scholarly journals Effects of Fertilization on the Growth and Quality of Container-grown Areca Palm and Chinese Hibiscus during Establishment in the Landscape

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-394
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat ◽  
Kimberly Anne Moore
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Application ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Chinese Hibiscus

The roots of container-grown ornamental plants primarily are concentrated within the original container substrate root ball during the establishment period following transplanting into the landscape. Plants growing in container substrates containing pine bark or peatmoss have higher nitrogen (N) requirements than in most landscape soils due to microbial immobilization of N by these organic components. However, use of high-N fertilizers, such as those used in container production of ornamentals, can cause imbalances with potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) when used on palms in sandy landscape soils. Areca palm (Dypsis lutescens) and chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis ‘President’) that had been growing in containers were transplanted into a landscape soil to determine if high N fertilization during the establishment period could accelerate the rate of establishment without exacerbating K and Mg deficiencies. Although plants of both species had the darkest green color and largest size when continuously fertilized with high N fertilizer, this treatment did induce Mg deficiency in both species. Plant size and color for both species were highly correlated with cumulative N application rates, but also with initial N application rates, suggesting that high N fertilization during the first 6 months affected plant quality at 12 and 24 months after planting, even if high N fertilization was discontinued. However, continued use of a moderate N landscape palm maintenance fertilizer ultimately produced areca palm plants as good as those receiving high N during the establishment period.

scholarly journals Investigating the Proper Application Rate of Nitrogen under Mulched Drip Irrigation to Improve the Yield and Quality of Tomato in Saline Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Jifeng Zhang ◽  
Zhenhua Wang ◽  
Bihang Fan ◽  
Yusheng Hou ◽  
Yunqing Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
N Application ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Mulched Drip Irrigation

Xinjiang is one of the most prolific tomato-planting areas in China. Here, we carried out a two-year (2017–2018) field experiment in Xinjiang to study the effects of different nitrogen (N) application rates on the spatial distribution of water and salt in the root zone, as well as their impacts on the yield and quality of tomatoes under mulched drip irrigation. The ideal ranges of N application rates for tomato yield and quality were examined under different salinity levels. Results indicated that soil water content and salinity increased with soil depth. Soil water content was closely related to soil salinity but not to N. Among the tested application rates, tomato yield was highest under the medium-high N (225–300 kg/ha) and low salt (4 g/kg) treatment. Under the highest salt level (10 g/kg), the low nitrogen treatment (150 kg/ha) was better than the high N treatment (300 kg/ha) at boosting tomato yield. Moreover, we found that salinity had a stronger effect on tomato quality than N. Based on these results, we were able to recommend ideal ranges for N (155–201 kg/ha) and salt (3.56–5.59 g/kg) while both are present in the soil.

scholarly journals Effect of late-season nitrogen fertilization on grain yield and on flour rheological quality and stability in common wheat, under different production situations

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Blandino ◽  
Federico Marinaccio ◽  
Amedeo Reyneri
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
N Application ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Technological Quality

The increasing demand for a high and homogeneous technological quality of common wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) points out the necessity of improving wheat with by a higher protein (GPC) and gluten content, strength of dough (W) and dough stability. Among the current crop practices, late-season nitrogen (N) fertilization, from heading to flowering, is generally considered the practice that has the most effects on the storage proteins and technological quality of the grain. In order to explore the influence late-season N application can have on the dough properties and on the formation of homogeneous lots in more detail, a research was set up between 2007 and 2013, over 6 growing seasons at different sites in North West Italy using the Bologna cultivar in each of the trials. Three different late-season N fertilization strategies were compared: T1, control without a late distribution of N; T2, foliar N fertilization at flowering; T3, top-dress granular soil fertilization at the beginning of heading. A randomized complete block experimental design with four replicates was adopted. The grain yield, GPC, W and P/L indexes were analyzed. Moreover, the rheological and enzymatic properties of the samples were studied using a Mixolab® analyser (Chòpin Technologies, Paris, France). Grain yield was found to be unaffected by the fertilization treatments, while the late N application (T2, T3) significantly increased GPC. Only the granular N fertilization (T3) increased the W index compared to T1, while the P/L index was not affected by any of the fertilization strategies. Furthermore, the T3 strategy was always more effective in reducing the variability of the W index than the T2 and the T1 strategies. Water absorption and dough development time were higher in T3, than in T1, while intermediate results were reached for T2. The effect of late-season N fertilization was also significant on the starch behaviour of the dough, as an increase in starch gelatinization and retrogradation was observed. In short, the top-dress granular N fertilizer applied at the beginning of heading (T3) led to a more constant increase in GPC and flour rheological quality than the foliar application. Moreover, the adoption of this fertilization strategy resulted in a reduction in qualitative variability under different environmental and soil conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Differential Rates of Nitrogen Fertilization on Subsequent Recovery of Isotopically Labeled Fertilizer Nitrogen by Mature Almond Trees

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 755F-755
Author(s):  
Steven A. Weinbaum ◽  
Wesley P. Asai ◽  
David A. Goldhamer ◽  
Franz J.A. Niederholzer ◽  
Tom T. Muraoka
Keyword(s):  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Legitimate Concern ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
Leaf N

There is legitimate concern that excessive fertilizer nitrogen (N) application rates adversely affect groundwater quality in the San Joaquin Valley of California. A 5-year study was conducted to assess the interrelationships between N fertilization rates, tree productivity, leaf [N], soil [NO–3], tree recovery of isotopically labeled fertilizer N, and NO–3 leaching. High N trees recovered <50% as much labeled fertilizer N in the crop as did trees previously receiving low to moderate fertilizer application rates. Our data suggest that the dilution of labeled N in the soil by high residual levels of NO–3 in the soil had a greater effect than tree N status (as expressed by leaf N concentration) on the relative recovery of fertilizer N.

A tool based on remotely sensed LAI, yield maps and a crop model to recommend variable rate nitrogen fertilization for wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 672-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bourdin ◽  
F.J. Morell ◽  
D. Combemale ◽  
P. Clastre ◽  
M. Guérif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilization ◽  
Crop Model ◽  
Field Validation ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
N Application ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Application Rates

Inversing the STICS crop model with remote-sensing-derived leaf area index (LAI) and yield data from the previous crop is used to retrieve some soil permanent properties and crop emergence parameters. Spatialized nitrogen (N) fertilization recommendations are provided to farmers, for the second and third N applications, following the screening of eleven N application rates under a range of possible forthcoming climates, with the objective to maximize of the gross margin while respecting some environmental constraints. As a first field validation, we show (1) the improvement brought by the assimilation of LAI and yield into STICS to simulate crop and soil variables and (2) the interest of site specific application to maximize both the gross margin and the agro-environmental criterion.

scholarly journals Growth and Nitrogen Status of Young Pecan Trees Using Fertigation

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 904-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenny Wells
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
N Application ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Commercial Harvest ◽  
Minimal Treatment ◽  
Leaf N

The prolonged period from tree planting to first commercial harvest of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] provides incentive for many growers to intensively manage young trees to induce commercial production as soon as possible. This management includes high nitrogen (N) application rates with or without fertigation. However, there remains little data regarding the effect of N fertilization or fertigation on young pecan trees grown under southeastern U.S. orchard conditions. The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of fertigation with more commonly recommended forms of fertilization on growth and leaf N, phosphorous (P), potassium (K), and zinc (Zn) concentrations of first- through third-leaf pecan trees irrigated with microsprinklers. An optimal growth rate of young pecan trees was obtained as easily with a balanced granular fertilizer application using significantly less N compared with fertigation applications. The minimal treatment differences observed along with the fact that leaf N concentration never fell below the minimum recommended level in any treatment throughout the study supports the supposition that first-year pecan trees require no N fertilizer during the year of establishment. Only modest N application rates are required during the second and third growing seasons. This practice helps to promote optimal tree growth while minimizing excessive losses of N to the environment.

scholarly journals The Influence of Nitrogen Rate and Timing on `Beauregard' Sweetpotato Yield and Quality

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 758G-759
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽  
W.R. Jester ◽  
Charles W. Averre
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Fertilization Program ◽  
N Application ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
N Rates

Sweetpotato yield and quality are influenced by a N fertilization program. These studies were conducted to evaluate the effect that different N rates and application times had on the yield and quality of Beauregard roots. Three experiments were conducted in separate locations in North Carolina: One in 1992 to evaluate N rates of 28 to 56 kg·ha–1; and two in 1994 that evaluated nitrogen rate and time of N application. In 1994, N timing using single applications (21, 28, and 35 days after planting) were compared with split applications (10–21 and 21–35 days after planting). Also, in 1994, N rates for the season was varied from 0 to 42 kg·ha–1 comparing single and split applications. No yield differences were detected when N rate was varied from 14 to 56 kg·ha–1. However, the application of at least 14 kg N/ha increased yield when compared with the control (0 kg N/ha). The highest yield of US #1 marketable roots was obtained when all N was applied at 21, 28, or 35 days compared with split applications made at 10 and 21 days after planting. Roots tended to be shorter with single vs. split N applications.

scholarly journals 112 PRESIDEDRESS SOIL NITRATE TEST FOR SWEET CORN

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 444c-444
Author(s):  
J. R. Heckman ◽  
D. J. Prostak ◽  
W. T. Hlubik
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
N Application ◽  
Field Calibration ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Application Rates

The presidedress soil nitrate test (PSNT) is an in-season soil test that evaluates the N supplying capacity of soil before side dressing to adjust N application rates. Increasing acceptance of this soil test among field corn growers in New Jersey has shown it to be an effective practice. Nitrogen application rates were reduced by an average of 45 kg-1 ha without loss of crop yield. Field calibration research to extend use of the PSNT to sweet corn has the potential to improve N fertilizer recommendations for this crop. A critical concentration of 25 mg kg-1 NO3-N in the surface 30 cm of soil is generally considered adequate for field corn. Certain crop features of sweet corn (earlier harvest, smaller plant size and population) suggested that the critical NO2-N level might be lower than for field corn while market quality suggested that it might be a higher value. Results from 40 sweet corn field calibration sites in New Jersey indicate that the PSNT critical soil NO3-N concentration may be greater for sweet corn than field corn. A preliminary critical level of 30 mg kg-1 NO3-N in the surface 30 cm of soil is suggested for use of the PSNT on sweet corn. Further research is being conducted to improve sidedress N recommendations based on the PSNT.

Nitrogen levels and age at harvest and their effects on the nutritive value and fermentative characteristics of corn (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Ricardo Prieto-Prieto ◽  
Elide Valencia ◽  
Rebecca Tirado-Corbalá
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
N Application ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Entire Plant

The experiment consisted of two dates of planting [in September (D1) and February (D2)] of maize (Zea mays L.) DKC 67-60, to evaluate the effect of four N fertilization levels (0, 56, 112 and 185 kg/ha) and three ages at harvest [70, 77 and 84 days after planting (DAP)] on dry matter yield (DMY) of the leaves, stem, ear and of the entire plant; and as indicators of nutritive value [crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF)] of harvested material prior to ensiling. In both plantings, the levels of N affected (P<0.05) DMY of leaves, stems, ears and entire plant, exhibiting both a linear and a quadratic response, and suggesting that the optimum N application rate is between 112 and 185 kg/ha. Age at harvest date affected (P<0.05) DMY of stems, ears and entire plant, but not that of the leaves. Greater DMY was observed at 84 DAP for all components. The CP concentration was greater in the forage of the first planting (D1). Increasing N application rates increased CP, but had no effect on NDF concentration. Age at harvest had no effect on CP, but progressively increased NDF. Both pH and organic acid concentrations in the silages were similar with the four N levels; all of the silages showed good fermentation characteristics.

scholarly journals Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilization Regimes for Sustainable Maize (Zea mays L.) Production on the Volcanic Soils of Buea Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Christopher Ngosong ◽  
Victorine Bongkisheri ◽  
Clovis B. Tanyi ◽  
Lawrence T. Nanganoa ◽  
Aaron S. Tening
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Volcanic Soils ◽  
N Application ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
N Rates ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is commonly used to improve soil fertility and maize production in Cameroon, but high cost and potential environmental effects have necessitated site-specific N fertilization regimes that are adapted to particular soil and crop types. A field experiment was conducted with five N application rates (control–0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg N ha−1) to determine optimum rate for best maize yield with limited effect on soil acidification. The soil residual N ranged from 0.18 to 0.36% across N application rates and increased at higher application rates with the highest in 150 and 200 kg N ha−1. Soil C/N ratio ranged from 7.5 to 15.5 across N rates with the highest in control, which decreased at higher N application rates. Soil pH ranged from 4.7 to 5.4 across N rates, with the lowest in 200 kg N ha−1 rate. Maize grain yield and cob length ranged from 7.1 to 10.3 t ha−1 and from 14.5 to 18 cm across N rates, respectively, with the highest in 150 and 200 kg N ha−1. Maize 1000-grain weight ranged from 380 to 560 g across N application rates with the highest in 100, 150, and 200 kg N ha−1. Significant negative correlations occurred between soil pH and maize yield or 1000-grain weight. Maize N use efficiency decreased sharply at higher N application rates, as demonstrated by a strong negative correlation between the N-Partial Factor Productivity and total soil N. Overall, the lower soil pH at higher N application rates highlights the potential for deleterious effects of N fertilizer inputs on arable soils, which may eventually affect crop productivity, thereby suggesting lower N fertilization regimes between 50 and 100 kg N ha−1 as the optimum for maize production on the volcanic soils of Buea.

scholarly journals Influence of Plant Age on Nutrient Absorption for Marigold Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1612-1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Tolman ◽  
Alexander X. Niemiera ◽  
Robert D. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Nitrogen Absorption ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
N Treatment

Seedlings of 30-, 35, 40-, -45, and 50-day-old marigold (Tagetes erecta Big. `Inca Gold') in 500-ml plastic pots containing a 1 peat: 1 perlite (v/v) medium were treated with several fertilizer levels (N at 20, 50, 80, and 110 mg·liter-1); solution nutrient levels in the medium were determined 6 hours later. Older/larger container-grown plants absorbed more N, P, and K from the medium solution than younger/smaller plants. Also, older plants (>40 days) absorbed at least 88% of the solution N regardless of N treatment. Nitrogen absorption, regardless of plant age, increased as N application rates increased. The latter result implies that even though total N absorption increases with plant age/size, nutrient levels in the medium solution for optimal growth and nutrient uptake may be similar regardless of plant size.

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