scholarly journals Effects of Preplant Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilizer Sources on Strawberry

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bielinski M. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Field studies were conducted to determine effects of preplant nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) sources on ‘Strawberry Festival’ strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) growth and yield. Six treatments resulted from the preplant application of ammonium nitrate [AN (34% N)], ammonium sulfate [AS (21% N and 24% S)], ammonium sulfate nitrate [ASN (26% N and 14% S)], polymer-coated AS [PCAS (20% N and 23% S)], and elemental S (90% S). A nontreated control was added. The N was fixed at 50 lb/acre for AN, AS, ASN, and PCAS, which resulted in S rates of 0, 57, 27, and 57 lb/acre, respectively. The S rate of the elemental S treatment was set at 57 lb/acre. For early fruit number, the highest values were found in plots treated with AS and elemental S, while the highest total fruit numbers were obtained in plots treated with AS, ASN, PCAS, and elemental S. There was no difference in total fruit numbers between the nontreated control and AN. Plots treated with elemental S, PCAS, ASN, and AS had the highest early marketable fruit weights, whereas the lowest early marketable fruit weight was found in the nontreated plots. In comparison with the nontreated control plots, all the preplant fertilization programs improved early marketable fruit weight, with AN, AS, ASN, PCAS, and elemental S. Total marketable fruit weights were maximized in plots treated with preplant AS, ASN, PCAS, or elemental S. There was no difference between the total fruit weights obtained in the control and AN-treated plots. The data indicated that the strawberry total yield increases can be attributed to the use of preplant fertilizer sources containing S. This research may lead to a more appropriate use of N for strawberry production in Florida, minimizing the nitrate-leaching potential in high sandy soils by eliminating N sources from preplant fertilization programs.

scholarly journals Influence of Shoot Pruning on Bacterial Spot Infestation on Tomato Cultivars

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 847-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E. Vallad ◽  
Bielinski M. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Xanthomonas Perforans ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Plot Design

Field studies were conducted in Florida to determine the effect of early shoot pruning on the severity of bacterial spot, and on the growth and yield of different tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars. Two tomato cultivars, two inoculation regimes of bacterial spot pathogen (Xanthomonas perforans), and three shoot pruning programs were arranged in a split-split plot design. The tomato cultivars were Tygress and Security-28; shoot pruning included none, light, and heavy; and X. perforans treatments consisted of non-inoculated plots and plots inoculated with a suspension of the pathogen. Tomato plant height was not influenced by any of the three factors or their interactions, whereas the disease severity was higher in inoculated plots versus non-inoculated plants. Early extra-large fruit weight was affected by tomato cultivars and the inoculation with the bacterial spot pathogen, but not by pruning programs or the interaction among factors. Tomato plants inoculated with X. perforans reduced their extra-large fruit weight by 31% in comparison with non-inoculated plants. There were no differences on early marketable fruit weight among the combinations of each cultivar and the three pruning programs. All three factors individually influenced the seasonal marketable fruit weight of tomato, with no difference between light-pruned plants and the non-pruned control for seasonal marketable fruit weight, regardless of tomato cultivars. However, heavy pruning did reduce seasonal yields by 10% in comparison with the non-pruned control. These results indicated that light shoot pruning, which is the standard grower practice in Florida, did not improve bacterial spot control or tomato yields of total and extra-large marketable fruit, which might save up to $50/acre in reduced labor costs for Florida tomato growers.

Effects of Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) on Growth, Yield, and Nutrient Status of Transplanted Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik ◽  
Krishna N. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Field studies were conducted to determine the effects of various barnyardgrass populations on growth, yield, and nutrient concentration of transplanted “Jetstar’ tomato. Barnyardgrass densities at 16, 32, and 64 plants/m tomato row were tested in 1982 and 1983. Barnyardgrass shoot fresh weights/unit area increased as density increased. Fresh weight of barnyardgrass shoots ranged from 17 100 kg/ha at 16 plants/m of row to 35 500 kg/ha at 64 plants/m of row. At the vegetative stage, tomato shoot dry weight was unaffected by barnyardgrass. As crop growth progressed, tomato shoot dry weight decreased at all barnyardgrass densities. Season-long interference of barnyardgrass reduced marketable tomato fruit number and fruit weight at all densities compared to weed-free plots. Reductions in marketable fruit weight ranged from 26% to 16 plants/m row to 84% at 64 plants/m row. In 1982, concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in tomato shoots were unaffected by season-long interference of barnyardgrass at all densities. However, in 1983, concentrations of N and K decreased and concentration of P increased in tomato leaves as the density of barnyardgrass increased. Concentrations of Ca and Mg in tomato leaves were unaltered by barnyardgrass density.

Effects of Postemergence and Postemergence-Directed Halosulfuron on Triploid Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus)

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Dittmar ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽  
Katherine M. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Crop Plant ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Triploid Watermelon ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Studies were conducted in 2006 at Clinton and Kinston, NC, to determine the influence of halosulfuron POST (over the crop plant) or POST-directed (to the crop) on growth and yield of transplanted ‘Precious Petite’ and ‘Tri-X-313’ triploid watermelon. Treatments included a nontreated control, 39 g/ha halosulfuron applied POST-directed to 25% of the plant (distal or proximal region), POST-directed to 50% of the plant (distal or proximal; Precious Petite only), and POST. Watermelon treated with halosulfuron displayed chlorotic leaves, shortened internodes, and increased stem splitting. Vines were longest in the nontreated control (Tri-X-313 = 146 cm, Precious Petite = 206 cm) but were shortest in the POST treatment (Tri-X-313 = 88 cm, Precious Petite = 77 cm). Halosulfuron POST to watermelon caused the greatest injury (Tri-X-313 = 64%, Precious Petite = 67%). Halosulfuron directed to 25 or 50% (distal or proximal) of the plant caused less injury than halosulfuron applied POST. Stem splitting was greatest when halosulfuron was applied to the proximal area of the stem compared with POST-directed distal or POST. Internode shortening was greatest in treatments where halosulfuron was applied to the distal region of the stem. However, Tri-X-313 in the POST-directed 25% distal treatment produced similar total and marketable fruit weight as the nontreated control at Clinton. Fruit number did not differ among treatments for either cultivar. At Kinston, Precious Petite nontreated control and POST-directed 25% distal end treatment had greater marketable fruit weight than the POST-directed 50% proximal and POST treatments. The current halosulfuron registration allows POST application between rows or PRE. Limiting halosulfuron contact to no more than 25% of the watermelon plant will likely improve crop tolerance.

scholarly journals Response of Vermicompost and Biochar as Organic Soil Amendments on Growth and Yield of Brinjal in Red and Laterite Soil of Purulia District of West Bengal

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
B. Mahato ◽  
Chinanshuk Ghosh ◽  
F. H. Rahman ◽  
P. Biswas ◽  
D. C. Mahato
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Organic Soil Amendments ◽  
Purulia District

A field experiment was conducted at KVK Kalyan instructional farm at Jahajpur of Purulia district of West Bengal during rabi season of 2018-19 to assess the effect of Biochar and Vermicompost as organic soil amendments on yield of brinjal under red and lateritic soils of Purulia, West Bengal. Biochar and vermicompost applied alone additionally in the farmers practice. The experiment design adopted was Randomised Block Design (RBD) having four replications with three treatments The treatments comprises of T1: Application of N:P:K  70:30:30 kg/ha (Farmers’ practice) + FYM @ 2 t/ha, T2: Farmers practice  + Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha, T3: Farmers practice  + Biochar @ 10 t/ha. The growth and yield attributing characters recorded was plant height at 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAT, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, yield per plant and total yield. Application of biochar and vermicompost had a significant effect on the growth and yield of Brinjal. Highest growth yield attributes and highest fruit yield (22.36 t/ha) were obtained due to the application of farmers practice + vermicompost @ 5 t/ha (T2). Application of biochar along with farmers’ practice did not show any significant results in brinjal yield as compare to vermicompost application treatment. The potential for long-term benefits of biochar remain to be explored through continued research in the red laterite soils of Purulia district of West Bengal.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF BIO-AND MINERAL NITROGEN FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SNAP BEAN GROWN IN SUBSTRATE CULTURE.

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. A. Emam, Z. El-S Lacheene, M. A. Medany, U. A. El-Beha
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

This study was conducted under unheated plastic house condition at Arid Land services and Research Center (ALARC), Faculty of agriculture - Ain Shams University, Egypt, during two successive autumn seasons 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 ability of use to investigate the Rhizobium inoculation as bio-fertilizer to reduce the use of mineral nitrogen fertilizers in the substrate culture and its effect on the growth and yield of Snap bean (phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Goya Four different mineral nitrogen rates (25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of 200 ppm) with Rhizobium inoculation compared to 100% mineral N without inoculation also two different types of substrate systems (containers and pots) were in this investigation. The experimental design was split plot with three replicates. Vegetative growth, plant height, chlorophyll reading (spad), total leaves area, early and total yield, chemical analysis of pods, total soluble solids (T.S.S.%), total protein, total nitrogen content, number of nodules and nitrogenase activity were measured.    Data showed that container system had a significant effect on vegetative growth parameters (plant height, chlorophyll reading (spad), and total leave area), and fruit weight (early and total fruit weight). Chemical properties of pods, number of nodules and nitrogenase activity compared to pots system. Control treatment (100% N without inoculation) and (100% N with inoculation) recorded the highest vegetative growth, early and total yield, T.S.S.(%), pod protein and total nitrogen content followed by 50 % N with Rhizobium inoculations. Moreover, data showed that 50% N gave the highest number of nodules and nitrogenase activity. Data showed that there were no significant among controls, 100%, 75% and 50% N combined with container and 100% N combined with pots followed by control combined with pots. Increase nitrogen rates led to increase the values of plant height, chlorophyll reading (spad), early yield and total yield.

scholarly journals Fertilizer Substitutions in Hydroponically Grown Greenhouse Tomatoes

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Papadopoulos ◽  
S. Pararajasingham ◽  
X. Hao
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Crop Growth Stage

Experiments were carried out to evaluate two salts, K2SO4 and NaCl, as materials to supplement the electrical conductivity (EC) of the basic nutrient solution in nutrient film technique (NFT). The effects of these materials on the growth, yield and fruit quality of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown by NFT were quantified. These effects were tested by increasing the recirculating solution EC from a base value of 1500 μS·cm-1 to that suitable for the crop growth stage with normal feed (macronutrients), 0.38 m (0.53 lb/gal) K2SO4 or 1.14 m (0.55 lb/gal) NaCl, at a common pH of 6.2. In 1995 and 1996, there were no significant effects of the treatments on crop growth. In 1995, the early marketable yield was significantly lower when K2SO4 was used but the yield at the end of the season did not differ among the treatments. Furthermore, with K2SO4, the proportion of grade #1 fruit in early total yield was lower than in the control, while, fruit biomass content was higher than in the NaCl treatment. In 1996, the cumulative marketable fruit weight was unaffected by the treatments. A trend toward high number of large grade fruit occurred with the NaCl treatment. The pH and EC of the fruit homogenate were favorably affected by the NaCl treatment. Adding K2SO4 or NaCl in partial substitution of macronutrients in the recirculating solution may have a role in NFT systems in not only reducing environmental pollution (from nitrates and phosphates) and fertilizer costs, but also in improving fruit quality and, therefore, profit margins.

scholarly journals Effects of salicylic and benzoic acid on yield and yield components of moisture stressed tomato (solanum lycopersicun l.) at Kadawa Sudan Savannah

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
H.M. Isa ◽  
A.A. Manga
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Salicylic acid and Benzoic acids are antitranpirants usually used to reduce the rate of moisture loss and increase productivity of irrigated crops. To test antitranspiracy of Salicylic and Benzoic acids, field experiments were conducted during the two successive dry Seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 at the Agricultural Research Station Farm, Kadawa (11̊ 38ʹ 40.3ʺ N,8̊ 25ʹ3.9ʺ E) 498m elevation above sea level. The aim was to study the effects of antitranspirants and moisture stress on crop growth and development stages of tomato. The treatments consisted of two antitranspirants at four different concentrations of 0, 200, 400 and 600 ppm, and three moisture stress stages, vegetative, flowering and fruit setting. Antitranspirants and moisture stresses were assigned to the main plot and concentrations were used as sub–plot treatment. These were replicated three times and laid out in a split-plot design. The gross plot size was 3.6m x 3.0m (10.8m2) consisting of 6 rows of 3m length, while the net plot size was 1.2m 1.8m (2.16 m2) consisting of 2 inner most rows. Data were taken on tomato growth and yield attributes. Data generated were analysed using statistical analytics software (SAS). The results of the study revealed that application of both Antitranspirants enhanced growth and yield components such as fruit diameter, number of fruits plant1, average fruit weight, marketable fruit yield and total fruit yield of tomato. Significant interactions between and among the factors were also recorded for fruit diameter, number of fruits plant-1 marketable fruit yield and the total fruit yield. Application of 200 and 400 ppm of of Salicylic acid at fruit setting produced the highest total fruit yield (6.66 tha-1) which was statistically similar to 600 ppm of Benzoic (6.10 t ha-1) at flowering while the control had the lowest. Total fruit yield was positively and significantly correlated with number of fruit plant-1 and average fruit weight. Number of fruits plant-1 was found to have the highest direct contribution to the yield. Flowering and fruiting stages were found to be the critical growth stages for moisture stress of tomato. Foliar application of 400 ppm of Salicylic acid at fruit setting stage appeared to promote tomato yield in the study area.

scholarly journals Growth and yield performance of hybrid tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) lines at Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-189
Author(s):  
Suraj Gurung ◽  
Prabin Adhikari ◽  
Kushal Giri ◽  
Tek Prasad Gotame ◽  
Surendra Lal Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Hybrid Variety ◽  
Marketable Fruit

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of hybrid tomato lines on growth and yield performance at Regional Agriculture research Station (RARS), Parwanipur, Nepal during end of September, 2018 to April, 2019. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seven hybrid tomato lines as treatments and three replications. The tested lines included Srijana and Dalila as check varieties and other lines, developed by crossing HRA and HRD lines which showed better performance under late blight conditions. HRA 20× HRD 1 showed significantly higher plant height (110.67 cm) which was statistically at par with genotype HRA 14× HRD 7. The highest number of fruits per plant (69) was recorded from Srijana whereas the lowest number of fruits per plant (37) was recorded from cv. HRA20 × HRD1. The fruit yield of the lines ranged from 50.54 t/ha to 32.2 t/ha with Srijana having the highest yield and HRA 20× HRD 1 as the lowest. Similar results were shown regarding the marketable fruit yield. However, the highest individual fruit weight (34.67g) was recorded in HRA 14× HRD 7 and the least fruit weight was recorded in Srijana (24.22 g). Results showed that the maximum TSS (5.53 0Brix) was recorded from Dalila which was similar as Srijana. Hence, the overall performance of Srijana was recorded superior regarding both quantitative and qualitative suggesting Srijana as the recommended variety in the given domain. Here authors concluded that Srijana is still a comparatively better hybrid variety in Nepal. 

Effect of Bicyclopyrone on Triploid Watermelon in Plasticulture

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew B. Bertucci ◽  
Katherine M. Jennings ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Triploid Watermelon ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

AbstractField studies were conducted to determine watermelon tolerance and yield response when treated with bicyclopyrone preplant (PREPLANT), POST, and POST-directed (POST-DIR). Treatments consisted of two rates of bicyclopyrone (37.5 and 50 g ai ha–1), fomesafen (175 g ai ha–1), S-metolachlor (802 g ai ha–1), and a nontreated check. Preplant treatments were applied to formed beds 1 d prior to transplanting and included bicyclopyrone (37.5 and 50 g ha–1) and fomesafen (175 g ha–1), and new polyethylene mulch was subsequently laid above treated beds. POST and POST-DIR treatments were applied 14 ± 1 d after watermelon transplanting and included bicyclopyrone (37.5 and 50 g ha–1) POST and POST-DIR, and S-metolachlor (802 g ai ha–1) POST-DIR. POST-DIR treatments were applied to row middles, ensuring that no herbicide contacted watermelon vines or polyethylene mulch. At 2 wk after transplanting (WAT), 15% foliar bleaching was observed in watermelon treated with bicyclopyrone (50 g ha–1) PRE. At 3 WAT, bicyclopyrone (37.5 and 50 g ha–1) POST caused 16% and 17% foliar bleaching and 8% and 9% crop stunting, respectively. At 4 WAT, initial injury had subsided and bicyclopyrone (37.5 and 50 g ha–1) POST caused 4% and 4% foliar bleaching and 4% and 8% crop stunting, respectively. No symptoms of bleaching or stunting were observed at 6- and 8-WAT ratings. Watermelon total yield, marketable yield, total fruit number, marketable fruit number, and average fruit size were unaffected by herbicide treatments. Therefore, registration of bicyclopyrone (37.5 and 50 g ha–1) PREPLANT, POST, and POST-DIR would offer watermelon producers a safe herbicide option and a novel mode of action for weed management.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Management of Drip-iIrrigated Peppers

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 672e-672
Author(s):  
Peter Bierman ◽  
Tom Wall
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Petiole Sap

Inadequate N can reduce growth and yield, but excess N can be uneconomical and environmentally harmful. Our objective was to investigate the potential for using fertigation and on-farm plant-nutrient monitoring to improve the efficiency of N fertilizer use by bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). Two N fertilizer treatments were compared: 1) all N applied preplant and 2) one-third of the N applied preplant and the remainder injected into the drip-irrigation lines throughout the growing season. Total application rates were N at 118 kg·ha–1 for both treatments. Data were collected for total yield, marketable yield, and fruit size. Leaf and petiole samples were collected every 2 weeks and were used to monitor plant N status throughout the growing season. A Horiba/Cardy nitrate meter was used to measure nitrate concentrations in freshly-pressed petiole sap. A SPAD chlorophyll meter was used to measure leaf chlorophyll content and give an indirect measure of leaf N concentrations. Subsamples of leaves and petioles also were saved for conventional laboratory analyses. Whole (aboveground) plant samples were collected every 2 weeks, analyzed, and used to calculate differences in N accumulation. Suction cup samplers were installed at the 24-in soil depth and water samples collected every 1 to 2 weeks for nitrate analysis. Except for early in the growing season, petiole sap nitrate and leaf chlorophyll were higher in the fertigation treatment. Plant dry matter and total N accumulation also were much larger, but fertigation did not increase yield. Nitrate leaching was greater early in the season with 100% preplant N, but later in the season it was greater with fertigation. Data suggested that adequate plant N, reduced nitrate leaching, and equivalent yields are possible with fertigation at reduced N-rates compared to 100% preplant fertilizer applications.

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