scholarly journals Inbreeding, Coancestry, and Founding Clones of Sweet Cherries from North America

2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheol Choi ◽  
Frank Kappel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
North America ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sweet Cherries

Inbreeding and coancestry coefficients were calculated for 66 sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) selections released from four breeding programs in North America (HRIO, Vineland, Ont., IAREC, Prosser, Wash., NYSAES, Geneva, N.Y., and PARC, Summerland, B.C.). Highly used founding clones were `Black Heart', `Emperor Francis', `Empress Eugenie', `Napoleon' and `Windsor'. Coefficients of coancestry between all selections and these clones averaged 0.038, 0.045, 0.060, 0.091, and 0.033, respectively. In these five founding clones, coefficients of coancestry in self-compatible selections were over twice as much as those in self-incompatible selections except `Windsor'. In the analysis of coefficients of coancestry between self-incompatible and self-compatible sweet cherry, almost 20% of self-incompatible selections represent more than a half-sib relationship (0.125) to self-compatibles. Increasing and maintaining genetic diversity is needed in sweet cherry breeding program in North America for continued breeding progress.

scholarly journals Genetic characterisation of autochthonous sweet cherry genotypes (Prunus avium L.) using SSR markers

Genetika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Tanja Krmpot ◽  
Ljubomir Rados ◽  
Ales Vokurka
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Identity Group ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Minimum Number

The autochthonous local genotypes of sweet cherries, which represent a very important genetic potential for future breeding programs. Understanding of the molecular basis biodiversity is one of the most important factors for the proper conservation, management and use of plant genetic resources. This paper investigate the genetic variability of 14 genotypes of sweet cherries using 26 SSR markers. The study included eight autochthonous genotypes of sweet cherry taken from four different location and six virus-free reference varieties of sweet cherry. The average genetic distance between them was 0.43. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to eight. The minimum number of two alleles of polymorphic loci showed EMPa003 and EMPa002, while the highest number of eight loci alleles had PceGA34 and UDP97-402. Results of genetic analysis that were done show that between autochthonous genotypes of sweet cherries ?Biljur-Bjelica?, ?Barevka? and ?Aslamka? (Kriskovci) there was no difference, it is to have the same genetic profil, which indicates that is the synonym, it is the same identity group. Also the autochthonous genotype ?Crveni Hrust? and ?Nordwunder? cultivar had the same SSR profile on microsatellite loci tested. The remaining autochthonous genotypes of sweet cherry had a unique genetic profile.

scholarly journals Variability of Old Sweet Cherries Found in Slovak Regions and Their Preservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
Michaela Benková ◽  
Iveta Čičová ◽  
Daniela Benedikova ◽  
Lubomir Mendel ◽  
Miroslav Glasa
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Prunus Avium L

Abstract The work is focused on the evaluation of variability of morphological and pomological characteristics of several old sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) that were found in different Slovak regions. The experimental work has been performed during two years, 2014 and 2015. The following characteristics according to the descriptor list of subgenus Cerasus were evaluated - period of flowering and ripening, morphological characteristics of the flowers, fruit size, fruit weight, and quality parameters. The results showed high variability of evaluated accessions. From the 13 surveyed localities, the most valuable accessions were found in the locality Hornį Streda - places Čachtice, Krakovany, Nitra, and Brdárka. During the collecting expeditions, 170 accessions of sweet cherry, with fruit of the different quality were found. The most interesting accessions were grafted onto rootstocks with different intensity of growth (Prunus avium L., Prunus mahaleb L., and ‘Gisela5’). Some of the selected cherry accessions can be used for commercial growing after tests, while some of them can be used only for collection of genetic resources and as potential genitors in breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and molecular characterization of a set of tropical maize inbred lines from a public breeding program in Brazil

BMC Genomics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirlene Viana de Faria ◽  
Leandro Tonello Zuffo ◽  
Wemerson Mendonça Rezende ◽  
Diego Gonçalves Caixeta ◽  
Hélcio Duarte Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Public ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines

Abstract Background The characterization of genetic diversity and population differentiation for maize inbred lines from breeding programs is of great value in assisting breeders in maintaining and potentially increasing the rate of genetic gain. In our study, we characterized a set of 187 tropical maize inbred lines from the public breeding program of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) in Brazil based on 18 agronomic traits and 3,083 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers to evaluate whether this set of inbred lines represents a panel of tropical maize inbred lines for association mapping analysis and investigate the population structure and patterns of relationships among the inbred lines from UFV for better exploitation in our maize breeding program. Results Our results showed that there was large phenotypic and genotypic variation in the set of tropical maize inbred lines from the UFV maize breeding program. We also found high genetic diversity (GD = 0.34) and low pairwise kinship coefficients among the maize inbred lines (only approximately 4.00 % of the pairwise relative kinship was above 0.50) in the set of inbred lines. The LD decay distance over all ten chromosomes in the entire set of maize lines with r2 = 0.1 was 276,237 kb. Concerning the population structure, our results from the model-based STRUCTURE and principal component analysis methods distinguished the inbred lines into three subpopulations, with high consistency maintained between both results. Additionally, the clustering analysis based on phenotypic and molecular data grouped the inbred lines into 14 and 22 genetic divergence clusters, respectively. Conclusions Our results indicate that the set of tropical maize inbred lines from UFV maize breeding programs can comprise a panel of tropical maize inbred lines suitable for a genome-wide association study to dissect the variation of complex quantitative traits in maize, mainly in tropical environments. In addition, our results will be very useful for assisting us in the assignment of heterotic groups and the selection of the best parental combinations for new breeding crosses, mapping populations, mapping synthetic populations, guiding crosses that target highly heterotic and yielding hybrids, and predicting untested hybrids in the public breeding program UFV.

SWEET CHERRY (PRUNUS AVIUM L.) BREEDING PROGRAM IN SOUTHERN SPAIN

2014 ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. López-Corrales ◽  
J.R. Mateos ◽  
M.V. Alarcón ◽  
P. Bañuls ◽  
F. Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Prunus Avium L

scholarly journals The Profile and Content of Polyphenols and Carotenoids in Local and Commercial Sweet Cherry Fruits (Prunus avium L.) and Their Antioxidant Activity In Vitro

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Średnicka-Tober ◽  
Alicja Ponder ◽  
Ewelina Hallmann ◽  
Agnieszka Głowacka ◽  
Elżbieta Rozpara
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Prunus Avium L

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the content of a number of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of fruits of selected local and commercial sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars. The experiment showed that the selected cultivars of sweet cherries differ significantly in the content of polyphenolic compounds and carotenoids. The fruits of commercial sweet cherry cultivars were, on average, richer in polyphenols (the sum of phenolic compounds determined chromatographically), flavonoids, as well as anthocyanins and were characterized by higher antioxidant activity when compared to the local, traditional cultivars. In the group of the traditional sweet cherry cultivars, particular attention could be paid to Black Late cv., showing the highest antioxidant activity of fruits. In the group of commercial sweet cherry cultivars, Cordia and Sylvia fruits could be recognized as being rich in bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity. Yellow skin cultivars were characterized by the highest concentrations of carotenoids. Strong positive correlations between the identified bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of fruits were also found. Although different cultivars of sweet cherries show a high variability in phenolics and carotenoids profiles as well as in the antioxidant activity of fruits, they all should be, similarly to other types of cherries, recognized as a rich source of bioactive compounds with an antioxidant potential.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of a Novel Robigovirus Species from Sweet Cherry in Turkey

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadriye Çağlayan ◽  
Vahid Roumi ◽  
Mona Gazel ◽  
Eminur Elçi ◽  
Mehtap Acioğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Cherry Tree ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Reading Frames

High throughput sequencing of total RNA isolated from symptomatic leaves of a sweet cherry tree (Prunus avium cv. 0900 Ziraat) from Turkey identified a new member of the genus Robigovirus designated cherry virus Turkey (CVTR). The presence of the virus was confirmed by electron microscopy and overlapping RT-PCR for sequencing its whole-genome. The virus has a ssRNA genome of 8464 nucleotides which encodes five open reading frames (ORFs) and comprises two non-coding regions, 5′ UTR and 3′ UTR of 97 and 296 nt, respectively. Compared to the five most closely related robigoviruses, RdRp, TGB1, TGB2, TGB3 and CP share amino acid identities ranging from 43–53%, 44–60%, 39–43%, 38–44% and 45–50%, respectively. Unlike the four cherry robigoviruses, CVTR lacks ORFs 2a and 5a. Its genome organization is therefore more similar to African oil palm ringspot virus (AOPRV). Using specific primers, the presence of CVTR was confirmed in 15 sweet cherries and two sour cherries out of 156 tested samples collected from three regions in Turkey. Among them, five samples were showing slight chlorotic symptoms on the leaves. It seems that CVTR infects cherry trees with or without eliciting obvious symptoms, but these data should be confirmed by bioassays in woody and possible herbaceous hosts in future studies.

Screening sweet cherry cultivars from the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre Summerland breeding program for resistance to brown rot (Monilinia fructicola)

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kappeland ◽  
Peter L Sholberg
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Food Research ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Recently released cultivars and advanced selections of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) from the breeding program at the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre at Summerland, British Columbia, were screened for resistance to brown rot [Monilinia fructicola (Wint.)]. From 2000 to 2003 a range of sweet cherries were inoculated by spraying with a conidial suspension of 1 × 104 colony-forming units per mL of Monilinia fructicola, placed in a growth chamber at 13°C and rated for rot at 8 and 11 d after inoculation. The response of cultivars or selections varied from year to year. In 2000, 10 of 14 cultivars had disease incidences of over 50% by day 8, whereas, in 2002, only 2 of 19 cultivars had disease incidences greater than 50%. Staccato™, Stardust and Sweetheart were in the least susceptible category, that is, the percent rot infection was significantly less than the mean of all genotypes in 2 of the 4 yr. Santina, Skeena, and 13N-07-32 were in the least susceptible category in 1 of 4 yr. The level of resistance to brown rot was not very high. For the least susceptible cultivars such as Staccato™, Stardust, or Sweetheart, the level of resistance was not high enough to grow the crop without fungicide applications. Key words: Prunus avium, resistance, inoculation

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