scholarly journals Evaluation in Vitro of Blueberry Germplasm for Higher pH Tolerance

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad E. Finn ◽  
James J. Luby ◽  
Carl J. Rosen ◽  
Peter D. Ascher
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Ph Tolerance ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Ethanesulfonic Acid

Progenies from crosses among eight highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), lowbush (V. angustifolium Ait.), and V. corymbosum/V. angustifolium hybrid-derivative parents were evaluated in vitro at low (5.0) and high (6.0) pH for vitality, height, and dry weight. Succinic acid and 2[N- morpholino]ethanesulfonic acid (Mes) effectively maintained pH in the medium and rhizosphere. The pH regime did not affect percent radicle emergence from seed or survival; however, percent seed germination was slightly lower at high pH. The parental general combining ability (GCA), reciprocal and maternal, but not the specific combining ability (SCA) variance components were significant for plant vitality, height, and dry weight. The GCA variance components were six to 26 times larger than the SCA variance components for the plant growth traits. Variation due to pH regime was significant for vitality and dry weight but not for plant height. The progenies of parents with high percent lowbush ancestry were taller at both pH levels than those with less such ancestry. Little variation was apparent for higher pH tolerance as measured by dry weight; however, the GCA effects suggested that the progenies of some parents performed better than others at high pH. Vaccinium angustifolium parents differed in the extent to which tolerance to high pH was transmitted. In vitro screening in concert with a traditional breeding program should be effective in improving blueberry tolerance to higher pH.

scholarly journals Combining Ability for Seedling Root System Size and Shoot Vigor in Interspecific Blueberry Progenies

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. Erb ◽  
A.D. Draper ◽  
H.J. Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
System Size ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Root System Size ◽  
Highly Correlated

Interspecific blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) progenies were examined to determine combining abilities and genetic variability for seedling root system size and shoot vigor and to establish whether a large root system is correlated with good growth when plants are grown on a mineral soil and exposed to a moderate soil water deficit. General combining ability (GCA) variance components for root system size and shoot vigor and specific combining ability variance components for shoot vigor were significant. US226, a tetraploid hybrid of V. myrtilloides Michaux × V. atrococcum Heller, had the highest GCA effect for root system size and the lowest GCA effect for shoot vigor. US75 (V. darrowi Camp × V. corymbosum L.) had the highest GCA effect for shoot vigor and was second in GCA effect for root system size. Comparison of the crosses containing G111 (V. corymbosum) with those containing G362 (V. corymbosum) indicates that selecting for the best V. corymbosum clone to start a breeding program seems as important as selecting the mineral soil-adapted parent. Root system ratings were highly correlated with total dry weight of field-grown plants (r = 0.89). The method used in this study to evaluate seedlings for root system size and shoot vigor could be used to eliminate the less vigorous plants from a population before field planting and to evaluate mineral soil adaptability.

scholarly journals Efficient In Vitro Screening for Higher Soil pH Adaptability of Intersectional Hybrids in Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotoshi Tsuda ◽  
Hisato Kunitake ◽  
Yo Aoki ◽  
Akiko Oyama ◽  
Takuya Tetsumura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Ph Tolerance ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Hybrid Clones ◽  
Selection Of

We tested efficient in vitro methods for screening the genotypes with higher pH tolerance using multiple shoots of intersectional hybrids between Vaccinium corymbosum ‘Spartan’ and V. bracteatum. The response of the four hybrid clones tested to different pH levels was clone-dependent in vitro. An apparent difference was found in the rooting rate among the hybrid clones even at higher pH levels; the rooting rates of JM4 (91%) at pH 8.0 indicated a significantly high value compared with other clones (JM1: 24%, JM2: 9%, JM3: 8%, ‘Spartan’: 0%). Furthermore, JM4 showed constantly high rooting rates (91% to 100%) at all pH levels with no significant differences. Similar differences in the root characters of the hybrids were also confirmed by checking the viability of roots using fluorescein diacetate (FDA)/propidium iodide (PI) staining after dipping the roots of in vitro-produced shoots in liquid medium at different pH levels for 6 hours. These results suggest that an in vitro screening method using the rooting rate of multiple shoots and the viability test of roots by FDA/PI staining as a marker could become a very useful tool for the selection of germplasm with tolerance to higher pH within a short time using small planting spaces. In addition, JM4, which showed a high rooting rate at pH 8.0, could be useful in breeding new cultivars with higher pH tolerance.

Quantitative genetic analysis of in vitro callus proliferation in alfalfa

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Kielly ◽  
S. R. Bowley
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Experimental Population ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Callus Production ◽  
Callus Proliferation ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Genetic variability exists for in vitro callus growth within plant species, including alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The objective of this study was to investigate, using diallel crosses, the genetic variance components of in vitro callus production in tetraploid alfalfa. Nine genotypes were randomly chosen from among 60 plants from the cultivar Saranac and the experimental population OAC81-120R, which were previously characterized as being able to initiate callus. The group of nine plants was divided and crossed to generate two, six-plant diallel sets (A and B) with reciprocals; and the progeny were evaluated for callus production. Significant (P < 0.01) differences were found among crosses and for general combining ability (GCA) effects in both diallels. Specific combining ability (SCA) and reciprocal effects were found to be nonsignificant (P < 0.05). Estimates of heritability (h2) for callus production on a plot mean basis were 73% and 61% for diallel A and B, respectively. Since the heritabilities were high, and no reciprocal effects were detected, breeding strategies employing recurrent selection should result in the development of high in vitro callus producing populations. Key words: Medicago sativa L., callus proliferation, tissue culture, quantitative genetics, heritability, alfalfa

Effect of the endophytic plant growth promoting Enterobacter ludwigii EB4B on tomato growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E.A. Bendaha ◽  
H.A. Belaouni
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Enterobacter Ludwigii ◽  
Tomato Growth

SummaryThis study aims to develop a biocontrol agent against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) in tomato. For this, a set of 23 bacterial endophytic isolates has been screened for their ability to inhibit in vitro the growth of FORL using the dual plate assay. Three isolates with the most sound antagonistic activity to FORL have been qualitatively screened for siderophore production, phosphates solubilization and indolic acetic acid (IAA) synthesis as growth promotion traits. Antagonistic values of the three candidates against FORL were respectively: 51.51 % (EB4B), 51.18 % (EB22K) and 41.40 % (EB2A). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates EB4B and EB22K were closely related to Enterobacter ludwigii EN-119, while the strain EB2A has been assigned to Leclercia adecarboxylata NBRC 102595. The promotion of tomato growth has been assessed in vitro using the strains EB2A, EB4B and EB22K in presence of the phytopathogen FORL. The treatments with the selected isolates increased significantly the root length and dry weight. Best results were observed in isolate EB4B in terms of growth promotion in the absence of FORL, improving 326.60 % of the root length and 142.70 % of plant dry weight if compared with untreated controls. In the presence of FORL, the strain EB4B improved both root length (180.81 %) and plant dry weight (202.15 %). These results encourage further characterization of the observed beneficial effect of Enterobacter sp. EB4B for a possible use as biofertilizer and biocontrol agent against FORL.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Cytoprotective Activities of Halophyte Extracts against Mycotoxin Intoxication

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Nolwenn Hymery ◽  
Xavier Dauvergne ◽  
Halima Boussaden ◽  
Stéphane Cérantola ◽  
Dorothée Faugère ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Mdbk Cells ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
T2 Toxin

Twelve halophyte species belonging to different families, widely represented along French Atlantic shoreline and commonly used in traditional medicine, were screened for protective activities against mycotoxins, in order to set out new promising sources of natural ingredients for feed applications. Selected halophytic species from diverse natural habitats were examined for their in vitro anti-mycotoxin activities, through viability evaluation of Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) and intestinal porcine enterocyte (IPEC-J2) cell lines. Besides, the in vitro antioxidant activities of plant extracts were assessed (total antioxidant and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-scavenging bioassays). Of the 12 species, Galium arenarium, Convolvulus soldanella and Eryngium campestre exhibited the most protective action on MDBK and IPEC-J2 cells against zearalenone (ZEN) or T2 toxin contamination (restoring about 75% of cell viability at 10 μg·mL−1) without inflammation response. They also had strong antioxidant capacities (Inhibitory concentration of 50% (IC50) < 100 μg·mL−1 for DPPH radical and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of 100 to 200 mg Ascorbic Acid Equivalent (AAE)·g−1 Dry Weight), suggesting that cell protection against intoxication involves antioxidant action. A bio-guided study showed that fractions of G. arenarium extract protect MDBK cells against T2 or ZEN toxicity and several major compounds like chlorogenic acid and asperuloside could be involved in this protective effect. Overall, our results show that the halophytes G. arenarium, C. soldanella and E. campestre should be considered further as new sources of ingredients for livestock feed with protective action against mycotoxin intoxication.

scholarly journals In-Vitro Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Volatile Compounds and Minerals in Five Different Onion Varieties

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Rokayya Sami ◽  
Abeer Elhakem ◽  
Mona Alharbi ◽  
Manal Almatrafi ◽  
Nada Benajiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
No Production ◽  
Oxidative Stresses ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Red Variety ◽  
A Minor

Onions contain high antioxidants compounds that fight inflammation against many diseases. The purpose was to investigate some selected bioactive activities of onion varieties (Yellow, Red, Green, Leek, and Baby). Antioxidant assays and anti-inflammatory activities such as NO production with the addition of some bioactive components were determined and analyzed by using a spectrophotometer. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used for the volatile compounds, while an Atomic absorption spectrometer was used for mineral determinations. Red variety achieved the highest antioxidant activities. The total flavonoids were between (12.56 and 353.53 mg Quercetin/gin dry weight) (dw) and the total phenol was (8.75–25.73 mg/g dw). Leek, Yellow and Green extracts achieved highly anti-inflammatory values (3.71–4.01 μg/mL) followed by Red and Baby extracts, respectively. The highest contents of sodium, potassium, zinc, and calcium were established for Red onions. Furfuraldehyde, 5-Methyl-2-furfuraldehyde, 2-Methyl-2-pentenal, and 1-Propanethiol were the most predominant, followed by a minor abundance of the other compounds such as Dimethyl sulfide, Methyl allyl disulfide, Methyl-trans-propenyl-disulfide, and Methyl propyl disulfide. The results recommend that these varieties could act as sources of essential antioxidants and anti-inflammatories to decrease inflammation and oxidative stresses, especially red onions that recorded high activities.

scholarly journals Co-Microencapsulated Black Rice Anthocyanins and Lactic Acid Bacteria: Evidence on Powders Profile and In Vitro Digestion

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2579
Author(s):  
Carmen-Alina Bolea ◽  
Mihaela Cotârleț ◽  
Elena Enachi ◽  
Vasilica Barbu ◽  
Nicoleta Stănciuc
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Black Rice

Two multi-functional powders, in terms of anthocyanins from black rice (Oryza sativa L.) and lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus paracasei, L. casei 431®) were obtained through co-microencapsulation into a biopolymer matrix composed of milk proteins and inulin. Two extracts were obtained using black rice flour as a raw material and hot water and ethanol as solvents. Both powders (called P1 for aqueous extract and P2 for ethanolic extract) proved to be rich sources of valuable bioactives, with microencapsulation efficiency up to 80%, both for anthocyanins and lactic acid bacteria. A higher content of anthocyanins was found in P1, of 102.91 ± 1.83 mg cyanindin-3-O-glucoside (C3G)/g dry weight (DW) when compared with only 27.60 ± 17.36 mg C3G/g DW in P2. The morphological analysis revealed the presence of large, thin, and fragile structures, with different sizes. A different pattern of gastric digestion was observed, with a highly protective effect of the matrix in P1 and a maximum decrease in anthocyanins of approximatively 44% in P2. In intestinal juice, the anthocyanins decreased significantly in P2, reaching a maximum of 97% at the end of digestion; whereas in P1, more than 45% from the initial anthocyanins content remained in the microparticles. Overall, the short-term storage stability test revealed a release of bioactive from P2 and a decrease in P1. The viable cells of lactic acid bacteria after 21 days of storage reached 7 log colony forming units (CFU)/g DW.

Effect of Domestic Processing and Cooking Methods on Total, HCl Extractable Iron and in vitro availability of Iron in Spinach and Amaranth Leaves

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Yadav ◽  
S. Sehgal
Keyword(s):  
Iron Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
In Vitro Availability ◽  
Domestic Processing ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Extractable Iron

Spinach ( Spinacia oleracia) and amaranth ( Amaranthus tricolor) leaves were stored in polyethylene bags and without packing for 24 and 48 hours in a refrigerator at 5°C and 30°C in polyethylene bags. The fresh leaves were also dried (oven and sun), blanched (5, 10 and 15 min) and cooked in an open pan and a pressure cooker. The processed leaves were analysed for total iron, its availability and antinutrient content. The iron content of these leaves varied from 26.54 to 34.14 mg/l00g, dry weight and its HCl-extractability and in vitro availability were 62.11–67.18% and 3.03–3.97% of total respectively. Drying and storage had no significant effect on total iron content, Hel-extractability and availability ( in vitro), while blanching and cooking resulted in significant improvement of iron availability, and a significant reduction in oxalic acid content, while only blanching significantly reduced phytic acid and polyphenol contents. Thus cooking and blanching are good ways to improve HCl-extractability and in vitro availability of iron.

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