scholarly journals A Complex C Region Genotype [? R] that with G B vlae Produces Dark Seal-brown Seedcoat Color in Common Bean

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Bassett
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Genotype Data ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Background Color ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Question Mark ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
The Difference

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plant introduction 527829 (formerly Lamprecht M0048) has dark seal-brown (DSB) seedcoats and pink flowers. An investigation was conducted to determine the genotype of DSB seedcoat color. M0048 was crossed with Florida breeding line 5-593, which has genotype P [C r] D J G B V Rk. A series of crosses involving M0048, 5-593, and three genetic tester stocks (v BC2 5-593, cu BC2 5-593, and b v BC2 5-593) led to determination of the genotype. Data analysis indicated that M0048 has the genotype P [? R] J G B vlae, where DSB color is produced by the interaction of R with B. Crosses between [? R] and testers with [C r] always produced seedcoat mottling in F1, except where V masks the effect. The cross [? R] B v (DSB) × cu BC2 5-593 (cartridge buff seedcoat) produced marbled seedcoats (black/cartridge buff) with genotype [? R]/[cu?] B V. No way was found to determine whether the mottled or marbled seedcoat patterns were controlled at C or R; hence, the allelic ambiguity is indicated with a question mark. Illustrations are provided showing the difference between seedcoat mottling (a highly variable low-contrast patterning) and seedcoat marbling (a less variable high-contrast patterning, usually with cartridge buff as the background color). The development of a new genetic tester stock, [? R] b v BC3 5-593, was described, where [? R] b v gives unpatterned dominant red seedcoat color.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Self-Produced Phantom Usafulness for image Quality Control of Radiation Generator for Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 828-834
Author(s):  
Ye-Won Park Et.al
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Contrast Resolution ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Image Quality Control ◽  
Exposure Dosage ◽  
The Difference

Background/Objectives: Quality control can improve the quality of medical care along with the stability of diagnostic X-ray generator. Regular quality control provides reliable quality control of the machine and maintains consistency of general imaging using radiation for efficient diagnosis. Methods/Statistical analysis: A phantom for quality control of diagnostic X-ray generator was produced using a 3D printer. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the phantom utility was conducted by modifying images acquired using S and D companies’ tools with Source to Image-Receptor Distance (SID) levels ranging between 130 cm and 180 cm. The evaluation indices were determined based on the analysis of field compliance, uniformity, low and high-contrast resolution, and linearity. Findings: The evaluation was conducted by acquiring and changing the radiographic image to SIDs between 130 cm and 180 cm using the indigenous phantom. The field compliance of S and D companies in terms of quantitative evaluation indices was both appropriate within ± 1% according to the SID change. To ensure a uniform SID 130 cm, the internal and external means of S company were 893 and 943, respectively, while those of the D company were 228.1 and 261.4, respectively. At an SID of 180 cm, the internal and external means of the S company were 928.1 and 958.4, respectively, while those of the D company were 257.2 and 299, respectively. A characteristic of the DR system was identified to ensure linearity, altered exposure dosage according to the step wedge height, and the difference in SI values according to the characteristics of the equipment and linearity. The qualitative evaluation indices were determined by identifying the size of the hole under high-contrast resolution up to 0.8㎜ and the bar size up to 1.6 lp/㎜. The low contrast resolution was evaluated with a C-D pattern, and at SID 130 cm, the S company scored 124.6 points and the D company 116 points, and at 180 cm, the S company scored 111.4 and the D company 104.6 points. Improvements/Applications: The utility of the homegrown phantom in quality control was confirmed for each index. The medical institutions are required to introduce quality control regulations for general image examination using radiation. It is helpful to efficiently manage old equipment and improve public health and medical care by linking with the health insurance fee.

scholarly journals A New Recessive Allele at the C Locus for Seedcoat Color in Common Bean

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-899
Author(s):  
Mark J. Bassett
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Gene Symbol ◽  
Recessive Allele ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Allelism Test ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Black Seeds

The inheritance of a new allele, cv, at the C locus for seedcoat color was studied in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using plant introduction (PI) accession 527774 as the source of cv. The cross PI 527774 (yellow-brown seed) x v BC25-593 (mineral-brown seed) genetic tester stock was studied in F1 and F2 progeny. An F3 selection from the above cross, designated F3 cv G b v, was crossed to 5-593 (a Florida breeding line with black seeds), and the F1, and F2 progeny were analyzed for color segregation. The second hackcross [S-593 x F1 (F3 cv G b v x 5-593)] was investigated in selfed progenies from 32 random BC2-F1 parents. Two of the BC2-F2 progenies were further tested in BC2,-F3. A third hackcross of cv to 5-593 was made and analyzed, and an allelism test of cv B V BC2-F35-593 with the cartridge huff cu BC3 5-593 genetic tester stock confirmed that cv is an allele at C. The gene symbol, cv, is proposed for the new allele because it is only expressed with V and gives a grayish-brown seedcoat. Genotypes with C/cv do not show heterozygous mottling with G B v or G b v, and there is no difference in seedcoat color between C G B v and cv G B v, or between C G b v and cv G b v.

Resistance Monitor and Control for Vacuum Evaporation of Metals and Carbon

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 572-573
Author(s):  
Russell L. Steere ◽  
Eric F. Erbe ◽  
J. Michael Moseley
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Device ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Variable Resistor ◽  
Quality Of Results ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Evaporation Source ◽  
And Control ◽  
At Will

We have designed and built an electronic device which compares the resistance of a defined area of vacuum evaporated material with a variable resistor. When the two resistances are matched, the device automatically disconnects the primary side of the substrate transformer and stops further evaporation.This approach to controlled evaporation in conjunction with the modified guns and evaporation source permits reliably reproducible multiple Pt shadow films from a single Pt wrapped carbon point source. The reproducibility from consecutive C point sources is also reliable. Furthermore, the device we have developed permits us to select a predetermined resistance so that low contrast high-resolution shadows, heavy high contrast shadows, or any grade in between can be selected at will. The reproducibility and quality of results are demonstrated in Figures 1-4 which represent evaporations at various settings of the variable resistor.

Removal of inelastically scattered electrons substantially increases phase contrast on frozen-hydrated molecules

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 652-653
Author(s):  
John P. Langmore ◽  
Brian D. Athey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Biological Structure ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

Although electron diffraction indicates better than 0.3nm preservation of biological structure in vitreous ice, the imaging of molecules in ice is limited by low contrast. Thus, low-dose images of frozen-hydrated molecules have significantly more noise than images of air-dried or negatively-stained molecules. We have addressed the question of the origins of this loss of contrast. One unavoidable effect is the reduction in scattering contrast between a molecule and the background. In effect, the difference in scattering power between a molecule and its background is 2-5 times less in a layer of ice than in vacuum or negative stain. A second, previously unrecognized, effect is the large, incoherent background of inelastic scattering from the ice. This background reduces both scattering and phase contrast by an additional factor of about 3, as shown in this paper. We have used energy filtration on the Zeiss EM902 in order to eliminate this second effect, and also increase scattering contrast in bright-field and dark-field.

FRACTIONAL DETERMINATIONS OF URINARY 17-KETOSTEROIDS IN HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pentti A. Järvinen ◽  
Sykkö Pesonen ◽  
Pirkko Väänänen
Keyword(s):  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Daily Urine ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT The fractional determination of 17-ketosteroids in the daily urine was performed in nine cases of hyperemesis gravidarum and in four control cases, in the first trimester of pregnancy both before and after corticotrophin administration. The excretion of total 17-KS is similar in the two groups. Only in the hyperemesis group does the excretion of total 17-KS increase significantly after corticotrophin administration. The fractional determination reveals no difference between the two groups of patients with regard to the values of the fractions U (unidentified 17-KS), A (androsterone) and Rest (11-oxygenated 17-KS). The excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone is significantly higher in the hyperemesis group than in the control group. The excretion of androstanolone seems to be lower in the hyperemesis group than in the control group, but the difference is not statistically significant. The differences in the correlation between dehydroepiandrosterone and androstanolone in the two groups is significant. The high excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone and low excretion of androstanolone in cases of hyperemesis gravidarum is a sign of adrenal dysfunction.

THE SUBJECT FIELD OF INSTITUTIONAL EDUCATION: THE SENSE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Irina Mordous
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
National Education ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Separate Area ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Economic

The development of modern civilization attests to its decisive role in the progressive development of institutions. They identified the difference between Western civilization and the rest of the world. Confirmation of the institutional advantages of the West was its early industrialization. The genesis and formation of institutionalism in its ideological and conceptualmethodological orientation occurs as a process alternative to neoclassic in the context of world heterodoxia, which quickly spread in social science. Highlighting institutional education as a separate area of sociocultural activity is determined by the factor of differentiation of institutional theory as a whole. A feature of institutional education is its orientation toward the individual and his/her transformation into a personality. The content of institutional education is revealed through the analysis of the institution, which includes a set of established customs, traditions, ways of thinking, behavioral stereotypes of individuals and social groups. The dynamics of socio-political, economic transformations in Ukraine requires a review of the foundations of national education and determination of the prospects for its development in the 21st century in the context of institutionalism.

scholarly journals Possibility of Human Gender Recognition Using Raman Spectra of Teeth

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3983
Author(s):  
Ozren Gamulin ◽  
Marko Škrabić ◽  
Kristina Serec ◽  
Matej Par ◽  
Marija Baković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Gender Recognition ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Tooth Type ◽  
Tooth Apex ◽  
The Difference

Gender determination of the human remains can be very challenging, especially in the case of incomplete ones. Herein, we report a proof-of-concept experiment where the possibility of gender recognition using Raman spectroscopy of teeth is investigated. Raman spectra were recorded from male and female molars and premolars on two distinct sites, tooth apex and anatomical neck. Recorded spectra were sorted into suitable datasets and initially analyzed with principal component analysis, which showed a distinction between spectra of male and female teeth. Then, reduced datasets with scores of the first 20 principal components were formed and two classification algorithms, support vector machine and artificial neural networks, were applied to form classification models for gender recognition. The obtained results showed that gender recognition with Raman spectra of teeth is possible but strongly depends both on the tooth type and spectrum recording site. The difference in classification accuracy between different tooth types and recording sites are discussed in terms of the molecular structure difference caused by the influence of masticatory loading or gender-dependent life events.

scholarly journals Minimum Detectable Change of Visual Acuity Measurements Using ETDRS Charts (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7876
Author(s):  
María Carmen Sánchez-González ◽  
Raquel García-Oliver ◽  
José-María Sánchez-González ◽  
María-José Bautista-Llamas ◽  
José-Jesús Jiménez-Rejano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Minimum Detectable Change ◽  
The Mean

In our work, we determined the value of visual acuity (VA) with ETDRS charts (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study). The purpose of the study was to determine the measurement reliabilities, calculating the correlation coefficient interclass (ICC), the value of the error associated with the measure (SEM), and the minimal detectable change (MDC). Forty healthy subjects took part. The mean age was 23.5 ± 3.1 (19 to 26) years. Visual acuities were measured with ETDRS charts (96% ETDRS chart nº 2140) and (10% SLOAN Contrast Eye Test chart nº 2153). The measurements were made (at 4 m) under four conditions: Firstly, photopic conditions with high contrast (HC) and low contrast (LC) and after 15 min of visual rest, mesopic conditions with high and low contrast. Under photopic conditions and high contrast, the ICC = 0.866 and decreased to 0.580 when the luminosity and contrast decreased. The % MDC in the four conditions was always less than 10%. It was minor under photopic conditions and HC (5.83) and maximum in mesopic conditions and LC (9.70). Our results conclude a high reliability of the ETDRS test, which is higher in photopic and high contrast conditions and lower when the luminosity and contrast decreases.

scholarly journals Adaptive Integration in the Visual Cortex by Depressing Recurrent Cortical Circuits

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1847-1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. W. van Rossum ◽  
Matthijs A. A. van der Meer ◽  
Dengke Xiao ◽  
Mike W. Oram
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Higher Visual Areas ◽  
Recurrent Connections

Neurons in the visual cortex receive a large amount of input from recurrent connections, yet the functional role of these connections remains unclear. Here we explore networks with strong recurrence in a computational model and show that short-term depression of the synapses in the recurrent loops implements an adaptive filter. This allows the visual system to respond reliably to deteriorated stimuli yet quickly to high-quality stimuli. For low-contrast stimuli, the model predicts long response latencies, whereas latencies are short for high-contrast stimuli. This is consistent with physiological data showing that in higher visual areas, latencies can increase more than 100 ms at low contrast compared to high contrast. Moreover, when presented with briefly flashed stimuli, the model predicts stereotypical responses that outlast the stimulus, again consistent with physiological findings. The adaptive properties of the model suggest that the abundant recurrent connections found in visual cortex serve to adapt the network's time constant in accordance with the stimulus and normalizes neuronal signals such that processing is as fast as possible while maintaining reliability.

scholarly journals Influence of Erythrocytes on Direct Potentiometric Determination of Sodium and Potassium

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Bijster ◽  
H L Vader ◽  
C L J Vink
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Liquid Junction ◽  
Direct Potentiometry ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

We have shown that the sodium concentration in whole blood measured by direct potentiometry is higher than in plasma. The ‘erythrocyte-effect’, already described by Siggaard Andersen, is most pronounced for instruments equipped with a reference electrode with an open static liquid junction and is thus a general phenomenon. Instruments with a modified liquid junction show less interference. The same phenomenon appears for the determination of the potassium concentration, although the difference between whole blood and plasma, when measured with instruments equipped with a modified liquid junction, can be neglected in practice.

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