Mineral Nutrient Composition of Leaves and Fruits of Selected Species of Grevillea From Southwestern Australia, With Special Reference to Grevillea leucopteris Meissn

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Hocking
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Southwestern Australia ◽  
P Content ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Very High

A study was made of mineral nutrient concentrations and distributions in leaves and fruits of 10 species of Grevillea from diverse localities in south-western Australia. Seeds of all species contained high concentrations of mineral nutrients, despite the nutrient-poor soils of their habitats. Leaves and the leathery follicles which contained the seeds typically had very low levels of nutrients. With few exceptions, the concentration and distribution patterns of a particular nutrient in fruits were similar in all the species studied. In these species, over 90% of the P content, and between 50 and 70% of the N, Zn and Cu contents of a fruit were located in seeds. Some species accumulated very high concentrations of a particular nutrient, e.g. Ca in seeds and leaves of G. leucopteris, K in seeds of G. tripartita and Fe in follicles of G. petrophiloides. Ratios of K : Ca concentrations were low (< 1) in seeds of G. candelabroides, G. petrophiloides, G. pinaster and especially G. polybotrya and G. leucopteris, which are characterized by high Ca concentrations in their seeds. In the Grevillea species studied, Na C1 and Fe accumulated in the leathery follicle but not in the seeds. A study of G. leucopteris from 18 localities throughout its ecological and distributional range showed that concentrations and distribution patterns for each nutrient in fruits were similar, irrespective of soil type. It is concluded from the results for G. leucopteris and the other species that there is conservative genetic regulation of seed mineral nutrition in the genus Grevillea.

scholarly journals Shoot Production and Mineral Nutrients of Five Microgreens as Affected by Hydroponic Substrate Type and Post-Emergent Fertilization

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Tongyin Li ◽  
Geoffrey T. Lalk ◽  
Jacob D. Arthur ◽  
Madeline H. Johnson ◽  
Guihong Bi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Specialty Crop ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Substrate Choice ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
K Concentration

As a new specialty crop with high market value, microgreens are vegetable or herb seedlings consumed at a young age, 7–21 days after germination. They are known as functional food with high concentrations of mineral nutrients and health beneficial phytochemicals. Microgreen industry lacks standardized recommendations on cultural practices including species/variety selection, substrate choice, and fertilization management. This study evaluated shoot growth and mineral nutrient concentrations in five microgreens including four Brassica and one Raphanus microgreens as affected by four hydroponic pad types and post-emergent fertilization in two experiments in January and February 2020. The five microgreens varied in their shoot height, fresh, dry shoot weights, and mineral nutrient concentrations with radish producing the highest fresh and dry shoot weights. Radish had the highest nitrogen (N) concentration and mustard had the highest phosphorus (P) concentrations when grown with three hydroponic pads except for hemp mat. Hydroponic pad type altered fresh, dry shoot weights, and mineral nutrients in tested microgreens. Microgreens in hemp mat showed the highest shoot height, fresh, dry shoot weights, and potassium (K) concentration, but the lowest N concentration in one or two experiments. One time post-emergent fertilization generally increased shoot height, fresh, dry shoot weights, and macronutrient concentrations in microgreens.

scholarly journals The quality of water of the Mantovo reservoir, Republic of Macedonia

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Slavevska-Stamenkovic ◽  
T. Stafilov ◽  
S. Smiljkov ◽  
M. Paunovic ◽  
S. Hristovski
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Limnodrilus Hoffmeisteri ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Environmental Status ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Very High

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the quality of water of the Mantovo Reservoir (Southeast Macedonia)based on physico-chemical parameters and the macrozoobenthos. Monthly sampling was performed during 2003 and 2004. Temperature and DO depth profile data indicate that the Mantovo Reservoir is a dimictic lake. Based on mean nutrient concentrations, the Mantovo Reservoir can be considered as being phosphorus-deficient. During the summer stratification, very high concentrations of Mn (2,819 ?g/l)and Cu (147.6?g/l)were detected in the lower profundal. Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri was the dominant species, which indicates the presence of organic pollution. Dominance of Chaoborus crystallinus and decline in abundance of L. hoffmeisteri in the lower profundal indicate a deterioration of environmental status in the deepest part of the lake.

scholarly journals ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF HUMIC ACIDS FROM A NEOGENE LIGNITE SAMPLE, BULGARIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 2398
Author(s):  
M. Stefanova ◽  
S.P. Marinov
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acids ◽  
Organic Geochemistry ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Acidic Fraction ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Very High

Humic substances naturally occur in Miocene/Pliocene-aged lignite at very high concentrations. Here biomarkers in the bitumen-free extract of humic acids from Thracian lignite, Bulgaria, are studied. Applying methods of organic geochemistry a broad range of compounds are isolated and characterised. Species are classified according to abundance, possible source input and diagenetic transformation. A feature of humic acids derived from Thracian coal is the extremely high content of 16α(H)Phyllocladane, ~60% of aliphatic fraction, or 1.6 wt.% of initial lignite. The high diterpenoids content, especially with abietane skeleton, proved the conifer contribution to the peat-forming helophytes, i.e. Cupressaceae s. str., Podocarpaceae, Araucariaceae, Taxodiaceae, Phyllocladus, Piceae. Tightly-trapped, linear long-chain fatty acids (FAs) are the main constituents of the acidic fraction of humic acids. Their distribution patterns indicate a dominant higher plant origin. The presence of αOH-FAs and hopanoid acids assumes bacterial activity in the plant material reworked. A hint for the input of plant biopolymers, i.e. cutin, suberin, is the relative high content of “even” carbon numbered ωΟΗFAs and α,ω-alkanedioic FAs. “Even” numbered short-chain ωΟΗFAs could originate from cutin-derived constituents of the needles of numerous species of gymnospermous families.

scholarly journals Physiological and Nutritional Responses of ‘HB’ Pummelo [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck ‘Hirado Buntan’] to the Combined Effects of Low pH Levels and Boron Deficiency

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-456
Author(s):  
Gaofeng Zhou ◽  
Bixian Li ◽  
Jianmei Chen ◽  
Fengxian Yao ◽  
Guan Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Combined Effects

Soil acidification and boron (B) starvation are two dominant abiotic stress factors impacting citrus production in the red soil region of southern China. To evaluate the combined effects of low pH and B deficiency on plant growth, gas exchange parameters, and the concentrations of B and other mineral nutrients, ‘HB’ pummelo seedlings were treated under B deficiency (0 μM H3BO3) or adequate B (23 μM H3BO3) conditions at various low pH levels (4.0, 5.0, and 6.0). The seedlings were grown with modified half-strength Hoagland’s solution under greenhouse conditions for 12 weeks. Plant biomass, leaf area, seedling height, and root traits were remarkably inhibited by low pH and B deficiency stresses, and these parameters were extremely reduced with the decrease in pH levels. After 12 weeks of treatment, typical stress symptoms associated with B deficiency in citrus leaf were observed, with more severe symptoms observed at pH 4.0 and 5.0 than at pH 6.0. Leaf gas exchange parameter measurements showed that leaf photosynthesis was significantly inhibited under both low pH and B-deficient conditions. Notably, the lower the pH level, the greater the inhibition under both normal and deficient B conditions. Further investigations of the mineral nutrient concentrations showed that under both low pH and B deficiency, the concentrations of B and other mineral nutrients were influenced remarkably, particularly at pH 4.0 and 5.0. The physiological and nutritional results of the ‘HB’ pummelo seedlings indicated that low pH can exacerbate the effects of B deficiency to a certain extent.

Applications of mineral nutrients to heavily N-fertilized Scots pine trees: Effects on arginine and mineral nutrient concentrations

1996 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Britt Edfast ◽  
Torgny N�sholm ◽  
Aron Aronsson ◽  
Anders Ericsson
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Pine Trees

Accumulation of Mineral Nutrients by Developing Fruits of Prickly Plume Grevillea (Grevillea annulifera F. Muell.)

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Hocking
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Nutritional Information ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Very High

The nutrition of developing fruits of Grevillea annulifera was studied in its natural habitat on sandy heathland 600 km N. of Perth, W.A. Seeds made up 33% of the dry matter of the fruit at maturity and accumulated over 70% of the Mg, Cu, N, Zn and P, 42-61% of the S, K, Fe, Ca and Mn but less than 20% of the Na. Follicles lost most of their P, Zn and N during fruit ripening and small quantities of Mg and Cu. Dry matter, K, S, Ca, Na, Fe and Mn were not withdrawn from follicles. Retranslocation from follicles could have provided from 24 to 41% of the P, Zn and N in seeds. The seed coat made up 60% of the dry matter of seeds and had most of the K, Ca, Na, Fe and Cl; the embryo had most of the N, P, S, Mg, Zn, Mn and Cu. Levels of most nutrients in embryos of G. annulifera were very high when compared with those in seeds of crop species. Leaves had low levels of most nutrients. The results suggest that G. annulifera has the nutritional characteristics common to xeromorphs and the ability to transport nutrients very efficiently to fruits, and especially to embryos. An ecological survey of nutrient levels in fruits at three localities revealed that within-locality variation was as great as or greater than that between localities. Nutritional information is discussed in relation to flower and fruit shedding by the species. It is suggested that spatial restrictions to fruit growth contribute partly to fruit shedding.

The activation of β-galactosidase (E.coli) by Mg2+at lower pH values

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Martinez-Bilbao ◽  
Reuben E. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Free Enzyme ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

The activation of β-galactosidase (E. coli) by Mg2+at pH values below 7.6 was studied. If the Mg2+concentration was high enough, the kcatvalues at pH values down to 5.0 remained at the same high level as at pH 7 and 7.6 (600–620 s−1with o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside as the substrate). Very high concentrations of Mg2+(greater than 100 mM at pH 5) were, however, needed to saturate the Mg2+site at lower pH values. The Kmvalues at low levels of Mg2+were high at every pH but they decreased and approached the same low value at every pH (about 0.13 mM) as the [Mg2+] was increased. These data indicate that it is difficult to bind Mg2+at lower pH values, but the kcatand Kmvalues of the enzyme, and therefore the rates of galactosylation (k2), degalactosylation (k3), and binding (Ks), do not change substantially as a function of pH provided that a Mg2+is bound to the enzyme. The data also showed that Mg2+and protons compete for the same site. Analysis by plotting log [Mg2+]midvs. pH showed that the binding of Mg2+to the free enzyme involves two groups with pKavalues in the vicinity of 7 and one group with a pKavalue near 5.5. (The values referred to as [Mg2+]midare the Mg2+concentrations that resulted in kcatvalues midway between basal and maximum.) The "apparent" pKavalues of the groups when a Mg2+was bound (at saturating [Mg2+]) all appeared to be below 5.0.Key words: β-galactosidase, magnesium, pH, activation, glutamic acid, histidine, binding.

The interactive effects of phosphorus, sulfur and cultivar on the early growth and condensed tannin content of greater lotus (Lotus uliginosus) and birdsfoot trefoil (L. corniculatus)

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Kelman
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Low Levels

Although soil phosphorus and sulfur influence the establishment and condensed tannin (CT) content of perennial Lotus species, previous field responses to superphosphate fertiliser applications have been confounded by moisture stress and weed competition, and the association of CT content with soil fertility has not been consistent between sites and species. In a glasshouse experiment, 2 cultivars of L. uliginosus (Grasslands Maku and Sharnae) and 1 cultivar of L. corniculatus (Grasslands Goldie) were grown in sand culture under 3 levels of phosphorus (0.1, 0.2 and 0.7 mmol/L) and 3 levels of sulfur (2.6, 6.4 and 92.4 mmol/L), applied as nutrient solutions, to examine the interaction of cultivar, phosphorus and sulfur on dry weight, CT content and mineral nutrient concentrations. Dry weight of the Lotus cultivars 68 days after sowing was significantly increased by increasing levels of phosphorus and sulfur, and there was a significant phosphorus × sulfur interaction, characterised by a much smaller response to increasing phosphorus at low levels of sulfur compared with the response at intermediate and high levels. Results indicated that positive responses to superphosphate applications at establishment can be expected if weed competition is controlled and that both soil phosphorus and sulfur should be monitored in order to predict responses to superphosphate applications at sowing. In L. corniculatus cv. Grasslands Goldie, low levels of CT were maintained at increasing phosphorus and sulfur treatment levels, whereas the CT content of the L. uliginosus cultivars increased with increasing levels of phosphorus and sulfur and was positively correlated with dry weight accumulation. This result, allied to measurements of CT in grazed swards, suggests that a management strategy of frequent cutting or grazing during the active growth phase will maintain optimal CT levels for grazing in L. uliginosus cultivars.

scholarly journals Fertilization and Pre-Sowing Seed Soaking Affect Yield and Mineral Nutrients of Ten Microgreen Species

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Tongyin Li ◽  
Geoffrey T. Lalk ◽  
Guihong Bi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Seed Soaking ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Sowing Seed

Microgreens, vegetable or herb seedlings consumed at a young growth stage, are considered to be a functional food with high concentrations of mineral nutrients and healthy beneficial bioactive compounds. The production of microgreens has been increasing in recent years. Vegetable growers are interested in growing microgreens as a new specialty crop due to their high market value, popularity, and short production cycles. However, there is a lack of research-based crop-specific recommendations for cultural practices including fertilization, pre-sowing seed treatments, and their effects on nutritional facts of microgreens. Ten microgreen species were evaluated for their shoot growth and mineral nutrient concentrations as affected by one-time post-emergence fertilization and pre-sowing seed soaking in two repeated experiments, from November 2018 to January 2019, in a greenhouse. The microgreen species varied in fresh and dry shoot weights, shoot height, visual rating, as well as macro- and micro-nutrient concentrations. Fertilization with a general-purpose soluble fertilizer (20-20-20 with micronutrients) at a rate of 100 mg·L−1 nitrogen (N) increased fresh shoot weight, and macro- and micro-nutrient concentrations in one or both experiments, with the exception of decreasing concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn). Seed soaking consistently decreased fresh or dry shoot weight and nutrient concentrations when there was a significant effect.

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