scholarly journals Physiological and Nutritional Responses of ‘HB’ Pummelo [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck ‘Hirado Buntan’] to the Combined Effects of Low pH Levels and Boron Deficiency

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-456
Author(s):  
Gaofeng Zhou ◽  
Bixian Li ◽  
Jianmei Chen ◽  
Fengxian Yao ◽  
Guan Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Combined Effects

Soil acidification and boron (B) starvation are two dominant abiotic stress factors impacting citrus production in the red soil region of southern China. To evaluate the combined effects of low pH and B deficiency on plant growth, gas exchange parameters, and the concentrations of B and other mineral nutrients, ‘HB’ pummelo seedlings were treated under B deficiency (0 μM H3BO3) or adequate B (23 μM H3BO3) conditions at various low pH levels (4.0, 5.0, and 6.0). The seedlings were grown with modified half-strength Hoagland’s solution under greenhouse conditions for 12 weeks. Plant biomass, leaf area, seedling height, and root traits were remarkably inhibited by low pH and B deficiency stresses, and these parameters were extremely reduced with the decrease in pH levels. After 12 weeks of treatment, typical stress symptoms associated with B deficiency in citrus leaf were observed, with more severe symptoms observed at pH 4.0 and 5.0 than at pH 6.0. Leaf gas exchange parameter measurements showed that leaf photosynthesis was significantly inhibited under both low pH and B-deficient conditions. Notably, the lower the pH level, the greater the inhibition under both normal and deficient B conditions. Further investigations of the mineral nutrient concentrations showed that under both low pH and B deficiency, the concentrations of B and other mineral nutrients were influenced remarkably, particularly at pH 4.0 and 5.0. The physiological and nutritional results of the ‘HB’ pummelo seedlings indicated that low pH can exacerbate the effects of B deficiency to a certain extent.

ISOLATED AND COMBINED EFFECTS OF SOIL SALINITY AND WATERLOGGING IN THE LEAF GAS EXCHANGE OF GREEN DWARF COCONUT SEEDLINGS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. F. MEDEIROS ◽  
C. F. LACERDA ◽  
F. I. F. OLIVEIRA ◽  
C. H. C. SOUSA ◽  
A. R. A. SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Combined Effects

scholarly journals Salinity Influences Photosynthetic Characteristics, Water Relations, and Foliar Mineral Composition of Annona squamosa L.

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Marler ◽  
Yasmina Zozor
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Annona Squamosa

Leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, water relations, and mineral nutrient relations responses of Annona squamosa seedlings to mild salinity were studied in sand culture in five experiments during 1990, 1991, and 1993. Trees were irrigated with a complete nutrient solution (control) or with this solution amended to 3 or 6 dS·m-1 with sea salt. Inhibition of net CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance of CO2, and transpiration was apparent within 2 weeks of initiating salinity treatments, and gas exchange continued to decline until day 30 to 35. The diurnal pattern of leaf gas exchange was not altered by increased salinity. Salinity reduced CO2, light energy, and water-use efficiencies. Salinity sometimes reduced the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence below that of the control, and this response was highly dependent on the ambient light conditions that preceded the measurements. Dark respiration was unaffected by salinity stress. Root zone salinity of 3 dS·m-1 administered for 52 days did not influence foliar sodium concentration or the ratio of sodium to potassium, but increased chloride concentration and decreased nitrogen concentration. The sodium response indicated that some form of exclusion or compartmentation occurred. Salinity reduced osmotic potential of root tissue but did not influence foliar osmotic or predawn xylem potential. These results indicate that A. squamosa is sensitive to salinity stress, and that the responses to salinity are consistent with other salt-sensitive woody perennial species.

Applications of mineral nutrients to heavily N-fertilized Scots pine trees: Effects on arginine and mineral nutrient concentrations

1996 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Britt Edfast ◽  
Torgny N�sholm ◽  
Aron Aronsson ◽  
Anders Ericsson
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Pine Trees

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal roles in plant growth, gas exchange, root morphology, and nutrient uptake of walnuts

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Ming Huang ◽  
Ying-Ning Zou ◽  
Qiang-Sheng Wu ◽  
Yong-Jie Xu ◽  
Kamil Kuča
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Nutrient Contents

Walnut, an important oil fruit tree, is dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizas, while mycorrhizal roles and efficient mycorrhizal fungus in walnuts are unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of five arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species, including Acaulospora scrobiculata, Diversispora spurca, Glomus etunicatum, G. mosseae, and G. versiforme on plant growth, leaf gas exchange, root morphology, and root nutrient contents of walnut (Juglans regia L. Liaohe 1) seedlings. Three months of AMF inoculations later, root mycorrhizal colonisation achieved 47.0% to 76.4%. AMF treatments increased plant growth performance, dependent on AMF species. AMF-inoculated plants with D. spurca, G. etunicatum, and G. mosseae showed higher root length, projected area, surface area, and volume than non-AMF plants. Except for G. versiforme, the other four AMF treatments almost significantly increased leaf photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductivity, while reduced intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and leaf temperature. AMF affected root nutrient contents, dependent on AMF and mineral nutrient species. These results, thereby, concluded that AMF had a positive role in walnuts, dependent on AMF species, and D. spurca was the best mycorrhizal fungus for walnut. Such results provide the potential possibility of a developing consortium of AMF in walnut cultivation management.

scholarly journals Bell Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) Crop as Affected by Shade Level: Microenvironment, Plant Growth, Leaf Gas Exchange, and Leaf Mineral Nutrient Concentration

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Díaz-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Leaf Transpiration

Use of shading nets helps ameliorate heat stress of vegetable crops. This study evaluated the effects of shade level on microenvironment, plant growth, leaf gas exchange, and mineral nutrient content of field-grown bell pepper crop. Bell pepper cultivars Camelot, Lafayette, Sirius, and Stiletto were grown at 0%, 30%, 47%, 62%, and 80% shade levels. Photosynthetically active radiation and air, leaf, and root zone temperatures decreased as shade level increased. Despite having increased plant leaf area, there was increased soil water content with increased shade level, indicating reduced soil water use. With increased shade level, the total plant leaf area, individual leaf area, and individual leaf weight increased, whereas leaf number per plant and specific leaf weight decreased. In contrast to non-normalized chlorophyll index (CI) values, CI normalized by specific leaf weight were related to leaf nitrogen (N) and increased with increased shade level. Net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance (gS) decreased and leaf transpiration increased with increased shade level, particularly above 47% shade level. Leaf concentrations of N, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sulfur (S), aluminum (Al), and boron (B) increased with increased shade level. Relatively few differences in plant growth, leaf gas exchange, and leaf mineral nutrient concentrations were observed among cultivars. In conclusion, morphological changes such as taller plants and thinner and larger leaves likely enhanced light capture under shaded conditions compared with unshaded plants. High shade levels reduced leaf temperature and excessive leaf transpiration but resulted in reduced leaf photosynthesis. Thus, moderate shade levels (30% and 47%) were the most favorable for bell pepper plant growth and function.

Mineral Nutrient Composition of Leaves and Fruits of Selected Species of Grevillea From Southwestern Australia, With Special Reference to Grevillea leucopteris Meissn

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Hocking
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Southwestern Australia ◽  
P Content ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Very High

A study was made of mineral nutrient concentrations and distributions in leaves and fruits of 10 species of Grevillea from diverse localities in south-western Australia. Seeds of all species contained high concentrations of mineral nutrients, despite the nutrient-poor soils of their habitats. Leaves and the leathery follicles which contained the seeds typically had very low levels of nutrients. With few exceptions, the concentration and distribution patterns of a particular nutrient in fruits were similar in all the species studied. In these species, over 90% of the P content, and between 50 and 70% of the N, Zn and Cu contents of a fruit were located in seeds. Some species accumulated very high concentrations of a particular nutrient, e.g. Ca in seeds and leaves of G. leucopteris, K in seeds of G. tripartita and Fe in follicles of G. petrophiloides. Ratios of K : Ca concentrations were low (< 1) in seeds of G. candelabroides, G. petrophiloides, G. pinaster and especially G. polybotrya and G. leucopteris, which are characterized by high Ca concentrations in their seeds. In the Grevillea species studied, Na C1 and Fe accumulated in the leathery follicle but not in the seeds. A study of G. leucopteris from 18 localities throughout its ecological and distributional range showed that concentrations and distribution patterns for each nutrient in fruits were similar, irrespective of soil type. It is concluded from the results for G. leucopteris and the other species that there is conservative genetic regulation of seed mineral nutrition in the genus Grevillea.

scholarly journals Fertilization and Pre-Sowing Seed Soaking Affect Yield and Mineral Nutrients of Ten Microgreen Species

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Tongyin Li ◽  
Geoffrey T. Lalk ◽  
Guihong Bi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Seed Soaking ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Sowing Seed

Microgreens, vegetable or herb seedlings consumed at a young growth stage, are considered to be a functional food with high concentrations of mineral nutrients and healthy beneficial bioactive compounds. The production of microgreens has been increasing in recent years. Vegetable growers are interested in growing microgreens as a new specialty crop due to their high market value, popularity, and short production cycles. However, there is a lack of research-based crop-specific recommendations for cultural practices including fertilization, pre-sowing seed treatments, and their effects on nutritional facts of microgreens. Ten microgreen species were evaluated for their shoot growth and mineral nutrient concentrations as affected by one-time post-emergence fertilization and pre-sowing seed soaking in two repeated experiments, from November 2018 to January 2019, in a greenhouse. The microgreen species varied in fresh and dry shoot weights, shoot height, visual rating, as well as macro- and micro-nutrient concentrations. Fertilization with a general-purpose soluble fertilizer (20-20-20 with micronutrients) at a rate of 100 mg·L−1 nitrogen (N) increased fresh shoot weight, and macro- and micro-nutrient concentrations in one or both experiments, with the exception of decreasing concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn). Seed soaking consistently decreased fresh or dry shoot weight and nutrient concentrations when there was a significant effect.

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