Influence of Inverse Day/Night Temperature on Ozone Sensitivity and Selected Morphological and Physiological Responses of Cucumber

Cucumis sativus L. (cvs. Poinsett and Ashley) plants were grown from seed in a growth chamber at a +10C (28/18) or a -10C (18/28) difference (DIF) between day temperature (DT) and night temperature (NT) on a 12-hour photoperiod for 24 days prior to ozone (O3) fumigation (3 hours at 0.5 umol·mol-1). Negative DIF, compared to +DIF, reduced plant height, node count, fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area in both cultivars. Photosynthetic rate (Pn), chlorophyll concentration, and variable chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv) were lower and O3 injury and polyamine concentrations were higher at -DIF than at +DIF. Ozone fumigation generally increased leaf concentration of polyamines and reduced Pn, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll fluorescence. `Poinsett' generally had a higher specific leaf mass and higher concentrations of chlorophyll a and polyamines than did `Ashley', but there was no cultivar difference in O3 injury, growth response, Pn, or stomatal conductance.

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RESPON PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN SENGON (PARASERIANTHES FALCATARIA) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN AMELIORAN PADA MEDIA CAMPURAN TANAH PASCATAMBANG BATU KAPUR

Jurnal Hutan Tropis ◽

10.20527/jht.v9i3.12314 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 262

Author(s):

Alawiyah Alawiyah ◽

Slamet Budi Yuwono ◽

Melya Riniarti ◽

Dermiyati Dermiyati ◽

Christine Wulandari

Keyword(s):

Growth Response ◽

Land Reclamation ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Significance Level ◽

Mining Soil ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mining Law

Open mining activities have caused soil damage, water pollution, air pollution, and damage to vegetation. Limestone post mining is a critical area that must be rehabilitated to be productive again. This problems can be fixed by doing land reclamation activities which mandated in the Mining Law Number 4, 2009. The success of land reclamation is largely determined by the choice of plant species and the provision of appropriate soil enhancers (ameliorant). This study was aimed to analyze the growth response of sengon plants on giving ameliorant in mixed limestone post mining soil. This study was designed in completely randomized design for 7 treatments and 3 replications used combination of ameliorant: P0 (without ameliorant); P1 (AH 4 kg ha-1); P2 (BFA 350 kg ha-1); P3 (FMA 500 spores plant-1); P4 (the combination of AH and FMA); P5 (the combination of BFA and FMA); and P6 (the combination of AH, BFA, and FMA). Data were processed by analysis of variance at the 0,05 significance level followed by the Least Significant Difference test. The results showed that the best growth response of sengon on giving ameliorant in mixed limestone post mining soil was P1 treatment (humic acid material) which significantly increased root length, root volume, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight in sengon plants. The addition of ameliorant can be recommended to improve the quality of revegetation plants

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The Influence of Nitrogen Fertilization on Waterlogging Stresses in Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus robur L.

Arboriculture & Urban Forestry ◽

10.48044/jauf.2008.005 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 29-40

Author(s):

Glynn Percival ◽

Ian Keary

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

European Beech ◽

Dry Weight ◽

N Fertilization ◽

N Fertilizers ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll ◽

Total Plant ◽

English Oak

The aims of this study were to determine the influence of nitrogen (N) fertilizers on tree tolerance under prolonged waterlogging conditions and investigate the effect of N fertilization on aiding tree recovery from waterlogging damage using containerized English oak (waterlogging-intermediate) and European beech (waterlogging-sensitive) as test species. English oak proved to be more waterlogging-tolerant than European beech. Tree vitality as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic rates, leaf chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, leaf and root protein concentration, and foliar N content was consistently higher in trees in which N fertilizers were added to the waterlogged solutions compared with trees waterlogged with tapwater only for 18 days. Measurement of light absorbance, light trapping, electron transport, and dissipation fluxes per leaf cross-section of photosystem II after the 18-day waterlogging period indicated a beneficial influence of N fertilization on leaf photosynthetic processes at the cessation of the waterlogging period. Addition of N induced greater resource allocation in favor of roots over shoots in both tree species. At the cessation of the 18-day waterlogging period and after a 10-day regeneration period, growth (leaf area, shoot, root, total plant dry weight) was constantly higher in N waterlogged trees compared with non-N waterlogged ones. In a separate study, recovery rates of trees as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic rates, leaf chlorophyll content, and stomatal conductance over a 6-week period after the cessation of 18 days waterlogging were 30% to 50% higher in N-fertilized trees compared with non-N-fertilized trees irrespective of species. In all cases, nonfertilized trees had the least capacity for recovery. In addition, leaf area, shoot, root, and total plant dry weight were higher in N-fertilized trees compared with nonfertilized ones. Results of this investigation indicate 1) applications of N fertilizers enhance the tolerance of trees under prolonged waterlogged conditions; and 2) applications of N fertilizers after waterlogging stress would be of benefit to improve tree recovery rates and growth. From a practical point of view, N fertilization 14.5 g (0.51 oz) or greater N per liter (0.26 gal) of water is tentatively suggested based on preliminary results of this study.

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The effect of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) on morphological and fluorescence parameters of giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.)

Pesticidi i fitomedicina ◽

10.2298/pif1301057v ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 57-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sava Vrbnicanin ◽

Marija Saric-Krsmanovic ◽

Dragana Bozic

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Plant Height ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Ambrosia Trifida ◽

Fluorescence Parameters ◽

Fluorescence Measurements ◽

Giant Ragweed ◽

Cuscuta Campestris

The effect of the parasitic flowering plant known as field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) on morphological and fluorescence parameters of infested giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) plants was examined under controlled conditions. The parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence (Fo, Fv/Fm, ?PSII, Fv, Fm, ETR and IF) were measured on infested (I) and non-infested (N) A. trifida plants over a period of seven days, beginning with the day of infestation. Morphological parameters (plant height, dry and fresh weight) were measured on the last day of fluorescence measurements. C. campestris was found to affect the height, fresh and dry weight of the infested A. trifida plants, causing significant reduction in plant height and dry weight. Field dodder also affected several parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence (Fo, Fv/Fm, ?PSII and Fv) in infested A. trifida plants.

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Differences in Growth in Response to Temperature of Maize Hybrids Varying in Low Temperature Tolerance

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9890181 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 181 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

AK Hardacre ◽

DH Greer

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Chlorophyll Concentration ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Temperature Tolerance ◽

Mature Leaf ◽

Corn Belt ◽

Assimilation Rate ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Low Temperature Tolerance ◽

Net Assimilation

Two hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.) were compared for low temperature tolerance using a range of characters. The hybrid A665 × H99 (CBD) originated in the Corn Belt of the U.S.A. NZlA × 5-113 (CT) was produced in New Zealand; it is of highland tropical origins and in previous work grew faster than Corn Belt Dent (CBD) hybrids at low temperatures. The objective of this work was to determine if the two hybrids grew at different rates in two contrasting temperature environments approximating those which can occur after planting in New Zealand. Growth analysis, chlorophyll concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence were used to estimate the differences between these hybrids. The plants were grown continuously in a 22/18°C day/night temperature environment or transferred to a 16/14°C environment at the 2-mature-leaf stage. Plants were harvested immediately prior to transfer at the 2-mature-leaf stage and at the 5-mature-leaf stage of development. Differences in dry weight and leaf area were compared with net assimilation rate, chlorophyll concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence as estimates of photosynthetic capacity. Shoot dry weight of CBD was greater than that of CT at 22/18°C, but the reverse was true at 16/14°C, showing that CT hybrids were more tolerant of the transfer to cool temperatures than CBD hybrids. In both environments the leaf areas of CBD and CT were similar. Net assimilation rate and chlorophyll concentration was greater for CT at 16/14°C, suggesting a greater photosynthetic efficiency at lower temperatures. This argument was supported by a slower decline in chlorophyll fluorescence for CT grown at 16/14°C. The coolest temperature treatment used in this work was less effective in discriminating between hybrids for differences in growth in cool environments, compared with the longer periods at 16/6°C of previous work.

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Influence of Irradiance on Leaf Physiology and Plant Growth Characteristics of Rhododendron × `Pink Ruffles'

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.116.5.881 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 116 (5) ◽

pp. 881-887 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

P.C. Andersen ◽

J.G. Norcini ◽

G.W. Knox

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Chlorophyll Concentration ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Light Level ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Light Transmittance ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Leaf Water Content ◽

Leaf Physiology

Leaf physiology and plant growth of Rhododendron × `Pink Ruffles' were compared under conditions of 100% sun and under polyethylene shadecloth with specifications of 69%, 47%, and 29% light transmittance. Net CO2 assimilation (A) and stomatal conductance to water vapor (gs) were often reduced for plants in the 100% sun regime, although few differences existed among the 69%, 47%, and 29% sun treatments. Stomatal conductance was very sensitive to leaf to air vapor pressure deficits (VPD), as evidenced by an 85% increase in gs with a decrease in VPD from 3.2 to 2.2 kPa. Light response curves established for plants after 54 days of exposure to 100% and 29% sun were similar, although A was consistently higher at all levels of photosynthetic photon flux for plants in the 29% sun regime. Maximum A was ≈5 and 6 μmol·m-2·s-1 for 100% and 29% sun-grown plants, respectively; light saturation occurred at ≈ 800 μmol·m-2·s-1 Midday relative leaf water content and leaf water potential were not affected by sun regime. The plant growth index decreased with increasing light level. Leaf, stem, and root dry weights; total leaf number and dry weight; total and individual leaf area; dry weight per leaf; and leaf chlorophyll concentration were reduced in 100% sun, yet few differences existed among the 69%, 47%, and 29% sun treatments. Shoot: root ratio and specific leaf weight were proportional to light level. Plants grown in the 100% sun regime were chlorotic and dwarfed, and plants in 29% sun were not sufficiently compact. One year after transplanting to the field under 100% sun, plants of all treatments were chlorotic and failed to grow.

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Differential Varietal Response of Green Pea (Pisum sativum) to Metribuzin

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00043426 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 775-781 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Kassim Al-Khatib ◽

Carl Libbey ◽

Sorkel Kadir ◽

Rick Boydston

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Photosystem Ii ◽

Pisum Sativum ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Variable Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Varietal Response ◽

Green Pea

Field and greenhouse experiments evaluated the differential response of 15 green pea varieties to metribuzin applied preemergence. ‘Charo,’ ‘CMG 298,’ ‘Leah,’ ‘Scout,’ and ‘Puget’ were the most tolerant, whereas ‘Bolero’ and ‘Sundance’ were the most susceptible varieties under greenhouse conditions. Variable chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv), efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fmax), and leaf area were reduced sharply by metribuzin in susceptible varieties, and metribuzin susceptibility correlated highly with the reduction in shoot dry weight. Green pea varieties grown under field conditions responded to metribuzin similarly to pea varieties grown under greenhouse conditions. Metribuzin reduced shoot dry weight more in peas grown at 30/25 C than in those grown at 25/20 and 20/15 C. Also, metribuzin injured peas more when grown in soil saturated to field capacity compared to soil at 70 and 40% of field capacity.

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Seedling performance of cocoa genotypes (Theobroma cacao L.) in Drought Stress Condition.

Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) ◽

10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v35i3.375 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 167-176

Author(s):

Agung Wahyu Susilo ◽

Sobir Sobir ◽

Adinda Wuriandani ◽

Desta Wirnas

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Available Water Content ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Ratio ◽

Root Shoot Ratio ◽

Main Plot

Drought stress can affect changes in physiological, morphological, biochemical,and molecular of plant. Plant in drought stress showed slower growthand development than in normal condition. This research aimed to determine the response of cocoa genotypes in seedling phase to drought stress in morphological and stomata character. This research conducted with split-plot design with main plot were water regimes (25% and 100% available water content). Eleven genotypes were used in this research consisted of six genotypes crosses and five genotypes parents. Variables observed were stem diameter, root volume, root length, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root/shoot ratio, and stomatal conductance. Drought stress decreased values associated with all observed morphological characters and stomata characters. Root/shoot ratio and stomatal conductance can be used to determine genotype with tolerance to drought. Sulawesi 3 x ICCRI 09 showed heighest in root/shoot ratio and stomatal conductance. Sulawesi 3 x ICCRI 09 can be used as candidate of plant material tolerant to drought.

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COMPARATIVE HEAT TOLERANCE AMONG FIVE SPECIES OF BIRCH

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.627d ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 627d-627

Author(s):

Thomas G. Ranney

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Dark Respiration ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Betula Papyrifera ◽

Respiration Rates ◽

Fluorescence Measurements ◽

Variable Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Paper Birch

Leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were used as indices for evaluating heat tolerance among five species of birch: paper (Betula papyrifera), European (B. pendula), Japanese (B. platyphylla var. japonica `Whitespire'), Himalayan (B. jacquemontii), and river (B. nigra). Measurements were conducted on individual leaves at temperatures ranging from 25C to 40C. Carbon exchange rates (CER) were depressed for all species at 40C. However, there was considerable variation in both absolute and relative (percent of maximum) CER among species at 40C; river birch maintained the highest absolute and relative CER while CER of paper birch was reduced the most. Although stomatal conductance of paper birch decreased at higher temperatures, internal leaf CO2 increased indicating that reduced stomatal conductance was not responsible for decreased CER. Stomatal conductance of river birch increased at higher temperatures which provided for enhanced uptake of CO2 and greater evaporative cooling. Variable chlorophyll fluorescence decreased similarly for both species with increasing temperatures. Measurements of dark respiration rates over the range of 25C to 40C suggested that the primary factor influencing variation in CER at higher temperatures was due to variation in respiration rates at higher temperatures.

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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF YOUNG APPLE TREES ON 3 ROOTSTOCKS TO DROUGHT STRESS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.573a ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 573a-573 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rodney T. Fernandez ◽

Ronald L. Perry ◽

James A. Flore

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Fluorescence Quenching ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Stress Cycle ◽

Before And After ◽

Variable Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

And Control

`Imperial Gala' on M.9 EMLA, MM.111 and Mark rootstocks were planted in a rain exclusion shelter. Two drought stress periods lasting approximately 1 month each were imposed during 1991. Water was supplied at 2 liters per day per tree before and after each drought cycle while water was withheld from half of the trees during the drought stresses. Maximal and variable chlorophyll fluorescence and fluorescence quenching were significantly reduced by the drought stress with M.111 generally affected first and with the largest difference between drought and control followed by Mark and then M.9. Leaf and stomatal conductance, assimilation and transpiration usually occurred first and were lowest for M.9 followed by Mark and then M.111 during the first stress cycle while Mark responded more rapidly and to a greater extent than M.9 and M.111 during the second stress. Water potential was lower for the stressed trees during both stress periods but osmotic and turgor potentials were reduced only during the first stress period. Changes in water relations were noticed first and to a greater extent for Mark followed by M.9 with M.111 exhibiting the least sensitivity and differences.

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Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Needle Chlorophyll Concentration of Fir (Abies sp.) Seedlings in Response to pH

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.5.1121 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 1121-1125 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

B.M. Cregg ◽

M.W. Duck ◽

C.M. Rios ◽

D.B. Rowe ◽

M.R. Koelling

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Quantum Yield ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Chlorophyll Concentration ◽

Dolomitic Limestone ◽

Siberian Fir ◽

Subalpine Fir ◽

Ph Tolerance ◽

Variable Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Soil Media

We assessed variable chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and needle chlorophyll concentration of seedlings of Maccedonia fir (Abies borisii regis Mattfeld), subalpine fir [A. lasiocarpa (Hooker) Nuttall], Sakhalin fir [A. sachalinensis (Schmidt) Mast.], Siberian fir [A. sibirica (Lebed.)], and Veitch fir (A. veitchii Lindl.) grown under varying soil media pH. Soil media pH was modified using liquid flowable dolomitic limestone, resulting in five pH levels (3.4, 4.0, 5.4, 6.0, and 6.8). Increasing media pH significantly reduced Fv/Fm and needle chlorophyll concentration in all of the species tested. The effect of pH on photochemistry was due to depressed nutrient uptake of P, Mn, B, and Cu. Because photosynthetic quantum yield may be related to deficiencies of several elements affected by pH, Fv/Fm may serve as a criterion to select for improved pH tolerance. Among the species examined, A. veitchii and A. lasiocarpa were most tolerant of increased pH based on Fv/Fm and needle chlorophyll concentration.

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