scholarly journals Is Endogenous Ethylene Production Associated with Increased Shoot Number in Gentian Cultured In Vitro? Developing a Method for Ethylene Measurement at Nano Level within a Gas-exchangeable In Vitro System

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Marzieh Keshavarzi ◽  
Keith A. Funnell ◽  
David J. Woolley ◽  
Julian A. Heyes
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Ethylene Concentration ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene

We investigated the possibility of either exogenous ethylene or endogenous ethylene production having an association with the increase in shoot number when nodal explants of Gentiana spp. ‘Little Pinkie’ were cultured in an in vitro medium supplemented with ethephon (10 mg⋅L–1). For the first time within an in vitro system, we report the application of laser ethylene detector technology, and optimization of the methodology to quantify concentrations of ethylene (in the part-per-billion range) released from ethephon decomposition within the atmosphere of gas-exchangeable culture vessels including nodal explants. Compared with continuous (continuous measurements on the same replicate of vessels) and repeated (sampling same replicate of vessels every 48 hours) sampling methodologies, the nonrepeated (sampling fresh replicate of vessels every 48 hours) method of measurement of ethylene concentration was more representative of the actual condition within vessels. Although no prior published data exist showing the positive or negative effect of gaseous ethylene in the headspace of culture vessels on bud outgrowth in gentian, our study shows gaseous ethylene in the headspace of culture vessels was not effective in increasing shoot formation in gentian explants cultured in vitro, whereas ethephon supplementation in agar was effective. Plant material in culture vessels did not have a significant effect on ethylene production regardless of the presence or absence of ethephon. Therefore, although ethephon supplementation in the medium produced gaseous ethylene in the headspace, it was unlikely to cause endogenous ethylene production in explants, but it did trigger shoot formation in ‘Little Pinkie’, perhaps through decomposition to ethylene within the explant tissue, enhancing the internal ethylene level possibly at a locally high concentration.

scholarly journals In vitro Flowering of Shoots Regenerated from Cultured Nodal Explants

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kantamaht KANCHANAPOOM ◽  
Suttinee JINGJIT ◽  
Kamnoon KANCHANAPOOM
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
In Vitro Flowering ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Callus Growth ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Gypsophila Paniculata ◽  
Initial Culture

A protocol for the regeneration of Gypsophila paniculata L. using nodal explants from 2-month-old field grown plants was established. The induction of multiple shoots was best obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 13.3 μM BA. Callus growth was observed on MS medium containing 44.3 μM BA. Calluses were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D (4.5, 13.5, 22.6 μM), NAA (5.3, 16.1, 26.8 μM) or BA (4.4, 13.3, 22.1 μM) for 2 months to induce shoot formation. After 6 weeks of initial culture, multiple shoots were regenerated from calluses cultured on MS medium supplemented with 13.3 μM BA. All regenerated shoots produced roots on 16.1 μM NAA containing MS medium within 4 weeks. Rooted plantlets were hardened and established in pots at 100% survival. For induction of in vitro flowering, regenerated shoots could be induced to flower efficiently when cultured on MS medium containing 13.3 μM BA and 50 g/l sucrose.

scholarly journals Influence of High Concentrations of Copper Sulfate on In Vitro Adventitious Organogenesis of Cucumis sativus L.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Fonseca Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Shoot Induction Medium

AbstractThe effects of different concentrations of copper sulfate (0.2 to 5 mg L−1) on in vitro callus and shoot formation of cucumber was investigated. Four-day-old cotyledon explants from the inbred line ‘Wisconsin 2843’ and the commercial cultivars ‘Marketer’ and ‘Negrito’ were used. The results on callus-derived shoots showed that the optimal concentration of CuSO4 added to Murashige & Skoog (MS)-derived shoot induction medium containing 0.5 mg L−1 IAA and 2.5 mg L−1 BAP was 8-200 fold greater than in standard MS medium, and was genotype dependent. The highest genotypes response on shoot frequency and shoot number was achieved in this order by ‘Marketer’, ‘Negrito’ and ‘Wisconsin 2843’ with 1, 0.2 y 5 mg L−1 CuSO4, respectively. The genotype with the lowest control performance demanded the highest concentration of CuSO4 for its optimal morphogenic response - 6- and 10-fold more in shoot frequency and shoot number, respectively. The other cultivars registered a 2-fold increase in both variables. All explants formed callus and the response on callus extension varied among cultivars. The regression analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between shoot number and concentrations of CuSO4 and absence of association with callus extension. The present results indicate that application of specific concentrations of CuSO4 higher than in standard MS medium, increases adventitious cucumber shoot organogenesis.

scholarly journals In-Vitro Mass Propagation of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durga Dutt Shukla ◽  
Nabin Bhattarai ◽  
Bijaya Pant
Keyword(s):  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L.) Dunal] is an important medicinal plant and a major source of alkaloids and steroids (withanolids), which is regularly used in pharmaceutical industries. Various vegetative parts were studied for its mass propagation through tissue culture technique. Seeds were pretreated with GA3 (50 and 100 mgl-1) for 24 h and 80% germination was achieved. All the explants were taken from in-vitro germinated plant. Among the different explants tested, multiple shoot formation was achieved from shoot-tip and nodal explants in MS medium + 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mgl-1 kinetin. Nodal explants were selected for mass propagation protocol because it formed maximum number of shoots (16.25 shoots per explant) on MS medium + 1mgl-1 kinetin after eight weeks of culture. Increase in concentration of kinetin was most effective for callus formation. For further multiplication these shoots were sub-cultured on MS +0.5 mgl-1 kinetin. Presence of IAA at 0.5 mgl-1 was most effective medium for rooting of in-vitro propagated shoots. However, hardening was not achieved for these propagated plants. Key words: IAA; IBA; NAA; kinetin; in-vitro multiplication DOI: 10.3126/njst.v11i0.4131Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 11 (2010) 101-106

scholarly journals Sucrose and Cytokinin Interactions in Relation to Ethylene and Abscisic Acid Production in the Regulation of Morphogenesis in Pelargonium × hortorum L.H. Bailey In Vitro

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wojtania ◽  
Elżbieta Węgrzynowicz-Lesiak ◽  
Michał Dziurka ◽  
Piotr Waligórski
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Subculture Period ◽  
Ethylene Action

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the effect of exogenous sucrose and cytokinin on ethylene production and responsiveness in relation to the shoot formation of Pelargonium × hortorum ‘Bergpalais’ in vitro. Increasing the concentration of sucrose from 15 to 40 g L−1 in medium containing meta-topolin (mT) resulted in a two-fold decrease in the number of shoots and leaves as well as a reduction in ethylene production. The addition of ethylene synthesis inhibitor (AVG) to mT-medium significantly reduced the ethylene production and the shoot growth, but it had no significant influence on the shoot formation. The mT-induced shoot formation was, however, significantly reduced in the presence of ethylene action inhibitor (AgNO3), in a manner dependent on sucrose levels. At the end of the subculture period, increased sucrose concentrations (15–40 g L−1) in the presence of mT and AgNO3 resulted in a 3.7-fold increase in ethylene emission. At the same time, the supply of sucrose caused a 2.8-fold increase in the level of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA). Our results may suggest that the inhibitory effect of high sucrose concentration (30 and 40 g L−1) may depend on its influence on ethylene sensitivity. It also suggests that sucrose-regulation of the shoot formation of Pelargonium in vitro is mediated by ABA.

scholarly journals An efficient protocol for in vitro regeneration from the nodal explants of Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal: a valuable medicinal herb

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Pari DEHVARI-NAGAN ◽  
Hosein ABBASPOUR ◽  
Mohammad Hasan ASARE ◽  
Sara SAADATMAND
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Nodal Explant ◽  
Withania Coagulans ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant ◽  
Rooting Response

<p>In order to develop a protocol for the effective micropropagation of the important medicinal plant Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal, the effects of different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators on the nodal explants in two independent experiments were investigated. For shooting, a MS medium fortified with different concentrations and combinations of IBA (0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg l-1), BA (0.5, 1 and 2 mg l-1), Kin (0.5 and 1 mg l-1), PG (0.5 mg l-1) and GA (0.5 mg l-1) was used and the highest shooting response, shoot number and shoot length were obtained in the MS + IBA (0.01 mg l-1) + BA (0.5 mg l-1) + PG (0.5 mg l-1) + GA (0.5 mg l-1) treatment. In the second experiment, the effect of MS supplemented with different combinations and concentrations of IBA (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg l-1), NAA (0.1 and 1 mg l-1) and PG (1 mg l-1) on rooting of the nodal explants was investigated, which showed that the highest rooting response (%) was observed in the MS fortified with NAA (0.1 mg l-1), NAA (1 mg l-1), NAA (0.1 mg l-1) + PG (1 mg l-1), and NAA (1 mg l-1) + PG (1 mg l-1) treatments, as well as the highest number of roots at NAA (0.1 mg l-1) and the highest root length at IBA (1 mg l-1). Our findings highlight a complete micropropagation method for W. coagulans from the nodal explant that can make a significant contribution to the development of W. coagulans material for medical applications.</p>

scholarly journals 861 PB 540 In Vitro Adventitious Shoot Formation and Plant Regeneration from Culantro (Eryngium foetidium L.) Leaf

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 557a-557
Author(s):  
Yasseen Mohamed-Yasseen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Shoot Induction ◽  
Adventitious Shoot Formation ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Tropical America

Culantro is a perennial herb with odor like that of corinder, native to tropical America and the West Indies. Explants were excised from leaf petiole of mature culantro plant. Explants were cultured on MS alone or supplemented with 4.4, or 13.3 uM BA with 0.5 uM NAA, or supplemented with 0.3, 1.8, 4.5, or 3 uM Thidiazuron (TDZ) wth 0.5 uM NAA. leaf explants formed callus and were transferred to the same medium for shoot induction. Only explants which were cultured on MS supplemented with 13.3 uM BA or 0.9, l.8, 4.5, or 3 UM TDZ produced shoots. Shoots were regenerated in all TDZ-containing media with high 100% frequency. Shoot number increased with the increase of TDZ concentration but shoot length decreased. Although cytokinins are reported to inhibit root initiation, regenerated shoots formed roots with 100% frequency in BA-and TDZ-containing media. Regenerated shoots were transferred to MS containing 3.9 UM TDZ for further growth. Rooted shoots were transferred to soil and normal plants were obtained.

scholarly journals In vitro shoot regeneration of Stereospermum suaveolens DC. using cotyledonary node and nodal explants

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darshini R Trivedi ◽  
Aruna G Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Cotyledonary Node ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Proliferation Response ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Regeneration

The cotyledonary node and nodal explants Stereospermum suaveolens DC. were cultured on Woody Plant medium (WPM) supplemented with individual BAP 2?25 ?M), Kn (2?25 ?M) and TDZ (0.1?2 ?M. Observations revealed that in both cotyledonary node and nodal explants, lower concentrations of cytokinins (BAP/Kn/TDZ) were effective in inducing proliferation response. The axillary bud of both the explants proliferated into single shoots which were further subcultured on fresh medium with respective concentrations for shoot multiplication. It was observed that multiple shoots developed only in presence of Kn (8 ?M) in both the explants but the shoots developed from nodal explants were strong and healthy with average shoot number reaching to 3.8 ± 0.6 and length 5.4 ± 0.4 cm by the end of third passage. Rooting (100%) was achieved in microshoots when transferred to half strength WPM liquid medium supplemented with IBA (2 ?M). The plantlets were transferred to different substrates for acclimatization.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(2): 235-246, 2014 (December

scholarly journals In vitro Propagation of the Biodiesel Plant Jatropha curcas L.

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kalimuthu ◽  
S. Paulsamy ◽  
R. Senthilkumar ◽  
M. Sathya
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Green Cotyledon ◽  
Commercial Medium ◽  
Organic Compost

The biodiesel plant, Jatropha curcas L. was micropropagated using nodal explants on MS supplemented with BAP (1.5 mg/l), Kn (0.5 mg/l) and IAA (0.1 mg/l). Somatic embryos were induced directly from green cotyledon explants on MS fortified with 2 mg/l of BAP. The results of histological studies showed that several layers of meristematic cells participated in the formation of somatic embryos. Rooting was effectively achieved on MS supplemented with IAA at 1.0 mg/l. The subsequent hardening experiment showed that the commercial medium containing a mixture of decomposed coir waste, perlite and organic compost in the ratio of 1:1:1 by volume was most effective, 80% plantlets survived. Key words: Jatropha curcas, Nodal explants, Cotyledons, Somatic Embryos, Multiple shoot formation D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v17i2.3234 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 17(2): 137-147, 2007 (December)

scholarly journals Determination of the Effect of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (MgO-NP) on in Vitro Culture of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia KOÇAK ◽  
Melih OKCU ◽  
Kamil Haliloglu ◽  
Azize Alayli ◽  
Hayrunnisa Nadaroglu
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Mgo Nanoparticles ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract This study was carried out to determine the effect of different doses of MgO nanoparticles (MgO-NP's) on in vitro regeneration of cowpea. MgO NPs used in the study were synthesized using walnut shell extract by green synthesis method. MgO nanoparticles with 35-40 nm size were used in this research. In the study, the effect of different doses of MgO NP applied to cowpea plant on all in vitro parameters was found to be significant. Considering the parameters examined, the best results in morphogenesis were 185 mg/L, 370 mg/L and 555 mg/L MgO-NPs applications, the highest shoot formation rate was obtained 82.50% with 555 mg/L(MgO-NPs) and 72.50% with 370 mg/L (MgO-NPs). The highest mean values of shoot number, shoot number per explant and shoot length were observed in the application of 370 mg/L MgO-NPs with 61.25, 17.50, and 2.075 (unit) respectively. The best root formation rate was obtained from control and 370 mg/L MgO application at a rate of 27.50%. The highest values were 6.75 (pieces) and 370 mg/L MgO-NPs in the number of roots per explant, 555 mg/L MgO-NPs with 10% in callus formation, and 1.575 (cm) and 370 mg/L MgO-NPs in root length. When all the examined parameters were evaluated, it was determined that the application of 370 mg/L MgO-NPs gave the best results in terms of in vitro parameters.

scholarly journals Efficient in vitro culture protocols for propagating Phalaenopsis ‘Cool Breeze’

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kh Balilashaki ◽  
R Naderi ◽  
S Kalantari ◽  
M Vahedi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Plantlet Regeneration ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Flower Stalk ◽  
Regenerated Plants

Phalaenopsis orchids have high economic value in the floriculture industry as cut flowers and potted plants throughout the world. Plant tissue culture technology is being widely used for large scale plant multiplication of Phalaenopsis to feed into this industry. In order to increase the efficiency of this technology, four experiments were undertaken: Plantlet regeneration from seeds, nodes or leaves, and hardening of the regenerated plants. In the first experiment, seed germination was examined in three media (half MS, Chen and Vacin?Went) of which the Chen medium had the best result (83.4%) in comparison to the other two media. In the second experiment, nodes on the flower stalk were studied for their shoot formation potential to different concentrations of BA and NAA, The highest frequency of shoot regeneration was achieved on MS containing 4 mg/l BA and 1 mg/l NAA while in vitro derived leaves formed clusters of somatic embryos directly when cultured on MS containing TDZ at different concentrations (0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mg/l). The embryos turned green and developed into protocorm?like bodies after 7 weeks of culture followed by plantlet regeneration. The highest plantlet regeneration from the leaf?derived embryos was obtained from MS supplemented with 3 mg/l TDZ. Finally, regenerated plants from (seeds, nodal explants and leaves) were compared in two medium for hardening, regenerated plant from nodal explants showed the highest survival rate (100%) on the medium containing cocopeat, coal, industrial cartridge and the bites of yonolit (1 : 1 : 2 : 4).Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(2): 191-203, 2014 (December)

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