scholarly journals Early Growth Characteristics of Seven Grafted Varieties and Non-Grafted Seedling Pawpaw

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Bratsch ◽  
Robert Bellm ◽  
Don Kniepkamp
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Variety Trial ◽  
Asimina Triloba ◽  
Four Seasons

Following spring planting in 1998, and for four seasons (1998-2001), early growth and development were characterized for seven grafted [PawPaw Foundation (PPF), Frankfort, Ky.) pawpaw Regional variety trial (PRVT) rootstock] pawpaw (Asimina triloba) varieties, `Davis', `Taylor', `Rebecca's Gold', `Sunfl ower', `Overleese', `Prolific', `Wells', and one nongrafted seedling strain. Survival rate after four seasons was 96.5% for grafted trees and 100% for seedling trees. Entries exhibited significant differences in total height, trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), average shoot length, first winter cold injury and percent bloom. By the end of 2000, seedling tree height and TCSA were greater as compared to the named varieties. Seedling height averaged 134 cm (52.8 inches), with a TCSA of 4.54 cm2 (0.704 inch2), while the least vigorous variety (Davis) had an average height of 77 cm (30.3 inches) and a TCSA of 1.54 cm2 (0.239 inch2). Average shoot length was significant only in the year of planting, ranging from 39.3 cm (15.47 inches) for `Davis', to 61.3 cm (24.13 inches) for `Sunfl ower'. Tip dieback occurred in the winter following planting on all varieties; this damage ranged from 23.3% (`Taylor') to 73.4% (`Overleese'). In 1999, lower axillary shoots (LSL) breaking below the damaged tips grew longer [31.1 to 50.6 cm (12.24 to 19.92 inches)] than upper distal axillary shoots (DASL) [15.8 to 44.6 cm (6.22 to 17.56 inches)], indicating a lack of apical dominance and vigor of emerging top buds. All named varieties developed fl ower buds by the spring of the fourth season, with budding ranging from an average of 0.5 buds/tree (`Rebeccas Gold') to 6.0 buds/tree (`Prolific'). Viability of these buds as determined by successful anthesis ranged from 0.4% (`Davis') to 63.8% (`Wells'). No fruit were set from these flowers.

scholarly journals The Effects of Four Clonal Rootstocks on Growth Indices, Yield, Fruit Quality, and Quantity of `Golden Smoothee' Apple in Iran's Climate Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 798A-798
Author(s):  
Alireza Talaie* ◽  
Ali Gharaghani ◽  
Mohammad Ali Asgari
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Fruit Abscission

In this research the effect of four clonal rootstocks (B9, M9, M26, and MM106) on growth characteristics, flowering and fruiting, and fruit quality and quantity of `Golden Smoothee' apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) were studied during 2001 and 2003. Trees were 8 years old at the beginning of study. Experiments were planned in randomized complete-block design with four treatments (four rootstocks) and four replications. Rootstocks had significant effects on all growth characteristics. The highest tree height, shoot growth, and tree cross-sectional area were found on MM106; with B9 was the least and M9 and M26 were intermediate. The effect of year, and interaction of year on rootstocks were nonsignificant. Rootstock has highly affected flowering and fruiting characteristics. The highest flowering efficiency related to M9 and B9. The highest primary and secondary fruit set and fruit set efficiency found with M9 and M26. The highest preharvest fruit abscission observed with M26. The M9 had the least preharvest fruit abscission. Yield of M9 was the highest and B9 was the least. The M9 has the most yield efficiency and MM106 had the least. Effect of year was significant in many characteristics related to flowering and fruiting. Generally, trees had better conditions in first year. Among fruit quantitative treatments, rootstock only affected fruit weight significantly. Fruit harvested from B9 had the least weight and other rootstocks had similar fruit weight. Generally rootstock had no noticeable effect on fruit quantity and quality.

scholarly journals Yield and Fruiting Characteristics of 28 Selections in the Kentucky Pawpaw Cultivar Trial

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 851A-851
Author(s):  
Kirk W. Pomper* ◽  
Joseph G. Masabni ◽  
Desmond R. Layne ◽  
Sheri B. Crabtree ◽  
R. Neal Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Effort ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Variety Trial ◽  
Asimina Triloba ◽  
Tree Survival

The pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] has great potential as a new fruit crop. A pawpaw variety trial was established in Fall 1995 in Princeton, Ky. as a joint Kentucky State Univ.-Univ. of Kentucky research effort with the objective to identify superior varieties for Kentucky. A randomized block experimental design was used with 8 replicates of 28 grafted scion selections on seedling rootstock. Cultivars being tested included Middletown, Mitchell, NC-1, Overleese, PA-Golden, Rappahannock, Shenandoah, Sunflower, Susquehanna, Taylor, Tay-two, Wells, and Wilson. The other 15 clones were selections from the PawPaw Foundation. In 2002 and 2003, the following parameters were examined: tree survival, trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), average fruit weight, total fruit harvested per tree, average fruit per cluster, total yield per tree, and yield efficiency. In 2003, 54% of the trees had survived, with `Susquehanna' (13%) showing the poorest survival. Based on TCSA, most selections displayed excellent vigor, with the exception of the selections: 5-5 and `Overleese'. Average fruit weight was greatest in 1-7-2 (194 g), 1-68 (167g), 4-2 (321 g), 5-5 (225 g), 7-90 (166g), 9-58 (176 g), 10-35 (167 g), NC-1 (180 g), `Sunflower' (204 g), and `Shenandoah' (168g), with the smallest fruit in `Middletown' (70 g), `Wells' (78 g), and `Wilson' (88 g). The selections `Wilson' (81), `Middletown' (75), and `Wells' (70) had the greatest average number of fruit per tree, whereas 4-2 (9), 5-5 (17) and 8-20 (15) the fewest. Yield efficiency and average fruit per cluster also varied greatly among selections. Several pawpaw selections in the trial show promise for production in Kentucky.

TRIPLOID APPLE VARIETIES OF SUMMER RIPENING SELECTION VNIISPK ON CLONAL ROOTSTOCK 54-118

1970 ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
А. M. Galasheva ◽  
Е. N. Sedov
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Crown Volume ◽  
The World ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Crown Projection Area ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time

For the first time in the world and in Russia, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, breeder Evgeny Nikolaevich Sedov created a series of triploid apple cultivars from intervalent crosses 2х × 4х. Triploid apple cultivars bear fruit more regularly, have higher self-fruitfulness and have fruits of high marketability. The article presents data on the study of triploid apple cultivars of the summer ripening period of the VNIISPK breeding - Augusta, Daryona, Maslovskoye, Osipovskoye, Zhilinskoye, Spasskoye and Yablochny Spas as well as the control Canadian cultivar Melba on a semi-dwarf clone rootstock 54-118. Maslovskoye, Zhilinskoye, Spasskoye and Yablochny Spas have immunity to scab. The orchard was planted in 2014, the garden planting scheme was 5 x 2 m. The indicators of the growth force (tree height, crown width and stem diameter) and the yield of trees were studied. At the age of six, the trees of triploid cultivars reached a height of 2.2 m (Maslovskoye) to 3.0 m (Yablochny Spas) on a semi-dwarf rootstock 54-118. The highest indicators of crown volume (3.3-5.3 m3), crown projection area (4.2-5.3 m2) and the cross-sectional area of the stem (46.5-52.8 cm2) were in Osipovskoye, Yablochny Spas, Zhilinskoye and Spasskoye. The highest yield in an average of three years was given by triploid scab-immune apple cultivars on a semi-dwarf rootstock 54-118: Maslovskoye, Zhilinskoye, Spasskoye and Yablochny Spas.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF Cyperus rotundus L. EXTRACTS ON GERMINATION AND COWPEA SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
João Alves Ferreira Pereira ◽  
Tatiana Maria da Silva ◽  
Andreza Raquel Barbosa de Farias ◽  
Alexandre Bosco de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

POTENCIAL ALELOPÁTICO DE EXTRATOS DE Cyperus rotundus L. NA GERMINAÇÃO E ESTABELECIMENTO DE PLÂNTULAS DE FEIJÃO-CAUPI Este trabalho investigou os efeitos alelopáticos de extratos de Cyperus rotundus L. na germinação de sementes e crescimento inicial das plântulas de Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. Extratos alcoólicos nas concentrações 0; 1,5%; 3,0%; 4,5%; 6,0%; 7,5% e 9,0%, obtidos a partir da trituração de folhas de C. rotundus L. foram utilizados para umedecimento das folhas de papel toalha “germitest”. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância pelo F e as médias comparadas pelos testes de Tukey e Kruscal-Wallis, ambos a 5% de probabilidade. A primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento de raiz, comprimento da parte aérea e massa seca da raiz do feijão-caupi foram analisados de forma paramétrica, sendo constatado que apenas houve significância na variável primeira contagem e uma redução na germinação em relação ao tratamento controle em torno de 10%. Nas condições em que essa pesquisa foi realizada, os extratos alcoólicos de C. rotundus L. não afetam a germinação de sementes e crescimento inicial das plântulas de feijão-caupi.Palavras-chave: tiririca, alelopatia, interferência, plantas daninhas. ABSTRACT:This study aimed to investigate the allelopathic effects of Cyperus rotundus L. extracts on seed germination and early development of seedlings of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. Alcoholic extracts at concentrations of 0, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, 6.0%, 7.5%, and 9.0% were obtained by crushing C. rotundus L. leaves used to moisten the “germitest” paper sheets. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and also both Tukey and Kruscal-Wallis tests were carried out at 5% for the data means. The first germination count, germination speed index, root length, shoot length, and dry root weight of cowpea were parametrically analyzed. The only variable with significance was first germination count. The germination reducted in relation to the control treatment around 10%. Thus, in the conditions used in this research, alcoholic extracts of C. rotundus L. did not affect either seed germination or early growth of cowpea seedlings.Keywords: nut grass, allelopathy, interference, weeds. DOI:

scholarly journals Difference in height of maxillary alveolar ridge on edentulous women and dentate women using panoramic radiography

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1243-1248
Author(s):  
Cek Dara Manja ◽  
Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Panoramic Radiography ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Mechanical Stimulus ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Alveolar Ridge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

The height of the maxillary alveolar ridge can be measured using panoramic radiography. The decline occurred because the height of the alveolar ridge undergoes slow physiological resorption due to the absence of mechanical stimulus. The purpose of this research is to know the difference and the average height of the maxillary alveolar ridge in edentulous and dentate women using panoramic radiography. This study is an analytical method with a cross-sectional approach. A total sample of 40 women, edentulous and dentate has been measured. Measurements were made by measuring the distance between the lowest point of the infraorbital ridge and alveolar crest maxilla on the incisor point, right and left premolar, right and left molar. A statistical test is done using independent t-test. The results showed that the average value of a dentate women sample is greater than edentulous. The average value obtained by the dentate sample is greatest in incisor point by 37,57mm± 3,34mm and the smallest at the right molar point by 33,87mm ± 2,81mm. The average value obtained by the edentulous sample is greatest in incisor point by 35,30mm ± 2,79mm and the smallest at the right molar point by 31,84mm ± 3,85mm. It can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the height of the maxillary alveolar ridge on an edentulous sample and dentate, except the right molar teeth. The average height of the maxillary alveolar ridge in an edentulous sample is 33,35mm ± 3,43mm, and the dentate sample is 35,66mm ± 3,21mm.

Great longevity of speckled hind (Epinephelus drummondhayi), a deep-water grouper, with novel use of postbomb radiocarbon dating in the Gulf of Mexico

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1131-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen H. Andrews ◽  
Beverly K. Barnett ◽  
Robert J. Allman ◽  
Ryan P. Moyer ◽  
Hannah D. Trowbridge
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Bomb Radiocarbon ◽  
Growth Zones ◽  
Age Estimates

Growth characteristics are poorly understood for speckled hind (Epinephelus drummondhayi), a tropical deep-water grouper of economic importance that is considered overfished. Age has been validated for early growth, but the validity of adult age estimates is unknown. A few studies of growth zones in otoliths have revealed maximum age estimates of 15–35 years, which have been uncritically assumed as longevity. To answer questions about adult age, bomb radiocarbon dating was used to provide validated age estimates. A novel aspect of this study was use of the postbomb radiocarbon decline period (ca. 1980–2004) to age younger fish, an approach that was validated with known-age otoliths. Bomb radiocarbon dating provided valid length-at-age estimates ranging from ∼5 years to more than 45 years. Age was unexpectedly greater than previous estimates for more than half the fish used in this study, and longevity may approach 60–80 years. This study extends the utility of bomb radiocarbon dating by more than 20 years and adds to the growing perspective that deep-water tropical fishes can be long-lived.

scholarly journals Early growth characteristics and the risk of reduced lung function and asthma: A meta-analysis of 25,000 children

2016 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 1026-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman T. den Dekker ◽  
Agnes M.M. Sonnenschein-van der Voort ◽  
Johan C. de Jongste ◽  
Isabella Anessi-Maesano ◽  
S. Hasan Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Characteristics

Sewage Sludge Increases Early Growth and Decreases Fusiform Rust Infection of Nursery-Run and Rust-Resistant Loblolly Pine

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas M. Stone ◽  
Harry R. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
First Year ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Rust Infection

Abstract An intensively prepared site in a high-rust hazard area was fertilized with municipal sewage sludge to provide 300 or 600 lb/ac total nitrogen before planting nursery-run and fusiform rust-resistant seedlings. Rust-resistant seedlings had significantly greater first-year survival andsignificantly lower rust infection at age 6. The sludge treatments increased 6-year diameter and volume growth and decreased rust infection significantly; there were no differences between the two sludge levels. Sludge fertilization significantly increased average height, diameter, and stemvolume of the largest 300 trees/ac and has begun to stimulate crown class differentiation. The greater growth of the larger trees did not alter the proportion infected by rust. Results indicate that even in areas of high-rust hazard, intensive site preparation and sludge fertilization canincrease early growth and accelerate stand development of loblolly pine if rust-resistant stock is planted. South J. Appl. For. 13(2):68-71.

scholarly journals Height-Diameter Equations for Thirteen Midwestern Bottomland Hardwood Species

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Colbert ◽  
David R. Larsen ◽  
James R. Lootens
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Bottomland Hardwood ◽  
Bottomland Hardwood Forests ◽  
Des Moines ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Riparian Tree ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Total Tree

Abstract Height-diameter equations are often used to predict the mean total tree height for trees when only diameter at breast height (dbh) is measured. Measuring dbh is much easier and is subject to less measurement error than total tree height. However, predicted heights only reflect the average height for trees of a particular diameter. In this study, we present a set of height-diameter equations for 13 riparian tree species using data obtained from bottomland hardwood forests along the Mississippi, Missouri, Illinois, and Des Moines rivers. Nonlinear regression techniques were used to develop the equations. The resulting equations provide a reasonable means of predicting unknown tree heights, given dbh, for these species.

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