scholarly journals Some Biochemical and Ultrastructural Aspects of Peach Fruit Development

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 808-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Masia ◽  
A. Zanchin ◽  
N. Rascio ◽  
A. Ramina
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cell Enlargement ◽  
Iaa Oxidase ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

`Redhaven' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] fruit growth, expressed as cheek diameter, displayed a double-sigmoid pattern in which four stages were defined (SI, SII, SIII, SIV). Free IAA concentration, as determined by polyclonal antibodies (PcAb) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), paralleled fruit growth rate, peaking at 30 and 85 days after full bloom (AFB), concurrently with the exponential phases of growth. The highest peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) (POD) and IAA oxidase (IAAox) activities occurred during endocarp lignification. The main structural events described were mesocarp cell division within the first 2 weeks AFB and, later, cell enlargement, modifications of the epicarp cells, lignification of the endocarp, differentiation of the chloroplasts, and changes in their starch content. Chemical name used: indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).

scholarly journals First Report of Plum pox virus (Sharka Disease) in Prunus persica in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Levy ◽  
V. Damsteegt ◽  
R. Welliver
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
First Report

Plum pox (Sharka) is the most important virus disease of Prunus in Europe and the Mediterranean region and is caused by Plum pox potyvirus (PPV). In September 1999, PPV-like symptoms were observed in peach fruit culls in a packinghouse in Pennsylvania. All symptomatic fruit originated from a single block of peach (P. persica cv. Encore) in Adams County. Trees in the block exhibited ring pattern symptoms on their leaves. A potyvirus was detected in symptomatic fruit using the Poty-Group enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test from Agdia (Elkhart, IN). Reactions for symptomatic peach fruit and leaves also were positive using triple-antibody sandwich ELISA with the PPV polyclonal antibody from Bioreba (Carrboro, NC) for coating, the Poty-Group monoclonal antibody (MAb; Agdia) as the intermediate antibody, and double-antibody sandwich ELISA with PPV detection kits from Sanofi (Sanofi Diagnostics Pasteur, Marnes-La-Coquette, France) and Agdia and the REAL PPV kit (Durviz, Valencia, Spain) containing universal (5B) and strain typing (4DG5 and AL) PPV MAbs (1). PPV also was identified by immunocapture-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR) amplification and subsequent sequencing of the 220-bp 3′ noncoding region (2) (>99% sequence homology to PPV) and by IC-RT-PCR amplification of a 243-bp product in the coat protein (CP) gene (1). The virus was identified as PPV strain D based on serological typing with strainspecific MAbs and on PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the CP IC-RT-PCR product with Rsa1 and Alu1 (1). This is the first report of PPV in North America. References: (1) T. Candresse et al. Phytopathology 88:198, 1998. (2) L. Levy and A. Hadidi. EPPO Bull. 24:595, 1994.

scholarly journals Chitosan-based foliar application modulated the yield and biochemical attributes of peach (Prunus persica L.) cv. Early Grand

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sajid ◽  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Zafar Ullah ◽  
Syed Tanveer Shah ◽  
Izhar Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Peach Fruit

Abstract Background Peach fruits are highly perishable leading to many pre- and post-harvest problems, which adds to the reduction in the potential yield and productivity. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide, produced after alkaline chitin deacetylation. It is one of the most preferred biopolymers due to its biocompatibility, antioxidant, anticancer, biodegradability, antimicrobial, and non-toxic properties as well as being an economical material. A pre-harvesting experiment was carried out based on the problems of peach and the importance of chitosan. Results Peach trees were foliar sprayed with different concentrations of chitosan (0, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0%) at different times (30, 50, and 70 days after full bloom) to elucidate the effect of chitosan to peach yield and fruit quality. The results showed that foliar application of chitosan (1%) caused significant increases in fruit weight, volume, tree yield−1, fruit firmness, titratable acidity, and ascorbic acid content but caused significant decreases in total soluble solid fruit juice pH and disease incidence of peach fruit. Similarly, foliar application of chitosan after 50 days of full bloom increased fruit weight, volume, yield tree−1, firmness, titratable acidity, and ascorbic acid content with the number of fruit kg−1, total soluble solids, juice pH, and disease incidence as compared to other application times. Conclusions It is concluded that chitosan at 1% applied after 50 days of full bloom improved most of the peach attributes studied compared to the other concentrations of chitosan at 0.50 and 0.75, and control for the production of quality peach fruit.

scholarly journals Effect of Ethrel on Bloom Delay, Harvest Date, and Fruit Weight of `Empress' Peach

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Ebel ◽  
Arnold Caylor ◽  
Jim Pitts ◽  
Bobby Boozer
Keyword(s):  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Early Maturing

Ethrel [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid] was applied at 0, 100 or 200 ppm (mg·L-1) for 3 years to the early maturing `Empress' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] to determine if bloom delay by Ethrel reduces fruit weight at harvest. Trees were hand thinned at 0 or 3 weeks after full bloom to equalize cropload across Ethrel treatments and to determine if any reduction in fruit weight by Ethrel can be compensated by harvest with earlier thinning. Ethrel at 200 ppm (mg·L-1) delayed bloom by 3, 0, and 7 days in 1994, 1996 and 1997, respectively. Despite bloom delay, Ethrel did not delay harvest or reduce fruit weight. Thus, earlier hand thinning was not necessary. Ethrel did not affect blossom density and was not phytotoxic to vegetative or reproductive organs. These results indicate that even with the shorter fruit growth period of early maturing peach cultivars such as `Empress', there is sufficient time for fruit growth to recover on Ethrel treated trees so that fruit weight at harvest is not reduced.

scholarly journals Ethylene Biosynthesis during Peach Fruit Development

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tonutti ◽  
P. Casson ◽  
A. Ramina
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Acc Content

Ethylene evolution and ACC levels were determined throughout the growth and development of peach fruit (Prunus persica L. Batsch cv. Redhaven). In the four stages of growth (I, II, III, IV), as indicated by weekly monitoring of fresh (FW) and dry (DW) weight accumulation, ethylene biosynthesis in whole fruit decreased during FWI and remained almost undetectable during FWII and FWIII. In pericarp disks, ethylene evolution followed the same trend, although a peak at 78 days after full bloom and a slight increase before the onset of the climacteric were observed. The high rates of ethylene evolution were associated with a concurrent increase in ACC content. Enhancement of ACC synthase and ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE) activities was responsible for the peak of ethylene evolution detected before the beginning of FWIII and DWIII. At the climacteric, which occurred at the FWIII-FWIV transition, sequential events were observed in different fruit tissues. An increase of ethylene production in the mesocarp preceded the onset of the climacteric rise in whole fruit. The high amount of ethylene detected during the climacteric appeared to be related to increased EFE activity in the epicarp. Chemical name used: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC).

scholarly journals A Functional and Exploratory Approach to Studying Growth: The Example of the Peach Fruit

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Génard ◽  
Claude Bruchou
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Variability ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Absolute Growth

An approach to studying fruit growth is presented for peach fruit (Prunus persica L. Batsch). It combines a functional description of growth curves, multivariate exploratory data analysis, and graphical displays. This approach is useful for comparing growth curves fitted to a parametric model, and analysis is made easier by the choice of the model whose parameters have a meaning for the biologist. Growth curves were compared using principal component analysis (PCA) adapted to the table of estimated parameters. Growth curves of 120 fruits were fitted to a model that assumes two growth phases. The first one described the pit growth and the first part of the flesh growth. The second described the second part of the flesh growth. From PCA, firstly it was seen that fruit growth varied according to cumulated growth during both growth phases and to date of maximal absolute growth. Secondly, fruit growth varied according to cumulated growth and relative growth rates during each phase. Further examples are presented where growth curves were compared for varying fruit number per shoot and leaf: fruit ratio, and for different sources of variation (tree, shoot, and fruit). Growth of individual fruit was not related to fruit number per shoot or to leaf: fruit ratio. Growth variability was especially high between fruit within shoots.

scholarly journals 177 Changes of Fruit Structure and Sugar Contents during the Fruit Development Processes in `Yumyeong' Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 421B-421
Author(s):  
Myong-Dong Cho ◽  
Hee-Seung Park ◽  
Yong-Koo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Vascular Tissues ◽  
Outer Epidermis

`Yumyeong' is one of the most popular peach varieties in Korea. This study was conducted to monitor the developments of cells and tissues, and the changes in sugar contents during the whole fruit growth stages. At bloom, there were two rows of vascular tissues, and the number and the position of internal vascular bundles were consistent during the fruit growth; however, the number of vascular tissues increased and the distribution was irregular in the flesh tissues. The tissues between the inner integument and the internal vascular bundles showed different development characteristics from other parenchyma cells, which consisted of small and dense cells containing tannins. Therefore, it was found that the nucleus of peach consisted of inner epidermis and cells in the internal vascular tissues. The outer epidermis consisted of single layer cells at bloom and was changed into one to two layers by horizontal cell division 14 days after full bloom. At 30 days after full bloom, the epidermis consisted of five to six layers by vertical cell division. The cell layers of the outer epidermis gradually decreased to one to two layers at maturity. The observations on the changes in the epidermis confirmed that some of the cells of the hypodermis of peach fruit originated from the cells of outer epidermis. Tylosis was observed from 35 days after full bloom, and the size and number of tylosis increased until full fruit maturity. The sucrose content sharply increased from 50 days to 120 days after full bloom, then decreased slightly. After stone hardening ended, other solids showed a gradual decrease from 80 days after full bloom.

scholarly journals Does variability in shoot carbon assimilation within the tree crown explain variability in peach fruit growth?

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Walcroft ◽  
F. Lescourret ◽  
M. Genard ◽  
H. Sinoquet ◽  
X. Le Roux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Peach Fruit
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document