Carbon isotope composition and water-use efficiency in plants with crassulacean acid metabolism

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Winter ◽  
Jorge Aranda ◽  
Joseph A. M. Holtum
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Δ13c Value ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Cam Species

The relationship between water-use efficiency, measured as the transpiration ratio (g H2O transpired g–1 above- plus below-ground dry mass accumulated), and 13C / 12C ratio (expressed as δ13C value) of bulk biomass carbon was compared in 15 plant species growing under tropical conditions at two field sites in the Republic of Panama. The species included five constitutive crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) species [Aloe vera (L.) Webb & Berth., Ananas comosus (L.) Merr., Euphorbia tirucalli L., Kalanchoë daigremontiana Hamet et Perr., Kalanchoë pinnata (Lam.) Pers.], two species of tropical C3 trees (Tectona grandis Linn. f. and Swietenia macrophylla King), one C4 species (Zea mays L.), and seven arborescent species of the neotropical genus Clusia, of which two exhibited pronounced CAM. The transpiration ratios of the C3 and CAM species, which ranged between 496 g H2O g–1 dry mass in the C3–CAM species Clusia pratensis Seeman to 54 g H2O g–1 dry mass in the constitutive CAM species Aloe vera, correlated strongly with δ13C values and nocturnal CO2 gain suggesting that δ13C value can be used to estimate both water-use efficiency and the proportion of CO2 gained by CAM species during the light and the dark integrated over the lifetime of the tissues.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship between Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) and Mineral Nutrition with a Special Focus on Nitrogen

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Natália Pereira ◽  
John C. Cushman
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Cam Plants ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Cam Species ◽  
The Relationship

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is characterized by nocturnal CO2 uptake and concentration, reduced photorespiration, and increased water-use efficiency (WUE) when compared to C3 and C4 plants. Plants can perform different types of CAM and the magnitude and duration of CAM expression can change based upon several abiotic conditions, including nutrient availability. Here, we summarize the abiotic factors that are associated with an increase in CAM expression with an emphasis on the relationship between CAM photosynthesis and nutrient availability, with particular focus on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium. Additionally, we examine nitrogen uptake and assimilation as this macronutrient has received the greatest amount of attention in studies using CAM species. We also discuss the preference of CAM species for different organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen, including nitrate, ammonium, glutamine, and urea. Lastly, we make recommendations for future research areas to better understand the relationship between macronutrients and CAM and how their interaction might improve nutrient and water-use efficiency in order to increase the growth and yield of CAM plants, especially CAM crops that may become increasingly important as global climate change continues.

scholarly journals Engineering crassulacean acid metabolism to improve water-use efficiency

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Borland ◽  
James Hartwell ◽  
David J. Weston ◽  
Karen A. Schlauch ◽  
Timothy J. Tschaplinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Use Efficiency

Use of infrared thermography for monitoring crassulacean acid metabolism

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwyn J. Barkla ◽  
Timothy Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Cam Plants ◽  
Use Efficiency

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is an alternative carbon fixation pathway that imparts high water-use efficiency in plants adapted to warm, semiarid climates. With concerns that global warming will negatively influence crop production, turning agricultural focus towards CAM plants may provide a solution to increase productivity using either unconventional crops on marginal land or incorporating CAM molecular mechanisms into conventional crops and improving water-use efficiency. For this to be feasible, deeper insights into CAM pathway regulation are essential. To facilitate this research new tools which simplify procedures for detecting and measuring CAM are needed. Here we describe a non-invasive, non-destructive, simplified method using infrared thermography for monitoring CAM in the annual desert succulent Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. via detection of changes in leaf temperature brought about by the absence of transpiration due to daytime reduction in stomatal conductance. This method is sensitive, measuring temperature differences of ± 1°C, can be used in both the field and green house and is not restricted by leaf architecture. It offers an alternative to the commonly used gas exchange methods to measure CAM that are technically difficult to acquire and require the use of expensive and cumbersome equipment.

scholarly journals Effect of cattle manure on sunflower production and water use in two types of soil

Revista CERES ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco das Chagas Fernandes Maia Filho ◽  
Evandro Franklin de Mesquita ◽  
Hugo Orlando Carvallo Guerra ◽  
Mácio Farias Moura ◽  
Lúcia Helena Garófalo Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The aim of the present study was to evaluate water consumption, use efficiency and yield components of sunflower variety Embrapa 122 V/2000 cultivated in two types of soil (Fluvissol and Haplic Luvisol) subjected to increasing doses of cattle manure. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme. The irrigation was performed every other day, replacing the water absorbed by the plants. The water consumption and the use efficiency were evaluated, being the use efficiency determined by the ratio of the total dry mass of sunflower and the amount of water used to produce it in each treatment. Plants were harvested at 95 days after sowing when the following parameters were evaluated: number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per plant, weight of 1000 seeds and the outer diameter of the capitulum (head). The results showed that the sunflower was positively affected by cattle manure application, increasing the production components and the water use efficiency, regardless of the type of soil. Excepting for the 1000 seeds weight and the water use efficiency, the type of soil affected significantly the water use, the number and weight of seeds per plant. The plants cultivated in Haplic Luvisol had a better performance.

The effect of drought on plant water use efficiency of nine NAD - ME and nine NADP - ME Australian C4 grasses

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oula Ghannoum ◽  
Susanne von Caemmerer ◽  
Jann P. Conroy
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
C4 Grasses ◽  
Use Efficiency

We investigated the response to drought of nine NAD–malic enzyme (NAD–ME) and nine NADP–malic enzyme (NADP–ME) C4 grasses. Species were grown from seeds in potted soil in a glasshouse. Seedlings were either watered regularly or exposed to two successive drying cycles of 8–10 d each, after which plants were harvested. Under well-watered conditions, average water use efficiency (WUE; dry mass gain per unit water transpired) was similar for NAD–ME and NADP–ME C4 grasses, and ranged between 6.0 and 8.7 g dry mass kg–1 H2O. Drought enhanced WUE of most species, but to a significantly greater extent in NAD–ME (1.20-fold) than NADP–ME (1.11-fold) grasses. Inhibition of dry matter accumulation (average of 12%) and shoot elongation under drought was similar among the C4 grasses. Leaf dry matter carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope compositions were significantly different between the two C4 subtypes. Leaf δ13C averaged –13.3 and –12.2, and leaf δ18O averaged 26.0 and 26.9 in well-watered NAD–ME and NADP–ME grasses, respectively. Drought significantly reduced leaf δ13C in most C4 grasses by an average 0.5. Leaf δ18O was not significantly affected by drought, indicating that leaf δ18O does not reflect drought-induced changes in leaf transpiration of C4 grasses. In the experiment reported here, NAD–ME grasses increased their WUE under drought to a greater extent than their NADP–ME counterparts. Increased WUE of the C4 grasses under drought was primarily related to control of water loss relative to carbon gain at the leaf, rather than the plant, level.

scholarly journals Transcript and metabolite changes during the early phase of abscisic acid-mediated induction of crassulacean acid metabolism in Talinum triangulare

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (22) ◽  
pp. 6581-6596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Maleckova ◽  
Dominik Brilhaus ◽  
Thomas J Wrobel ◽  
Andreas P M Weber
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Abscisic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Cam Regulation ◽  
Cam Species ◽  
Talinum Triangulare

Abstract Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) has evolved as a water-saving strategy, and its engineering into crops offers an opportunity to improve their water use efficiency. This requires a comprehensive understanding of the regulation of the CAM pathway. Here, we use the facultative CAM species Talinum triangulare as a model in which CAM can be induced rapidly by exogenous abscisic acid. RNA sequencing and metabolite measurements were employed to analyse the changes underlying CAM induction and identify potential CAM regulators. Non-negative matrix factorization followed by k-means clustering identified an early CAM-specific cluster and a late one, which was specific for the early light phase. Enrichment analysis revealed abscisic acid metabolism, WRKY-regulated transcription, sugar and nutrient transport, and protein degradation in these clusters. Activation of the CAM pathway was supported by up-regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, cytosolic and chloroplastic malic enzymes, and several transport proteins, as well as by increased end-of-night titratable acidity and malate accumulation. The transcription factors HSFA2, NF-YA9, and JMJ27 were identified as candidate regulators of CAM induction. With this study we promote the model species T. triangulare, in which CAM can be induced in a controlled way, enabling further deciphering of CAM regulation.

scholarly journals Growth, Water-Use Efficiency, Stomatal Conductance, and Nitrogen Uptake of Two Lettuce Cultivars Grown under Different Percentages of Blue and Red Light

Horticulturae ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Clavijo-Herrera ◽  
Edzard van Santen ◽  
Celina Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Use Efficiency

The objective of this study was to characterize growth, water-use efficiency (WUE), stomatal conductance (gs), SPAD index values, and shoot nitrogen uptake of two lettuce cultivars grown under different percentages of blue and red light. The treatments evaluated were 100% red; 7% blue + 93% red; 26% blue + 74% red; 42% blue + 58% red; 66% blue + 34% red; and 100% blue. Broad-spectrum (19% blue, 43% green, and 38% red) light was used to observe the effects of wavelength interactions. All of the treatments provided an average daily light integral (DLI) of 17.5 mol·m‒2·d‒1 (270 ± 5 µmol·m‒2·s‒1 over an 18-h photoperiod). The experiment was replicated three times over time; each terminated 21 days after treatment initiation. Leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA), and SPAD index had a similar response in that all of the parameters increased with up to 66% blue light, and slightly decreased or remained constant with 100% blue light. In contrast, leaf number, shoot dry mass, and WUE generally decreased in response to blue light. Conversely, for every 10% increase in blue light, gs increased by 10 mmol·m‒2·s‒1. Nitrogen uptake was unaffected by light quality. Our findings indicate that when grown under different blue and red photon flux ratios, the WUE of lettuce significantly decreases under higher blue light, which could be attributed to a reduction in plant growth (leaf number and dry mass), and an increase in gs. However, green light within broad-spectrum lamps might counteract blue-light mediated effects on gs and WUE in lettuce.

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