour and shape. The analysis shows a similarity of about 60% of total qualitative variable identified among different accessions. The remaining characters are suggested to be more varying such as flush colour, leaf surface, ripe fruit colour, and stipule shape. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis showed a higher level of similarity for fruit characters, i.e. fruit length, -width, and -thickness, and to a slightly lower level for leaf characteristics, i.e. leaf length and -width, and number of productive branches. It was revealed that some variables, i.e. fruit weight; leaf and seed; and canopy characteristics, explaining the morphological variation of coffee throughout the accessions. Furthermore, cluster analysis may indicated a possible similarity of coffee morphologies either from area with different or the same environmental conditions. A high heterogeneity related to environmental conditions, genotypic variations, plant nutritional status, and agronomic practices, which unable to confirm in the present study, may limit the specific conclusions.

scholarly journals Effects of leaf length and development stage on the triple oxygen isotope signature of grass leaf water and phytoliths: insights for a proxy of continental atmospheric humidity

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4613-4625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Alexandre ◽  
Elizabeth Webb ◽  
Amaelle Landais ◽  
Clément Piel ◽  
Sébastien Devidal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Leaf Biomass

Abstract. Continental relative humidity (RH) is a key climate parameter, but there is a lack of quantitative RH proxies suitable for climate model–data comparisons. Recently, a combination of climate chamber and natural transect calibrations have laid the groundwork for examining the robustness of the triple oxygen isotope composition (δ′18O and 17O-excess) of phytoliths, that can preserve in sediments, as a new proxy for past changes in RH. However, it was recommended that besides RH, additional factors that may impact δ′18O and 17O-excess of plant water and phytoliths be examined. Here, the effects of grass leaf length, leaf development stage and day–night alternations are addressed from growth chamber experiments. The triple oxygen isotope compositions of leaf water and phytoliths of the grass species F. arundinacea are analysed. Evolution of the leaf water δ′18O and 17O-excess along the leaf length can be modelled using a string-of-lakes approach to which an unevaporated–evaporated mixing equation must be added. We show that for phytoliths to record this evolution, a kinetic fractionation between leaf water and silica, increasing from the base to the apex, must be assumed. Despite the isotope heterogeneity of leaf water along the leaf length, the bulk leaf phytolith δ′18O and 17O-excess values can be estimated from the Craig and Gordon model and a mean leaf water–phytolith fractionation exponent (λPhyto-LW) of 0.521. In addition to not being leaf length dependent, δ′18O and 17O-excess of grass phytoliths are expected to be impacted only very slightly by the stem vs. leaf biomass ratio. Our experiment additionally shows that because a lot of silica polymerises in grasses when the leaf reaches senescence (58 % of leaf phytoliths in mass), RH prevailing during the start of senescence should be considered in addition to RH prevailing during leaf growth when interpreting the 17O-excess of grass bulk phytoliths. Although under the study conditions 17O-excessPhyto do not vary significantly from constant day to day–night conditions, additional monitoring at low RH conditions should be done before drawing any generalisable conclusions. Overall, this study strengthens the reliability of the 17O-excess of phytoliths to be used as a proxy of RH. If future studies show that the mean value of 0.521 used for the grass leaf water–phytolith fractionation exponent λPhyto-LW is not climate dependent, then grassland leaf water 17O-excess obtained from grassland phytolith 17O-excess would inform on isotope signals of several soil–plant-atmosphere processes.

Greenhouse production of Echinacea purpurea (L.) and E. angustifolia using different growing media, NO3−/NH4+ ratios and watering regimes

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 809-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youbin Zheng ◽  
Mike Dixon ◽  
Praveen Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Production System ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Current field cultivation and wild-harvest methods for the medicinal plant Echinacea are struggling to meet the requirements for a high-quality, uniformly produced crop for human consumption. To help meet this challenge, the potential of using a greenhouse production system for Echinacea production was explored. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench and angustifolia DC. var. angustifolia plants were grown in three types of greenhouse production systems: (1) deep flow solution culture (D), (2) pots with either Pro-Mix (P) or (3) sand (S). Plants were irrigated with one of three nutrient solutions containing NO3−/NH4+ ratios of 7:1, 5:1 or 3:1, respectively. The plants grown in the Pro-Mix and the sand systems were either well-watered or subjected to periodical water stress. The results obtained after 12 wk of growth showed that Echinacea root production in the greenhouse systems was comparable with or better than that in the field. Based on root and total biomass production, the Pro-Mix system was the best production system for both E. angustifolia and E. purpurea. In most cases, the NO3−/NH4+ ratio did not have significant effects on the growth of either species. When effects were seen, however, higher NO3−/NH4+ levels generally resulted in greater leaf area, root and total biomass, and a higher root/shoot ratio. Mild periodic water stress did not affect the root/shoot ratio or the root biomass in either species. The application of a periodic water stress reduced leaf area of both species, but a reduction in total biomass was only observed in E. purpurea. Key words: Echinacea, greenhouse production, hydroponic production, medicinal plant, NO3−/NH4+ ratio, water stress

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document