scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertigation Requirements of Drip-irrigated Strawberries

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Hochmuth ◽  
Earl E. Albregts ◽  
Craig C. Chandler ◽  
John Cornell ◽  
Jay Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Petiole Sap ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch ◽  
Leaf N

Strawberries (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) were grown in two seasons at Dover, Fla., with polyethylene mulch and drip irrigation. Nitrogen was injected weekly at 0.28 (50), 0.56 (100), 0.84 (150), 1.12 (200), and 1.40 (250) kg N/ha per day (kg·ha-1 for season) for `Oso Grande' and `Sweet Charlie' in 1991-92 season and for `Oso Grande' and `Seascape' in 1992-1993 season. Nitrogen fertilization in 1991-1992, over the range of 0.28 to 1.40 kg N/ha per day, had no significant effect on early (November to January) strawberry yields. March (the largest production month) yield and total-season yield increased with increasing N fertilization to 0.76 and 0.54 kg N/ha per day, respectively. Nitrogen fertilization did not affect yields of strawberry in 1992-93. Fruit firmness and average fruit weight were not affected by N fertilization from 0.28 to 1.40 kg N/ha per day. Nitrogen fertilization increased whole leaf N, leaf blade N, and petiole sap nitrate-N concentrations linearly for most sampling dates in both years. Early yields were greater for `Sweet Charlie' than `Oso Grande'. Yields were greater for `Oso Grande' during March, and total-season yields were similar for both cultivars in 1991-92. `Oso Grande' had greater early, March, and total yields than `Seascape' in 1992-93.

scholarly journals 054 RESPONSE OF STRAWBERRY TO N FERTILIZATION BY DRIP IRRIGATION

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 435f-435
Author(s):  
George J. Hochmuth ◽  
Earl E. Albregts ◽  
Craig K. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Petiole Sap ◽  
Leaf N

During the 1992-93 fruiting season, strawberries were fertigated weekly with 0.28, 0.56, 0.84, 1.12, or 1.40 kg N/ha/day from ammonium nitrate. K was applied uniformly at 0.84 kg/ha/day by fertigation. Irrigation maintained soil moisture tension in the beds between -10 and -15 kPa. Fruit yields responded positively to N fertilization with yields maximized at 0.56 kg N/ha/day. Leaf N and petiole sap nitrate N concentrations increased with N rate with leaf-N for the plants receiving 0.28 kg N/ha/day remaining below 25 g·kg-1 most of the season. Sufficiency ranges for petiole sap nitrate-N quick testing were developed.

scholarly journals Potassium Fertigation Requirements of Drip-irrigated Strawberry

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl E. Albregts ◽  
George J. Hochnmth ◽  
Craig K. Chandler ◽  
John Cornell ◽  
Jay Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Petiole Sap ◽  
K Fertilization

`Oso Grande' and `Sweet Charlie' strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) in 1991-92 and `Oso Grande' and `Seascape' in 1992-93 were grown in a K fertilization study using polyethylene-mulched and fumigated beds. Potassium was injected weekly into the drip irrigation system at 0.28,0.56,0.84, 1.12, and 1.40 kg K/ha per day. Early, March, and total-season marketable fruit yields were not affected by K rate during either season. The average fruit weight of `Oso Grande' for the early, March, and total-season harvest periods in the 1992-93 season decreased with increased K rate. For the same harvest periods, `Seascape' average fruit weight increased, decreased, and did not change, respectively, with increased K rate. Cull fruit yield during both seasons and fruit firmness during the 1992-93 season were not affected by K rate. Petiole sap, whole leaf, and leaf blade K concentrations increased with increasing K rates on most sampling dates during both seasons. `Oso Grande' and `Sweet Charlie' produced similar total marketable fruit yields the first season, but `Oso Grande' produced higher total yields than `Seascape' during all harvest periods of the second season.

Diagnostic nitrogen concentrations for tomatoes grown in sand culture

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
DO Huett ◽  
G Rose
Keyword(s):  
Critical Values ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
Petiole Sap ◽  
N Status ◽  
Leaf N

The tomato cv. Flora-Dade was grown in sand culture with 4 nitrogen (N) levels of 1.07-32.14 mmol L-1 applied as nitrate each day in a complete nutrient solution. The youngest fully opened leaf (YFOL) and remaining (bulked) leaves were harvested at regular intervals over the 16-week growth period. Standard laboratory leaf total and nitrate N determinations were conducted in addition to rapid nitrate determinations on YFOL petiole sap. The relationships between plant growth and leaf N concentration, which were significantly affected by N application level, were used to derive diagnostic leaf N concentrations. Critical and adequate concentrations in petiole sap of nitrate-N, leaf nitrate-N and total N for the YFOL and bulked leaf N were determined from the relationship between growth rate relative to maximum at each sampling time and leaf N concentration. YFOL petiole sap nitrate-N concentration, which can be measured rapidly in the field by using commercial test strips, gave the most sensitive guide to plant N status. Critical values of 770-1 120 mg L-I were determined over the 10-week period after transplanting (first mature fruit). YFOL (leaf + petiole) total N concentration was the most consistent indicator of plant N status where critical values of4.45-4.90% were recorded over the 4- 12 week period after transplanting (early harvests at 12 weeks). This test was less sensitive but more precise than the petiole sap nitrate test. The concentrations of N, potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in YFOL and bulked leaf corresponding to the N treatments producing maximum growth rates are presented, because nutrient supply was close to optimum and the leaf nutrient concentrations can be considered as adequate levels.

scholarly journals 453 N Management Strategies Affect Watermelon Yield and N Leaching

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 522E-522
Author(s):  
G. Hochmuth ◽  
S. Locascio ◽  
R. Hochmuth ◽  
Jennifer Hornsby ◽  
D. Haman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Fertilization Program ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Management ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

Nitrate concentrations in the springs and rivers in northern Florida have been increasing, and several state agencies are interested in implementing nitrogen management programs on farms to reduce N entering the groundwater. Watermelon was grown in the first season of a six-season project under various cultural and fertilization programs to investigate the relationship of N management with N leaching. Treatments were a factorial arrangement of two cultural systems (polyethylene mulch with drip-irrigated beds and unmulched, overhead irrigated beds) and three N fertilization programs [N at the extension-recommended rate, N at the commercial-watermelon-producer rate (1.5 times recommended), or N at the recommended rate with 50% of N from poultry manure]. Nitrate in the soil beneath the watermelon crop was monitored at the 2-m depth with porous-crop suction lysimeters and soil sampling. Yields were greater with the mulch/drip irrigation system compared with the unmulched/sprinkler cultural system; however, fertilization program had no effect on yield. Nitrate-N concentrations in the soil solution at the 2-m depth with all fertilizer treatments were only slightly elevated (3 to 5 mg·L-1) above that in the unfertilized soil (< 1.0 mg·L-1) early in the season when no rain fell. Later in the season, soil solution nitrate-N concentrations at the 2-m depth increased to >50 mg·L -1 with the unmulched treatment and with the greater fertilization rate. Polyethylene mulch, drip irrigation, and recommended N rate combined to maintain groundwater nitrate-N concentration below 10 mg·L-1 for most of the production season and only slightly above 10 mg·L-1 during the summer off-season when rainfall was frequent.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Watermelon on Polyethylene Mulch with Different Spacings and Nitrogen Rates

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smiljana Goreta ◽  
Slavko Perica ◽  
Gvozden Dumicic ◽  
Lovre Bucan ◽  
Katja Zanic
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch ◽  
Leaf N

Suggested watermelon planting densities and N rates vary on a large scale, indicating that there is insufficient knowledge about their effects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of N rate and planting density on growth, yield and quality of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] grown on black polyethylene mulch. The field experiments with `Crimson Sweet' watermelon were conducted in two climatologically different growing regions. The treatments were factorial combinations of three in-row plant spacings (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m) and three N rates (115, 195, and 275 kg·ha-1). Part of the N (35 kg·ha-1) was applied preplant and the remainder was fertigated. Vine length increased linearly up to 7 weeks after planting (WAP) as N rate increased from 115 to 275 kg·ha-1, and up to 9 WAP as plant spacing increased from 0.5 to 1.5 m. Total and marketable yields per ha or per plant did not increase with N rates above 115 kg·ha-1. Average fruit weight and fruit size distribution were generally unaffected by N rate. Leaf N concentration increased as N rate increased, although leaf N concentrations at the lowest N rate (115 kg·ha-1) even at 9 WAP were relatively high (43.3 to 47.3 g·kg-1). Total and marketable yields per ha were linearly decreased with an increase in plant spacing from 0.5 to 1.5 m, and the same was noticed with the total and marketable number of fruit per ha. With increased plant spacing average fruit weight increased and fruit size distribution shifted to larger categories.

scholarly journals Combinations of Nitrogen Rates and Irrigation Programs for Tomato Production in Spodosols

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bielinski M. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Seepage Irrigation ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Two field studies were conducted to compare the effects of preplant nitrogen (N) rates and irrigation programs on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) growth and yields. Irrigation programs were seepage (subsurface) irrigation alone at a water volume of 28 acre-inches/acre per season and seepage plus drip irrigation at a volume of 28 and 14 acre-inches/acre per season, respectively. Preplant N fertilization rates were 200, 250, and 300 lb/acre, using ammonium nitrate as the N source. There were significant irrigation program by N rate interactions for nitrate (NO3−) petiole concentrations at 8 weeks after transplanting (WAT), and yield of extra-large fruit and total marketable fruit, but not for plant height at 5 and 7 WAT. The highest NO3-N petiole concentrations were found in plots treated with 200, 250, and 300 lb/acre for N and seepage plus drip irrigation, and with 300 lb/acre N under seepage irrigation alone. For the total marketable fruit weight, there were no differences among N rates in those plots irrigated with the seepage plus drip combination, ranging between 23.8 and 25.9 tons/acre. However, there was a significant N effect in plots receiving only seepage irrigation with marketable fruit weight almost doubling from 12.0 to 22.7 tons/acre when applying 200 and 300 lb/acre N, respectively. Both irrigation programs had equivalent performance when 300 lb/acre N were applied.

scholarly journals Fruit Size, Yield, and Market Value of `GoldRush' Apple are Affected by Amount, Timing and Method of Nitrogen Fertilization

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Wargo ◽  
Ian A. Merwin ◽  
Christopher B. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Market Value ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Second Year ◽  
June July ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Foliar Urea

`GoldRush' is a new scab (Venturia inaequalis) resistant apple (Malus ×domestica) with excellent flavor and storage qualities that tends to produce small and russeted fruit. We investigated the effects of rate, timing, and method of nitrogen (N) fertilizers on `GoldRush' fruit size and quality during 1998-99. Fertilizer treatments were 1) no N fertilizer (control); 2) a low N rate of 45 kg·ha-1 (40.1 lb/acre) applied in April (LN-Apr); 3) a low N rate of 45 kg·ha-1 applied half in April and half in June (LN-Apr+Jun); 4) a high N rate of 90 kg·ha-1 (80.3 lb/acre) split in April and June (HN-Apr+Jun); 5) a high N rate of 90 kg·ha-1 applied in April, May, June, and July at 22.5 kg·ha-1 (20 lb/acre) each month (HN-Apr+May+Jun+Jul); and 6) canopy sprays of 1% (wt/wt) urea-N, equivalent to 7 kg·ha-1 (6.2 lb/acre) applied monthly in May, June, July, and August (foliar urea). In 1998, an additional foliar urea spray at 5% (wt/wt) concentration was applied to trees after harvest. The first year's Ntreatments did not affect relative average fruit weights or total yields, but unfertilized trees produced more fruit in smaller size categories. Nitrogen fertilization resulted in greener and softer fruit both years. In the second year, all N additions increased yields compared with controls, but average fruit weight was inversely correlated with crop load. Foliar urea sprays and HN-Apr+May+Jun+Jul treatments increased yields the most. Fruit from LN-fertilized trees were normally distributed across a range of eight box-count size categories, peaking at size 100 both years. In the unfertilized control, fruit size was skewed into smaller size categories and yield was reduced. Total yields were greatest in foliar urea and HN-Apr+May+Jun+Jul treatments, but fruit-size distribution was skewed into smaller categories, peaking at size 138 in the second year. Foliar urea and HN-Apr+May+Jun+Jul treatments produced the highest crop value, but when estimated labor and fertilizer costs were considered, foliar urea and LN-Apr+Jun were the most efficient treatments. Nitrogen fertilizer improved fruit size and market value, but average fruit size in all treatments remained relatively small in both years, indicating that N fertilization alone may not increase fruit size in `GoldRush.'

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization of maize with enhanced-efficiency fertilizer

2019 ◽  
pp. 1383-1387
Author(s):  
Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior ◽  
Antônio Costa ◽  
Roberto dos Anjos Reis Júnior ◽  
Jéssica C. Urbanski Laureth
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Coated Urea

Urea fertilizers coated with polymers are used to optimize nitrogen (N) uptake by crops. However, there are many types of polymers that can be used for coating, leading to differences in observed results. Consequently, validation of this technology to guarantee its viability in agriculture is necessary. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of ammonium- and nitrate-N levels in the soil, maize yield and nutritional status, N fertilization efficiency with Policote® urea coating, and different N doses under various soil and climatic conditions. Three field experiments were carried out to compare the performance of common urea with Policote® coated urea. A (2 x 4) + 1 factorial design with two N sources (common urea and Policote® coated urea), four N doses, and a control treatment (without N) was used. The results showed that Nitrate-N levels in the soil were not affected by the treatments. However, the ammonium-N levels was increased with N fertilization. Higher levels of soil ammonium-N contents were observed in treatments with Policote® coated urea. Foliar nitrogen levels were increased linearly with N doses only in one of the experiments. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased maize yield. Higher yield and N fertilization efficiency were observed in treatments with Policote® coated urea than with common urea.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS OF SEQUENTIALLY GROWN VEGETABLES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1107d-1107
Author(s):  
D. L. Coffey ◽  
R. R. Burnette
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Level ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

Cabbage, tomatoes and broccoli were grown sequentially at three levels of N fertilization with or without black polyethylene mulch in 1988 and 1989. Urea-NH4NO3 at 136, 270 or 404 kg·ha-1 was applied preplant or in triweekly increments via drip irrigation. Economic returns were estimated from wholesale prices and production expenses. Crops receiving the medium and high N levels produced higher yields than those receiving the low N level. Nitrate concentrations in the soil corresponded to the levels applied and declined over the season. Yields of the first crop of the sequence (cabbage) were higher from preplant than from irrigation applied N. Yields of the second crop (tomatoes) were not affected by method of N application. Mulched plots produced higher yields than nonmulched plots. Soil nitrate concentrations were higher from mulched than from nonmulched plots but the rates of decline over the seasons were no different between mulched and nonmulched plots. Estimated net returns among all treatments varied from 20 to 30 and -9 to 5 thousand dollars per hectare in 1988 and 1989, respectively. Tomatoes contributed greatest to the estimated returns. Weather conditions and wholesale prices fluctuated widely between years.

scholarly journals NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AFFECTS MUSCADINE GRAPES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1178c-1178
Author(s):  
James M. Spiers ◽  
John H. Braswell
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
N Source ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Leaf N ◽  
Muscadine Grapes

Leaf concentrations of N, P, K, Fe, and Mn in `Sterling' muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia Michaux) grown for 2 years in sand culture were not influenced by different N fertilizer sources. Leaf Zn and Cu were higher in plants receiving N as NH4NO3 rather than as (NH4)2SO4. Growth was greatest in plants fertilized with NH4NO3 compared to those with either (NH4)2SO4 or NaNO3 fertilization. Leaf Ca, Mg, Mn, and Cu content decreased linearly and leaf N increased linearly as N fertilizer rates were raised from 1.8 to 16.1 mM. Plant growth was a positively correlated with leaf N but was negatively correlated with leaf Ca, Mg, and Mn content. Percent Mg in the leaves was reduced when N levels, regardless of N source, were raised from the low (1.8 mM) to middle (5.4 mM) rate. High leaf N levels were correlated with lower Ca and Mg in the leaves, indicating a possible relationship between N fertilization and the late-season Mg deficiency often observed in muscadine grapes.

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