scholarly journals Occupational risks in the aviation industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
I. A. Ryabchikova ◽  
A. V. Petyukova
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Maximum Permissible Level ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
The Republic

The Russian aviation industry is one of the most important high-tech and science-intensive branches of machine building. The aircraft building enterprises employ about 150 thousand workers, whose conditions do not meet sanitary and hygienic requirements. The purpose of the article is to analyze working conditions and assess occupational health risks for aviation workers on the example of an aircraft plant. The object of research is Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant, which is the largest enterprise in the Republic of Buryatia and part of Russian Helicopters JSC. It was found that the risk of occupational diseases is determined by harmful physical (industrial noise) and chemical (harmful substances) factors, as well as severity of the labor process. The largest deviations of the levels of professional risk from the maximum permissible level were revealed for the follwoing professions "screenman", "assembler" and "assembler of hydraulic units". The risks are "high" and "medium". For upholsterer and regulators of electromechanical and radio-technical equipment, the risks are within the permissible working conditions. It is necessary to reduce professional risks by modernizing production and its technological processes: replacing obsolete equipment with modern one, introducing the best available technologies, and automating processes.

scholarly journals Assessment criteria of individual occupational risks in nuclear industry employees

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
N. A. Isaeva ◽  
A. P. Bobrov ◽  
V. I. Sedin ◽  
V. Yu. Scheblanov
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Health Loss ◽  
Health Group ◽  
The Russian Federation

Relevance. In the concept of long-term development of social and economic policy of the Russian Federation, the problem of preservation and strengthening of employees’ health is given a top priority and requires improvement of the citizen health protection. Risk assessment and, in particular, occupational risk assessment is part of the process that includes probability analysis of dangerous events for employees’ health and decision-making about the necessity of risk reduction. The principles of prevention and constant improvement of the assessment system and occupational risk management in accordance with the Concept of demographic policy of the Russian Federation have determined the relevance of this research.Purpose: To assess individual occupational risks in employees based on regular medical examination data and obligatory psychophysiological tests.Methodology. Due to the absence of professional diseases associated with the exposure to ionizing radiation and a low level of work-related injuries at high-tech nuclear enterprises, it is not reasonable to consider current indicators of occupational risk and working conditions while assessing individual occupational risks. Classes of working conditions in terms of harm and danger, the employee’s health group, the presence of work-related diseases and the level of allostatic load are sufficient for practical assessment.Results and analysis. The article presents the formula for calculating the allostatic load index based on the psychophysiological examination data, which are mandatory for periodic medical examinations of nuclear industry workers. A one-dimensional multi-parameter indicator and critical rules to assess employee health loss were developed, along with a regression model to forecast the employee health loss by classes of working conditions. The risk matrix was developed to assess the individual occupational risks.Conclusion. For the high-tech nuclear industry, where the safety culture is monitored at the enterprises in accordance with the IAEA recommendations, the classes of working conditions in terms of harm and danger, the employee’s health group, the group of work-related hazards and the level of allostatic load are sufficient for practical assessment of individual occupational risks. 

scholarly journals The influence of the level of illumination of workplaces on working conditions (on the example of the Republic of Kazakhstan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
R. B. Shirvanov
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Artificial Illumination ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
Industrial Injuries ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity

The problem of industrial injuries and occupational diseases of workers is relevant for all countries, including the Republic of Kazakhstan, where more than 200 people die every year and more than 2,000 are injured at workplaces due to hazardous and harmful production factors, including insufficient natural or artificial illumination of workplaces. The aim of the work is to study the level of illumination of workplaces at enterprises of the Republic of Kazakhstan and to establish the influence of this factor on the working conditions. The object of the study is workplaces and employees of one of the largest machine-building plants, where 60 employees were interviewed, and instrumental measurements of illumination levels were performed in two workshops. The questionnaire method and methods for assessing workplaces by the level of illumination were used. The analysis showed that the largest number of surveyed workers (58.4%) were not satisfied with the level of illumination; according to the instrumental measurements of illumination, 40.9% and 46.6% of workplaces were harmful and dangerous. Employees working under harmful conditions are entitled to a number of benefits and compensations. Thus, the creation of rational working conditions, including illumination of workplaces, helps to minimize injuries and occupational diseases and increase the efficiency and productivity of labor. 

Assessment of occupational risks based on consolidated databases on working conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Alekseevna Muldasheva ◽  
Liliya Kazymovna Karimova ◽  
Tatyana Kensarinovna Larionova ◽  
Elmira Radikovna Shaikhlislamova
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Production Control ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Special Assessment ◽  
The Impact

The methodology for assessing occupational risks currently occupies a priority place in assessing the impact of production factors on the health of workers. The main sources of information for assessing the levels of occupational risks include data obtained in the course of state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance, a special assessment of working conditions and production control. To date, there is a need to harmonize legislation on a special assessment of working conditions and sanitary and hygienic requirements in terms of the list of factors of the working environment and the labor process subject to research and measurement. An adequate assessment of occupational risks is possible only on the basis of the use of consolidated databases on working conditions obtained from various sources.

scholarly journals Management of high-tech production at a multilevel integrated enterprise using production flow standards (on the example of the aviation industry)

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
A. M. Kovalev ◽  
O. A. Afanasieva
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Virtual Enterprise ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Production Flow ◽  
Serial Production ◽  
Production Management System

A virtual enterprise providing various stages of production of complex machine-building products by a network of interacting organizations is considered. The imperfection of the production management system within the framework of a virtual enterprise of this type is noted and it is proposed to improve it with the help of non-traditional application of production flow standards (PFS), extending this concept to the virtual enterprise as a whole. The composition of production flow standards, both traditional and non-traditional, which should be formed in the information systems of organizations, forming a virtual enterprise, is given. The procedure for the formation of production flow standards in these information systems and the procedure for their use for managing serial production management are considered. Recommendations on methods for calculating non-traditional production flow standards are formulated. The main projects that determine the practical implementation of proposals for the non-traditional application of production flow standards are indicated. 

Influence of Working Conditions of Priority Sectors of the Economy of Kazakhstan on the Formation of Occupational Risks

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
S.A. Bekeeva ◽  
◽  
N.G. Dzhumagulova ◽  
Zh.Kh. Esbenbetova ◽  
A.E. Tanabaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
High Degree

Occupational risk assessment was carried out for the employees of 956 different professions of 20 enterprises under study in five sectors of the economy: construction, mining, manufacturing, agriculture, transportation, and warehousing. The study was conducted using the Methodological Recommendation on the implementation of the occupational risk management system at an enterprise. This Methodological Recommendation was developed by the Republican state enterprise on the right of economic management — Republican Scientific Research Institute for Labour Protection of Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Occupational risks were assessed in the context of specific professions and structural divisions of the enterprises by five indicators: harmful working conditions, injury risk of the labor process, safety of production equipment, availability of personal protective equipment, and risk of morbidity. Based on the results of the assessment, the degree of individual occupational risk on each assessed indicator is determined by five gradations: I — acceptable risk, II — low, III — medium, IV — high and V — very high. According to the results of the occupational risk assessment, a high risk (4 degree) was established at the enterprises of mining, construction, agricultural industries, as well as transport, and warehousing industries. According to the results of equipment safety assessment, a high risk (grade IV) was identified at the enterprises of transport and mining industries. Due to the low provision with the personal protective equipment and its non-compliance with the certification requirements, a high risk is assigned to the enterprises of mining and construction industries. It is established that a high degree of occupational risk is due to the injury risk of working conditions, insufficient provision of personal protective equipment along with their low quality, the severity and intensity of the labor process accompanied by a high degree of the employees morbidity, as well as the use of the outdated equipment in production.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF OCCUPATIONAL RISKS OF EMPLOYEES OF THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY, ACCORDING TO A PERIODIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION AND MANDATORY PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 892-896
Author(s):  
Aleksandr F. Bobrov ◽  
N. A. Isaeva ◽  
M. Yu. Kalinina ◽  
V. Yu. Sedin ◽  
V. Yu. Shcheblanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Industrial Injuries ◽  
Individual Professional

The article is devoted to the assessment of occupational risks of employees of the nuclear industry. A literature review on currently used indices of occupational risks and working conditions on high-tech enterprises of the nuclear industry has shown that because of ther lack of occupational diseases related to exposure to ionizing radiation, and low level of industrial injuries, these indices are not appropriate for the inclusion in the evaluation of the individual professional risk. Classes of working conditions according to hazards and risk group health of the worker, work-related diseases and the level of allostatic load are sufficient for the practical assessment. The given formula for the calculation of the index of allostatic load according to psycho-physiological examinations as the part of the modern legislation is required to implement periodic medical examinations of workers of the nuclear industry. A developed one-dimensional multiparameter index and decision rules describe the level of the loss of health of the employee. The constructed regression model for classes of working conditions allows predict the level of losses of health of the employee. A risk matrix was developed for the evaluation of individual professional risk.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE INCIDENCE OF PRISONERS ACCORDING TO IN-DEPTH MEDICAL EXAMINATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
M.I. Timerzyanov
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
Working Zone ◽  
Condi Tions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
The Impact

The article describes the working conditions of convicts involved in productions in penal colonies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Republic of Tatarstan, and presents the data of detection of diseases they have in in-depth medical examination. The target of the work is to study the impact of sanitary and hazardous working condi-tions in the colonies, located on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, the emergence of non-communicable diseases identified by the results of in-depth medical examinations of prisoners engaged in various industries. Sanitary and hygienic assessment of working condi-tions of prisoners in various industries was evaluated by a set of unfavorable factors of work-ing environment and labor process: noise, light and vibration level, content in the air of the working zone of hazardous chemicals, physical overload, working position, the presence of sensory load, monotony of work. Analysis of morbidity among prisoners showed that among those with temporary dis-ability diseases in all industries the most common are acute respiratory infections and influ-enza, as well as diseases of the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and nervous systems. As a result of in-depth medical examination of working prisoners revealed a high incidence of hy-pertension in the foundry workers, garment production and a machine shop. Analyzing the detection of diseases in-depth medical examinations according to the age found obvious increase with age incidence of hypertension. It was prove the connection of age and the number of cases of chronic bronchitis with increasing age. As a result of the data concluded that the sanitary and hygienic assessment of working conditions of prisoners, revealing a complex of unfavorable factors of working environment and labor process – the basis for the development of sanitary measures to optimize working conditions and the prevention of diseases among prisoners.

Working conditions and occupational risks of anterior eye pathology in metalworking machine operators

2020 ◽  
pp. 462-467
Author(s):  
N. I. Latyshevskaya ◽  
M. A. Alborova ◽  
L. A. Davydenko ◽  
A. V. Belyaevа
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Machine Operators ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Visual Organ

Introduction. The profession of “machine operator in metalworking”, one of the most common professions in various industries, characterized by a large volume of abrasive operations, accompanied by dust formation, which creates a potential for the occurrence of diseases of the visual organ.The aim of the study is to provide a hygienic assessment of working conditions and occupational risk of visual organ pathology in metalworking machine operators.Materials and methods. Observation groups — machine operators for metalworking of two training groups (experience up to 5 years, experience of 6–20 years). Two comparison groups (administrative and technical personnel of the enterprise) are formed according to the same age-experience principle.Results. The working conditions of machine operators were classified as class 3.2. taking into account the severity and intensity of the work process and the noise level (80 dBA) in the workplace. Nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, and manganese were registered in the air of the working area in concentrations below the permissible concentration (PC), and the aerosol dihydroxide was registered above the PC in 25.8% of cases. In the main working groups, diseases of the anterior segment of the eye were more often registered, among which dry eye syndrome (DYS) prevailed (94.1%), chronic blepharoconjunctivitis (79.9%), persistent corneal opacification (21.7%). There was an increase in the prevalence of detected diseases with an increase in work experience (p≤0.05). In machine operators, the frequency of inhibition of lacrimal formation and decreased stability of the tear film was recorded significantly more often, with increasing work experience, the degree of violation of lacrimal formation and stability of the tear film increased. The chances of detecting pathology of the anterior segment of the eye in machine operators are 5.9 and 3.5 times higher than in the comparison group. There are different forces of connection, increasing with the increase of work experience in the profession, between the working conditions of machine operators and the occurrence of SHG (relatively strong), with chronic blepharoconjunctivitis and persistent corneal opacity (medium strength), which suggests the professional conditionality of this pathology.Conclusions. The results obtained suggest that the pathology of the anterior segment of the eye is professionally conditioned in metalworking machine operators and necessitate the introduction of preventive measures aimed at protecting the visual organ.

An occupational hazard of workers of wagon-repair production

2019 ◽  
pp. 272-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina V. Kurenkova ◽  
Natalia A. Sudeikina ◽  
Elizaveta P. Lemeshevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Wagon Wheel ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
Very High

Introduction. Professional groups of railway workers engaged in the repair of wagons are directly responsible for the safety of railway traffic. The analysis of literature testifies to insufficient attention of researchers to the hygienic problems associated with labor activity of workers of wagon-repair production.The aim of the study is to assess the occupational risk to the health of wagon repair workers, due to the impact on them of factors of the working environment and the labor process.Materials and methods. The study used comprehensive hygienic studies using the methodology of occupational risk to worker’s health.Results. The leading factors of the working environment (class of working conditions 3.2–3.4), which are exposed to workers depending on the specifics of the work performed. Identified professional groups with medium (significant) high (unbearable) and very high (intolerable) category of a priori occupational risk: in wagon meintenance workshop — 17 groups (94% of jobs), in a wagon assembly workshop — 11 groups (80% jobs), in wagon wheel workshop — 3 group (100% jobs). At the same time, according to the request for medical care, employees were diagnosed with isolated cases of occupational diseases.The levels of morbidity with temporary disability of employees of the main workshops are statistically significant (p<0.05) higher than those of the control group in 1.4–1.9 times. The influence of the complex of chemical factors of low and medium intensity on the levels of morbidity of respiratory diseases in the group of workers of the wagon wheel workshop, which were 1.7–2.0 times higher than in the control group, is confirmed by the average degree of causation of the production condition of this pathology (RR=1.7; EF=42.0%).The combined effect of vibration and severity of the labor process forms a high level of temporary disability of employees of the main workshops in connection with diseases of the musculoskeletal system, which was 2.7–4.4 times higher than in the control group, and also determines the prevalence of this pathology in the structure of diseases detected on medical examinations (23.2%). Diseases of the musculoskeletal system are caused by the production of employees of the wagon meintenance workshop (RR=3,9; EF=74,9%), as the most unfavorable in terms of hygiene on these factors.The stressful influence of the complex of harmful production factors on the health of wagon repair workers is manifested by the high risk of diseases of the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, neurological disorders, violation of adaptation of the cardiovascular system in 97% of the examined, as well as the predominance of diseases of the digestive system and circulatory system detected on periodic medical examinations.Conclusions. Harmful working conditions (class 3.1–3.4) cause the suspected occupational risk from small (moderate) to very high (intolerable) to 100% of the jobs of wagon repair workers. The results of the study of morbidity and risk of pathology indicate a significant risk of damage to the health of workers.

Organizational-economic mechanism of regional development of high-tech engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
M. S. Abrashkin
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Design ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Statistical Interpretation ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Engineering Information ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
Interpretation Of Results

The article contains a study on the prospective tendencies and problems of the development of science-intensive enterprises of rocket and space engineering. Information base of statistical interpretation of results, using methods of logical analysis, synthesis of information and graphical interpretation of results. It was revealed that the primary tasks in the development of science-intensive enterprises of the rocket and space machine-building are the instability of financial results, the state monopoly on organizational design and ensuring the increase in the quality of products. It was proved that the development of rocket and space machine-building enterprises requires improvement of the levers and methods of state regulation of the industry and attraction of private investors. It is also necessary to concentrate all functions and levers of management of the space industry, especially in terms of financial flows, product quality, control of production activities.

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