Working conditions and occupational risks of anterior eye pathology in metalworking machine operators

2020 ◽  
pp. 462-467
Author(s):  
N. I. Latyshevskaya ◽  
M. A. Alborova ◽  
L. A. Davydenko ◽  
A. V. Belyaevа
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Machine Operators ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Visual Organ

Introduction. The profession of “machine operator in metalworking”, one of the most common professions in various industries, characterized by a large volume of abrasive operations, accompanied by dust formation, which creates a potential for the occurrence of diseases of the visual organ.The aim of the study is to provide a hygienic assessment of working conditions and occupational risk of visual organ pathology in metalworking machine operators.Materials and methods. Observation groups — machine operators for metalworking of two training groups (experience up to 5 years, experience of 6–20 years). Two comparison groups (administrative and technical personnel of the enterprise) are formed according to the same age-experience principle.Results. The working conditions of machine operators were classified as class 3.2. taking into account the severity and intensity of the work process and the noise level (80 dBA) in the workplace. Nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, and manganese were registered in the air of the working area in concentrations below the permissible concentration (PC), and the aerosol dihydroxide was registered above the PC in 25.8% of cases. In the main working groups, diseases of the anterior segment of the eye were more often registered, among which dry eye syndrome (DYS) prevailed (94.1%), chronic blepharoconjunctivitis (79.9%), persistent corneal opacification (21.7%). There was an increase in the prevalence of detected diseases with an increase in work experience (p≤0.05). In machine operators, the frequency of inhibition of lacrimal formation and decreased stability of the tear film was recorded significantly more often, with increasing work experience, the degree of violation of lacrimal formation and stability of the tear film increased. The chances of detecting pathology of the anterior segment of the eye in machine operators are 5.9 and 3.5 times higher than in the comparison group. There are different forces of connection, increasing with the increase of work experience in the profession, between the working conditions of machine operators and the occurrence of SHG (relatively strong), with chronic blepharoconjunctivitis and persistent corneal opacity (medium strength), which suggests the professional conditionality of this pathology.Conclusions. The results obtained suggest that the pathology of the anterior segment of the eye is professionally conditioned in metalworking machine operators and necessitate the introduction of preventive measures aimed at protecting the visual organ.

scholarly journals Working conditions and occupational health risks for workers employed at bakeries

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 809-815
Author(s):  
Tamara A. Novikova ◽  
Yuliya A. Aleshina ◽  
Igor N. Lucevich ◽  
Shavkat Zh. Musaev
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Occupational Factors ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Effect Relation

Introduction. Workers employed at bakeries are exposed to hazardous occupational factors at their workplaces; however, issues related to occupational health disorders occurring in them have not been given sufficient attention.Material and methods. We accomplished complex hygienic research on working conditions and the health of workers employed at a bakery using a procedure for occupational health risk calculation.Results. Workers employed at a bakery are exposed to a set of adverse factors (heating microclimate, flour dust, in-plant noise, poor luminance in work areas, hard labor process) that make their working conditions hazardous (belonging to 3.1 – 3.3 hazard degree). It means their occupational risks rank from insignificant (moderate) to high (intolerable). Heating microclimate and physical overloads were determined as priority risk factors. We revealed a positive average correlation (r=0.56) between chronic somatic pathology prevalence in general and work experience. We also detected direct authentic correlations between work experience under hazardous working conditions and diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissues (r=0.34); upper respiratory tracts (r=0.31); circulatory system (r=0.26) (р<0.01, р<0.001, р<0.001, accordingly). We established a strong cause-and-effect relation between occupation and diseases of the eye and its adnexa (RR=2.2; EF =54.59; CI=1.66-2.92) and diseases of the circulatory system (RR=2.29; EF =56.38; CI=1.77-2.97); there was also an average cause-and-effect relation with diseases of the respiratory organs, digestive system, musculoskeletal system, as well connective tissue, as the genitourinary system and it means these pathologies are occupational. We substantiated a system of activities aimed at managing occupational health risks for workers employed at bakeries.Conclusion. Workplaces at contemporary bakeries involve exposure to a set of adverse occupational factors that cause occupational health risks for workers. It requires immediate measures aimed at reducing such risks.

Hygienic assessment of working conditions of foundry workers

1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-145
Author(s):  
E. I. Surkova ◽  
I. F. Fazylov ◽  
I. L. Fazylova
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Foundry Workers

We examined 150 healthy men aged 22 to 45 years with 3 to 10 years or more of work experience in this occupation.

scholarly journals Keratitis Treatment by Removal of Concealed Retrocorneal Plant Foreign Body

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1667-1671
Author(s):  
Seongmi Kim ◽  
Hye Jin Lee ◽  
Ahnul Ha ◽  
Jong Young Lee ◽  
Jinho Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Posterior Surface ◽  
Slit Lamp ◽  
Corneal Epithelial ◽  
Topical Antibiotics ◽  
Hand Motion ◽  
Hourly Basis

Purpose: We report a case of keratitis that improved after removal of a causative plant foreign body from below the posterior surface of an opaque cornea. The foreign body was revealed by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and gonioscopy.Case summary: A 79-year-old woman was referred with an impression of left-eye keratitis; the eye had been injured by a branch of a tangerine tree 1 month prior. She had been given the usual topical antibiotics by a local clinic, but they were ineffective. At her initial visit, her visual acuity was only hand motion in the left eye; slit-lamp examination revealed a 3 × 3-mm corneal infiltration with a hypopyon in the anterior chamber. Despite administration of strong topical antibiotics on an hourly basis, the corneal lesion worsened. AS-OCT and gonioscopy revealed a small foreign body below the posterior surface of the cornea; this was surgically removed. The corneal opacity and corneal epithelial defects dramatically improved, and the hypopyon disappeared.Conclusions: The possibility of a residual foreign body should be considered if trauma precedes infectious keratitis that does not improve with conventional treatment and the posterior surface of the cornea is not visible because of corneal opacity. In such a case, AS-OCT and gonioscopy can be useful.

scholarly journals Physiological criteria for improving labor intensity classification used in occupational risks assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
I.V. Bukhtiyarov ◽  
◽  
O.I. Yushkova ◽  
M. Khodzhiev ◽  
A.V. Kapustina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Labor Intensity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Retrospective Data Analysis ◽  
Working Shift ◽  
Risks Assessment ◽  
And Gender

The paper focuses on results of substantiating and selecting informative physiological criteria that can be used for assessing and controlling functional state and working conditions category taking into account physical and nervous-emotional loads borne by CNC- machinery operators. Basing on complex physiological and ergonomic studies and retrospective data analysis, we showed that workers from various occupational groups who dealt with physical labor had to face certain strain over a working shift. Such strains, given long-term working experience, could result in neuromuscular system overstrain and occupational diseases occurrence. We substantiated and developed informative physiological criteria that allowed assessing and controlling functional state and working capacity as well as working conditions category taking into account occupational activities. The present research involved using a set of occupational studies, physiological and ergonomic procedures as well as clinical and statistic ones for examining peculiarities related to functional state of workers’ bodies under exposure to occupational factors taking into account specific working tasks and loads. It allowed us to substantiate labor intensity assessment. Our research results revealed that there was a strong correlation between hand muscles endurance to static exertion (decrease in % by the end of a work shift) and working conditions category given local and overall muscular loads borne by workers. This criterion is recommended for control over functional state and working capacity taking into account occupational peculiarities and gender-related differences. It is necessary to accumulate scientific data for confirming a similar correlation between overall physical working capacity (OPWC) and working conditions category. Results obtained via physiological research were used for developing prevention activities for workers.

scholarly journals Working conditions of nurses in the Family Health Strategy

10.3823/2606 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lázaro Clarindo Celestino ◽  
Laura Andrian Leal ◽  
Fernanda Ludmilla Rossi Rocha ◽  
Silvia Helena Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Basic Care ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
Mina Gerais ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Health Strategy

Background: To describe the working conditions of the nurses of the Family Health Strategy, characterizing the forms and modalities of work contract, types of bond, working hours, benefits, career plan and salaries. Method and Findings: Exploratory qualitative approach study. Participants were 18 nurses from the teams of the Family Health Strategy of a municipality in the countryside of Mina Gerais, Brazil. The data collection took place in July 2018 through interviews, using a script with closed questions. The Ethics Committee of the proposing Institution according to Official Letter 090/2018, CAAE 83419418.2.0000.5393, approved the study. Two forms of work contracts have been identified represented by the city hall and outsourced companies, the latter being the mode that offers the most benefits to workers. In addition, there was a lack of commensurate links, in addition to units with physical infrastructure that were compromised, lack of basic materials and supllies essential for the provision of care, absence of essential benefits for this category, insalubrity, commission for productivity, long journeys and overload of work, neglect and devaluation of the worker. Conclusions: This study should promote the managers' reflection on the working conditions offered to nurses in basic care, rethinking management models that help them cope with problems related to their work context, stimulating a healthy environment, mitigating possible occupational risks that could compromise physical or mental health of the worker.    

ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF OCCUPATIONAL PATHOLOGY IN WORKERS OF NOISE-HAZARDOUS PROFESSIONS OF METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.F. Chernikova ◽  
◽  
I.V. Fedotova ◽  
M.M. Nekrasova
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Joint Influence ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Working conditions at metallurgical enterprises are characterized by the impact of a complex of harmful production factors that do not correspond to the normalized levels, which causes the risk of developing professional and professionally conditioned pathology. Trained workers who are exposed for a long time to industrial noise that exceeds the permissible values by 10 dB or more are considered as a risk group for the development of aural (sensorineural hearing loss, SHT) and extraaural (high blood pressure, HBP) pathology. Hearing loss is an important medical and social problem, as it turns into a cognitive dissonance and a violation of verbal communication for the employee. Working conditions at one of the modern metallurgical plants were evaluated according to the data of sanitary and hygienic characteristics of working conditions. The study of the prevalence of SHT and HBP was carried out based on the materials of a medical examination and a questionnaire survey of workers (n=73, male, aged 36-75 years (57.32±0.89), with work experience of 8-58 years (34.29±1.16)). To assess the joint influence of age and seniority, an original scoring system was used, which allowed us to distinguish 3 observation groups. The severity of SHT and HBP was also assessed in points. The study showed a significant increase in the prevalence and severity of hearing loss and HBP with an increase in the duration of exposure and the age of employees. The presence of a close relationship between the analyzed pathology and working conditions is illustrated by the value of the odds ratio in groups 1-3 (ORSHT = 3.75-4.71; ORHBP = 2.0-5.0). Thus, the studied professional group of trained qualified metallurgists needs to develop health-improving measures to preserve labor longevity.

scholarly journals Development of a circular economy and evolution of working conditions and occupational risks—a strategic foresight study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Héry ◽  
Marc Malenfer
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Strategic Foresight ◽  
Major Factors

Abstract The circular economy can be defined as an economic system of exchange and production intended to increase the efficiency of the use of resources at all stages of products’ life cycle (including goods and services). Since most natural resources are not inexhaustible, and fossil fuel consumption is considered one of the major factors of global warming, its development seems inevitable, even if it can only be progressive (spanning several decades) and may not apply to all sectors. The circular economy is likely to challenge work methods and working conditions. Consequently, a strategic foresight study has been conducted in order to assess the main consequences on occupational safety and health. In the practice of INRS which carried out this work, foresight is above all a tool to improve and facilitate thinking and decision-making.

Obstetric Outcomes in Military Servicewomen: Emerging Knowledge, Considerations, and Gaps

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (05/06) ◽  
pp. 215-221
Author(s):  
Kathryn Mezwa ◽  
Lee Adelsheim ◽  
Glenn Markenson
Keyword(s):  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Needs ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Obstetric Population ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe number of women in the U.S. military is dramatically increasing. Similarly, the roles of active-duty women are greatly expanding, thus exposing them to new occupational risks. Determining the impact of pregnancy outcomes for women while in the military is difficult due to changing exposures over time, difficulty in utilizing appropriate comparison groups, and the lack of prospective investigations. Despite these limitations, it was concerning that the available data suggest that servicewomen delivering within 6 months of their first deployment have an increased preterm birth risk (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.1), and those with three prior deployments have an even greater risk (aOR: 3.8). Servicewomen also have an increased risk of hypertensive disorders with a rate of 13% compared with 5% in the general obstetric population. Furthermore, depression is higher for women who deploy after childbirth and are exposed to combat when compared with those who have not deployed since the birth of their child (aOR: 2.01). Due to the importance of this issue, prospective research designs are necessary to better understand and address the unique health care needs of this population.

scholarly journals Congenital Ocular Abnormalities in Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorelei L. Clarke ◽  
Kevin D. Niedringhaus ◽  
K. Paige Carmichael ◽  
M. Kevin Keel ◽  
Heather Fenton
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Congenital Cataracts ◽  
Ocular Abnormalities ◽  
Anterior Segment Dysgenesis ◽  
Spatiotemporal Clustering ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Free Ranging

Congenital ocular abnormalities in cervids have been previously reported as individual cases from various regions of the United States and include microphthalmia, anophthalmia, congenital cataracts, dermoids, and colobomata. A common underlying cause for these abnormalities, such as nutritional deficiencies, environmental toxin exposures, or genetic mutations, has not been established. This retrospective study summarized and compared cases of suspected congenital ocular abnormalities in free-ranging white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) submitted to the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study (SCWDS) in Athens, Georgia, to the preexisting literature. Of 3645 accessions of white-tailed deer submitted to SCWDS, 15 qualifying case records were found. An additional 15 cases were reported previously in the literature. Conditions described in SCWDS cases included microphthalmia (8/15), congenital cataracts (3/15), anophthalmia (2/15), colobomata (1/15), anterior segment dysgenesis (1/15), ectopic lacrimal gland tissue (1/15), and congenital blindness with corneal opacity (1/15). Most (11/15; 73%) of the SCWDS cases were male fawns with an average age of 4 months at presentation, consistent with previously described cases. Most animals had bilateral abnormalities with few extraocular congenital abnormalities, also consistent with existing reports. Cases were variably tested for various infectious agents at the time of submission; 2 cases were seropositive for bluetongue virus. Spatiotemporal clustering of cases was not evident. This study provided a concise and systematic summary of known existing cases of congenital ocular defects in fawns but did not identify a cause.

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