scholarly journals Effect of Elevated Carbon Dioxide on the Growth and Physiological Responses of Pineapple, A Species with Crassulacean Acid Metabolism

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhu ◽  
Duane P. Bartholomew ◽  
Guillermo Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Diurnal Difference ◽  
Dark Fixation ◽  
Average Plant

Despite the potential impact of rising global CO2 levels, only a limited number of studies have been conducted on the effects of ambient and elevated CO2 on plants having Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). To our knowledge, there are no studies for pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.], the most commercially important CAM plant. Pineapple plants were grown at CO2 levels of ≈330 (ambient) and ≈730 (elevated) μmol·mol-1 in open-top chambers for 4 months. The mean air temperature in the chambers was ≈39 °C day/24 °C night. Average plant dry mass at harvest was 180 g per plant at elevated CO2 and 146 g per plant at ambient CO2. More biomass was partitioned to stem and root but less to leaf for plants grown at elevated CO2; leaf thickness was 11% greater at elevated than at ambient CO2. The diurnal difference in leaf titratable acidity (H+) at elevated CO2 reached 347 mmol·m-2, which was up to 42% greater than levels in plants grown in ambient CO2. Carbon isotopic discrimination (Δ) of plants was 3.75% at ambient CO2 and 3.17% at elevated CO2, indicating that CO2 uptake via the CAM pathway was enhanced more by elevated CO2 than uptake via the C3 pathway. The nonphotochemical quenching coefficient (qN) of leaves was ≈45% lower in the early morning for plants grown at elevated than at ambient CO2, while afternoon values were comparable. The qN data suggested that the fixation of external CO2 was enhanced by elevated CO2 in the morning but not in the afternoon when leaf temperature was ≥40 °C. We found no effect of CO2 levels on leaf N or chlorophyll content. Pineapple dry matter gain was enhanced by elevated CO2, mainly due to increased CO2 dark fixation in environments with day temperatures high enough to suppress C3 photosynthesis.

Sucrose transport across the vacuolar membrane of Ananas comosus

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley R. McRae ◽  
John T. Christopher ◽  
J. Andrew C. Smith ◽  
Joseph A. M. Holtum
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
External Medium ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Sucrose Uptake ◽  
Sucrose Transport

This paper originates from a presentation at the IIIrd International Congress on Crassulacean Acid Metabolism, Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia, August 2001. In Ananas comosus L. (Merr.) (pineapple), a widely cultivated bromeliad that exhibits crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), much of the carbohydrate synthesized during the daytime appears to accumulate as soluble sugars in the vacuole. To investigate the mechanism of sugar transport into the vacuole, microsomal extracts were prepared from deacidifying leaves harvested during Phase III of the CAM cycle. The vesicle preparations exhibited features expected for a fraction highly enriched in vacuolar membranes (tonoplast), i.e. the ATPase activity of 16 ±�2�nkat mg-1 protein was inhibited 96% by 50 mm KNO3, an inhibitor of vacuolar ATPases, and was only 7% inhibited by 100μm NaN3 plus 100μm Na3VO4, inhibitors of mitochondrial and plasma membrane ATPases, respectively. Further, the microsomal ATPase activity showed a pH optimum between 7.0 and 8.0, typical of a vacuolar ATPase. When presented with Mg-ATP, vesicles established H+ gradients that could be maintained for at least 25 min. The vesicles were able to take up [14C]sucrose from an external medium. Sucrose uptake exhibited saturable kinetics with an apparent Km of 50 m sucrose and apparent Vmax of 171 ± 5 pkat mg-1 protein. Sucrose uptake was not dependent upon, nor stimulated by, Mg-ATP, suggesting that the mechanism of sucrose transport into the vacuole in A. comosus does not involve H+-coupled cotransport. However, the initial rates of sucrose uptake from the external medium were stimulated when vesicles were preloaded with sucrose. This trans-stimulation is consistent with characteristics expected for a sucrose uniporter capable of operating in an exchange mode. It is proposed that the accumulation of glucose and fructose in leaf vacuoles of Ananas during the light period involves at least two steps - transport of sucrose into the vacuole by a mechanism exhibiting characteristics of a sucrose uniporter, followed by cleavage of sucrose by a vacuolar acid invertase to form glucose and fructose.

Degrees of crassulacean acid metabolism in tropical epiphytic and lithophytic ferns

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A.M. Holtum ◽  
Klaus Winter
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Carbon Isotope Ratios ◽  
Net Co2 Uptake

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) was observed in three species of tropical ferns, the epiphytes Microsorium punctatum and Polypodium crassifolium and the lithophyte Platycerium veitchii. Polypodium crassifolium and P. veitchii exhibited characteristics of weak CAM. Although no net nocturnal CO2 uptake was observed, the presence of CAM was inferred from nocturnal increases in titratable acidity of 4.7 and 4.1 µequiv (g fr wt)–1 respectively, a reduction in the rates of net CO2 evolution during the first half of the dark period, and the presence of a CAM-like decrease in net CO2 uptake during the early light period. In M. punctatum net CO2 uptake during the first half of the dark period was accompanied by an increase in titratable acidity of 39.2 µequiv (g fr wt)–1 and a pronounced reduction in net CO2 uptake during the early light period. When water was withheld from P. crassifolium and M. punctatum, net CO2 uptake during the light was reduced markedly but there was no change in the extent or patterns of CO2 exhange in the dark. As a consequence, the proportion of carbon gained due to CO2 fixation in the dark increased from 2.8 and 10% to 63.5 and 49.3%, respectively (100% being net CO2 uptake during the light plus the estimated CO2 uptake during the dark). After 9 days without added water, dark CO2 uptake was responsible for the maintenance of a net 24 h carbon gain in P. crassifolium. Platycerium veitchii, P. crassifolium and M. punctatum exhibited carbon isotope ratios of between –25.9 and –22.6‰ indicating that carbon isotope ratios may not, by themselves, be sufficient for the identification of weak CAM. We suggest that CAM may be more prevalent in tropical epiphytic and lithophytic ferns than currently envisaged.

Distribution of crassulacean acid metabolism in orchids of Panama: evidence of selection for weak and strong modes

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia Silvera ◽  
Louis S. Santiago ◽  
Klaus Winter
Keyword(s):  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Cam Photosynthesis ◽  
Nocturnal Acid Accumulation

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is one of three metabolic pathways found in vascular plants for the assimilation of carbon dioxide. In this study, we investigate the occurrence of CAM photosynthesis in 200 native orchid species from Panama and 14 non-native species by carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) and compare these values with nocturnal acid accumulation measured by titration in 173 species. Foliar δ13C showed a bimodal distribution with the majority of species exhibiting values of approximately –28‰ (typically associated with the C3 pathway), or –15‰ (strong CAM). Although thick leaves were related to δ13C values in the CAM range, some thin-leaved orchids were capable of CAM photosynthesis, as demonstrated by acid titration. We also found species with C3 isotopic values and significant acid accumulation at night. Of 128 species with δ13C more negative than –22‰, 42 species showed nocturnal acid accumulation per unit fresh mass characteristic of weakly expressed CAM. These data suggest that among CAM orchids, there may be preferential selection for species to exhibit strong CAM or weak CAM, rather than intermediate metabolism.

Carbon isotope composition and water-use efficiency in plants with crassulacean acid metabolism

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Winter ◽  
Jorge Aranda ◽  
Joseph A. M. Holtum
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Δ13c Value ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Cam Species

The relationship between water-use efficiency, measured as the transpiration ratio (g H2O transpired g–1 above- plus below-ground dry mass accumulated), and 13C / 12C ratio (expressed as δ13C value) of bulk biomass carbon was compared in 15 plant species growing under tropical conditions at two field sites in the Republic of Panama. The species included five constitutive crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) species [Aloe vera (L.) Webb & Berth., Ananas comosus (L.) Merr., Euphorbia tirucalli L., Kalanchoë daigremontiana Hamet et Perr., Kalanchoë pinnata (Lam.) Pers.], two species of tropical C3 trees (Tectona grandis Linn. f. and Swietenia macrophylla King), one C4 species (Zea mays L.), and seven arborescent species of the neotropical genus Clusia, of which two exhibited pronounced CAM. The transpiration ratios of the C3 and CAM species, which ranged between 496 g H2O g–1 dry mass in the C3–CAM species Clusia pratensis Seeman to 54 g H2O g–1 dry mass in the constitutive CAM species Aloe vera, correlated strongly with δ13C values and nocturnal CO2 gain suggesting that δ13C value can be used to estimate both water-use efficiency and the proportion of CO2 gained by CAM species during the light and the dark integrated over the lifetime of the tissues.

scholarly journals Transcript and metabolite changes during the early phase of abscisic acid-mediated induction of crassulacean acid metabolism in Talinum triangulare

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (22) ◽  
pp. 6581-6596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Maleckova ◽  
Dominik Brilhaus ◽  
Thomas J Wrobel ◽  
Andreas P M Weber
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Abscisic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Cam Regulation ◽  
Cam Species ◽  
Talinum Triangulare

Abstract Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) has evolved as a water-saving strategy, and its engineering into crops offers an opportunity to improve their water use efficiency. This requires a comprehensive understanding of the regulation of the CAM pathway. Here, we use the facultative CAM species Talinum triangulare as a model in which CAM can be induced rapidly by exogenous abscisic acid. RNA sequencing and metabolite measurements were employed to analyse the changes underlying CAM induction and identify potential CAM regulators. Non-negative matrix factorization followed by k-means clustering identified an early CAM-specific cluster and a late one, which was specific for the early light phase. Enrichment analysis revealed abscisic acid metabolism, WRKY-regulated transcription, sugar and nutrient transport, and protein degradation in these clusters. Activation of the CAM pathway was supported by up-regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, cytosolic and chloroplastic malic enzymes, and several transport proteins, as well as by increased end-of-night titratable acidity and malate accumulation. The transcription factors HSFA2, NF-YA9, and JMJ27 were identified as candidate regulators of CAM induction. With this study we promote the model species T. triangulare, in which CAM can be induced in a controlled way, enabling further deciphering of CAM regulation.

scholarly journals Occurrence of crassulacean acid metabolism in leaves of Aristolochia bracteata Ritz

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 297-299
Author(s):  
R. B. Deshumukh ◽  
C. V. Murumkar
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Stomatal Behaviour ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuations ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

<em>Aristolochia bracteata</em> Ritz. is a common weed of fallowlands of hot, semi-arid region of Baramati area. High succulence index was noticed in leaf tissues along with marked diurnal fluctuations in titratable acidity status, and pH of leaf sap. Stomatal behaviour also followed typical CAM pattern. All these findings conclude that Crassulacean Acid Metabolism is in operation in this species.

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