scholarly journals Structure of the Erdenet ore district according to gravimetric data

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-381
Author(s):  
E. K. Turutanov ◽  
V. S. Kanaykin
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Tectonic Inheritance ◽  
Three Dimensional Mapping ◽  
Gravimetric Data ◽  
Granitoid Intrusions ◽  
Ore District

The purpose of the study is construction of a model of the upper crust structure of the ore region in Mongolia and the three-dimensional mapping of intrusive bodies with which copper-porphyry mineralization is associated. An areal gravity survey was carried out with an observation density of 1 point per 6 km2 with the measurement accuracy of ±0.8 mGal. As a result, it was found that copper-molybdenum ore occurrences of the area including the Erdenet ore district are confined to local gravitational minima, which are interpreted as thickening of the body of the Selenga granitoids. The latter are confined to local depressions of this body base. The spatial proximity of supply channels of small ore-bearing intrusions and large granitoid bodies of the Selenga complex has been established. Porphyry ore intrusions are confined to rather wide (about 10 km) zones located above the depressions of the base of all intrusions of the Selenga complex (both granitoid and diorite). Since the local base depressions of the granitoid intrusions correspond to the position of magma supply channels, ore-bearing small intrusions were introduced approximately in the same places where the supply channels of granitoid intrusions of the Selenga complex existed. Therefore, it can be assumed that this case is characterized by not only tectonic inheritance (confined to the same faults and their intersection points), but also by a genetic one, since residual melts of the same foci, in which intrusion magma of the Selenga complex was generated might be the sources of small intrusions. From this point of view, the expediency of distinguishing an independent Erdenet complex seems to be controversial. Geophysical data on the spatial proximity of specified intrusion supply channels permit only to raise the question of such expediency. The solution to this issue is possible on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of petrological and geochemical data.

Undulatory Propulsion

1953 ◽  
Vol s3-94 (28) ◽  
pp. 551-578
Author(s):  
J. GRAY
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lateral Curvature ◽  
Tangential Forces ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Undulatory Swimming ◽  
Inclined Planes ◽  
The Waves

1. Typical undulatory progression over a rigid environment depends on three fundamental factors : (i) Internal bending couples change the lateral curvature of each region of the body to that previously characteristic of the region lying immediately anterior to itself. (ii) The phase of lateral bending varies along the length of the animal's body. (iii) The presence of external restraints prevents all regions of the body from moving along any path other than one tangential to their own circumference of curvature. 2. The magnitude of the forward tangential thrust imparted to the body depends on (a) the magnitude of the internally generated bending couples, and (b) the form of the waves. If friction operates on the surfaces of external restraint the thrust also depends on the coefficient of lateral friction and on the position of the restraints. 3. From a mechanical point of view, an undulating organism (irrespective of its size and internal structure) can be regarded either as a series of curved levers or as a series of inclined planes. 4. The general principles of undulatory swimming are the same as for a terrestrial glide, except for the fact that each element of the body must possess a component of motion normal to its surface if it is to contribute towards the propulsion of the animal; this type of motion can only occur when the waves move backwards relative to the ground. The animal cannot move forward as fast as the waves are propagated over the body. 5. The propulsive powers of three-dimensional waves are limited to the extent to which the organism is restrained by external forces from spinning about its own longitudinal axis. Otherwise the principles of progression are the same as for two-dimensional waves: the resultant of all the forces acting normally to the body is equal but opposite to that of all tangential forces.

scholarly journals On the dilatational stability of the Earth

1906 ◽  
Vol 77 (519) ◽  
pp. 486-499 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Equilibrium Configuration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Elastic Solids ◽  
Ordinary Experience ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Interesting Paper

The theory of elastic solids usually proceeds upon the assumption that the body is initially in a state of ease, free from stress and strain. Displacements from this condition, due to given forces, or vibrations about it, are then investigated, and they are subject to the limitation that Hooke’s law shall be applicable throughout and that the strain shall everywhere be small. When we come to the case of the earth, supposed to be displaced from a state of ease by the mutual gravitation of its parts, these limits are transgressed; and several writers who have adopted this point of view have indicated the obstacles which inevitably present themselves. In his interesting paper Professor Jeans, in order to attain mathematical definiteness, goes the length of introducing forces to counteract the self-gravitation: “That is to say, we must artificially annul gravitation in the equilibrium configuration, so that this equilibrium configuration may be completely unstressed, and each element of matter be in its normal state.” How wide a departure from actuality is here implied will be understood if we reflect that under such forces the interior of the earth would probably be as mobile as water. It appears to me that a satisfactory treatment of these problems must start from the condition of the earth as actually stressed by its self-gravitation, and that the difficulties to be faced in following such a course may not be so great as has been supposed. The stress, which is so enormous as to transcend all ordinary experience, is of the nature of a purely hydrostatic pressure, and as to this surely there can be no serious difficulty. After great compression the response to further compressing stress is admittedly less than at first, but there is no reason to doubt that the reaction is purely elastic and that the material preserves its integrity. At this point it may be well to remark, in passing, upon the confusion often met with in geological and engineering writings arising from the failure to distinguish between a one-dimensional and a three-dimensional, or hydrostatic, pressure. When rock or cast iron is said to be crushed by such and such a pressure, it is the former kind of pressure which is, or ought to be, meant. meant. There is no evidence of crushing under purely hydrostatic pressure, however great.

scholarly journals An Update on Virtopsy- A Modern Forensic Investigation Tool

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Mushtaq Ahmad ◽  
Md Zubaidur Rahman ◽  
Farial Naima Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Era ◽  
Autopsy Examination ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Virtopsy is a virtual alternative to a traditional autopsy, conducted with scanning and imaging technology. In developed countries Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are now being evaluated as complementary means for determination of cause of death. This paper explores the latest development and implication of virtopsy from ethical, clinical and technical point of view. Published literature in different journals with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were extensively reviewed through use of general and Meta search engines to elucidate the applications and implications of virtual autopsy. The modern high-resolution imaging has been used as a well described aid in the setting of post-mortem investigations. Virtopsy introduces a new era in autopsy examination. It utilizes the technological innovation of modern imaging system to obtain best results and three Dimensional (3D) images of the body in multiple plains without mutilation of the human body. Now a days virtopsy is very much acceptable procedure to the forensic society. In western worlds virtopsy is likely to replace conventional autopsies in future. We can also try to implement this modern system in our country. KYAMC Journal.2021;12(1): 48-52

scholarly journals Three-dimensional mapping identifies distinct vascular niches for myelopoiesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jizhou Zhang ◽  
Qingqing Wu ◽  
Courtney B. Johnson ◽  
Andre Olsson ◽  
Anastasiya Slaughter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cell ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Dendritic Cell Differentiation ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Three Dimensional Mapping

SummaryIn contrast to virtually all other tissues in the body the anatomy of differentiation in the bone marrow remains unknown. This is due to the lack of strategies to examine blood cell production in situ, which are required to better understand differentiation, lineage commitment decisions, and to define how spatial organizing cues inform tissue function. Here we developed imaging approaches to map all myeloid cells in whole bones and generated 3D atlases of granulocyte and monocyte/dendritic cell differentiation during homeostasis. We found that myeloid progenitors leave the hematopoietic stem cell niche during differentiation. Granulocyte and monocyte dendritic cell progenitors (MDP) do not interact, instead they localize to different sinusoids where they give rise to clusters of immature cells. MDP cluster with Ly6Clo monocytes and conventional dendritic cells; these localize to a unique subset of colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1, the major regulator of monopoiesis1) -expressing sinusoids. Csf1 deletion in the vasculature disrupted the MDP clusters and their interaction with sinusoids, leading to reduced MDP numbers and differentiation ability, with subsequent loss of peripheral Ly6Clo monocytes and dendritic cells. These data indicate that there is a specific spatial organization of definitive hematopoiesis and that local cues produced by distinct blood vessels are responsible for this organization. These maps provide a blueprint for in situ analyses of hematopoiesis in blood disorders.

scholarly journals A new penalty/stochastic approach to an application of the covering problem: the Gamma Knife treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilis Bahr Karam Venceslau ◽  
Helder Manoel Venceslau ◽  
Renan Vicente Pinto ◽  
Gustavo Dias ◽  
Nelson Maculan
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Programming ◽  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Covering Problem ◽  
Mathematical Programming Problem ◽  
Stochastic Local Search

The covering problem of a three dimensional body using different radius spheres is considered. The motivating application - the treatment planning of Gamma Knife radiosurgery - is briefly discussed. We approach the problem only by the geometric covering point of view, that is, given a set of spheres and a body, the objective is to cover the body using the smallest possible number of spheres, regardless of the dosage issue. In order to solve this mathematical programming problem, we consider an approach based on the application of penalty and stochastic local search techniques. Finally, some illustrative results and comparisons are presented.

Numerical Studies of Blood Flow in Left Coronary Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupali Pandey ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Vivek Kumar Srivastav
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

In the present paper, the simulation of blood flow in the left coronary artery is performed using angiography images of a healthy person. Artery blockage is the most prevailing cause of coronary artery disease (CAD). The presence of blockage inside the artery breaks the continuity of blood supply to the other part of the body and therefore causes for heart attack. In the present study, two different three-dimensional models namely; normal and 50% plaque are used for the numerical studies. Five inlet velocities 0.10, 0.20, 0.50, 0.70 and 0.80 m/s are considered corresponding to different blood flow conditions to study the effect of velocity on the human heart. Finite Volume Method (FVM) based Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique is executed for the numerical simulation of blood flow. Hemodynamics factors are computed and compared for the two geometrical models (Normal Vs. Blockage model). Area Average Wall Shear Stress (AAWSS) ranges from 4.1-33.6 Pa at the façade of the Left Anterior Descending (LAD) part of the Left Coronary Artery (LCA) for the constricted artery. The predominantly low WSS index is analogous to the normal artery affirms the existence of plaque. From the medical point of view, this can prove as an excellent factor for early diagnosis of CAD. Therefore, a hindrance can be created in the increasing frequency of myocardial infarction (MI).

scholarly journals Triassic pentadactyl tracks from the Los Menucos Group (Río Negro province, Patagonia Argentina): possible constraints on the autopodial posture of Gondwanan trackmakers

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Citton ◽  
Ignacio Díaz-Martínez ◽  
Silvina de Valais ◽  
Carlos Cónsole-Gonella
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Karoo Basin

The Los Menucos locality in Patagonia, Argentina, bears a well-known ichnofauna mostly documented by small therapsid footprints. Within this ichnofauna, large pentadactyl footprints are also represented but to date were relatively underinvestigated. These footprints are here analyzed and discussed based on palaeobiological indications (i.e., trackmaker identification). High resolution digital photogrammetry method was performed to achieve a more objective representation of footprint three-dimensional morphologies. The footprints under study are compared withPentasauropusfrom the Upper Triassic lower Elliot Formation (Stormberg Group) of the Karoo Basin (Lesotho, southern Africa). Some track features suggest a therapsid-grade synapsid as the potential trackmaker, to be sought among anomodont dicynodonts (probably Kannemeyeriiformes). While the interpretation of limb posture in the producer ofPentasauropustracks from the Los Menucos locality agrees with those described from the dicynodont body fossil record, the autopodial posture does not completely agree. The relative distance between the impression of the digital (ungual) bases and the distal edge of the pad trace characterizing the studied tracks likely indicates a subunguligrade foot posture (i.e., standing on the last and penultimate phalanges) in static stance, but plantiportal (i.e., the whole foot skeleton and related soft tissues are weight-bearing) during the dynamics of locomotion. The reconstructed posture might have implied an arched configuration of the articulated metapodials and at least of the proximal phalanges, as well as little movement capabilities of the metapodials. Usually, a subunguligrade-plantiportal autopod has been described for gigantic animals (over six hundreds kilograms of body weight) to obtain an efficient management of body weight. Nevertheless, this kind of autopod is described here for large but not gigantic animals, as the putative trackmakers ofPentasauropuswere. This attribution implies that such an autopodial structure was promoted independently from the body size in the putative trackmakers. From an evolutionary point of view, subunguligrade-plantiportal autopods not necessarily must be related with an increase in body size, but rather the increase in body size requires a subunguligrade or unguligrade, plantiportal foot. Chronostratigraphically,Pentasauropuswas reported from Upper Triassic deposits of South Africa and United States, and from late Middle Triassic and Upper Triassic deposits of Argentina. Based on the stratigraphic distribution of the ichnogenus currently accepted, a Late Triassic age is here proposed for thePentasauropus-bearing levels of the Los Menucos Group.

Scanning electron microscopy of freeze-fractured prescapular lymph node of caprine

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
O. Faroon ◽  
F. Al-Bagdadi ◽  
T. G. Snider ◽  
C. Titkemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Cellular Constituent ◽  
Scanning Electron

The lymphatic system is very important in the immunological activities of the body. Clinicians confirm the diagnosis of infectious diseases by palpating the involved cutaneous lymph node for changes in size, heat, and consistency. Clinical pathologists diagnose systemic diseases through biopsies of superficial lymph nodes. In many parts of the world the goat is considered as an important source of milk and meat products.The lymphatic system has been studied extensively. These studies lack precise information on the natural morphology of the lymph nodes and their vascular and cellular constituent. This is due to using improper technique for such studies. A few studies used the SEM, conducted by cutting the lymph node with a blade. The morphological data collected by this method are artificial and do not reflect the normal three dimensional surface of the examined area of the lymph node. SEM has been used to study the lymph vessels and lymph nodes of different animals. No information on the cutaneous lymph nodes of the goat has ever been collected using the scanning electron microscope.

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