scholarly journals The attribution of responsibility to the manufacturer and/or user after an accident caused by a self-driving car

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsushi Tanibe ◽  
Kaori Karasawa
Keyword(s):  
Attribution Of Responsibility

Interactive Experience and Identification as Predictors of Attributing Responsibility in Video Games

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Nathan Walter ◽  
Yariv Tsfati
Keyword(s):  
Video Game ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Theoretical Expectation ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Attribution Of Responsibility ◽  
Attributions Of Responsibility ◽  
Violent Video Game ◽  
Grand Theft Auto Iv ◽  
Interactive Experience

Abstract. This study examines the effect of interactivity on the attribution of responsibility for the character’s actions in a violent video game. Through an experiment, we tested the hypothesis that identification with the main character in Grand Theft Auto IV mediates the effect of interactivity on attributions of responsibility for the main character’s antisocial behavior. Using the framework of the fundamental attribution error, we demonstrated that those who actually played the game, as opposed to those who simply watched someone else playing it, identified with the main character. In accordance with the theoretical expectation, those who played the game and came to identify with the main character attributed the responsibility for his actions to external factors such as “living in a violent society.” By contrast, those who did not interact with the game attributed responsibility for the character’s actions to his personality traits. These findings could be viewed as contrasting with psychological research suggesting that respondents should have distanced themselves from the violent protagonist rather than identifying with him, and with Iyengar’s (1991) expectation that more personalized episodic framing would be associated with attributing responsibility to the protagonist.

Print Media and the Political Reform in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 3356-3371
Author(s):  
Negesse Gessese
Keyword(s):  
Social Changes ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Attribution Of Responsibility ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
Content Selection ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Issue Frames

This research examines the agenda and frames used by the Reporter newspaper editorial coverage of issues and actors before and after the reform in Ethiopia. The study applies a quantitative content analysis method and examined 99 (Period 1 = 57 and Period 2 = 42) editorials in all periods. The source of data and the period of data collection were purposely selected. The results indicated that societal issues, government, and party issues were frequent in both periods. The professional journalist was the only Author in both periods. More government criticism and more reforms were mentioned before the reform. Compared with editorials published before and after the reform, noticeable changes were observed in government critique, attribution of responsibility frames, human interest frames and economic issue frames. However, content selection, sources of information, mentioned reforms, conflict relationship frames, and ideological frames didn’t have relationship with the date of publication. Finally, the Reporter editorials coverage did change significantly in many respects, although it is difficult to determine the causes of the changes—economic factors, reduced political control, social changes or globalization forces.

scholarly journals Gender Differences on Psychosocial Factors Affecting COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6148
Author(s):  
Nicolás Bronfman ◽  
Paula Repetto ◽  
Paola Cordón ◽  
Javiera Castañeda ◽  
Pamela Cisternas
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Attribution Of Responsibility ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Trust Level ◽  
Future Risk ◽  
Gender Based

Previous studies have reported differences between men and women in the adoption of preventive behaviors against infectious diseases. This study aims to examine gender differences on a set of psychosocial factors shown to influence preventive behaviors against infectious diseases such as COVID-19. We conducted a web survey (N = 1.004) a few weeks after the end of the peak of the first wave of infections in Chile. The survey assessed participants’ perception of risk and worry about the COVID-19 pandemic, confidence in the government’s competence and integrity in dealing with the crisis, attribution of responsibility to various stakeholders, and adoption of preventive behaviors such as hygiene, distancing, and information-seeking. Our results confirm significant gender-based differences for both the psychosocial factors and the adoption of preventive behaviors. We conclude that women show a higher level of worry and fear of the pandemic and are keener to adopt preventive hygiene and social distancing behaviors. Similarly, participants report a low level of trust in government authorities, with women reporting the lowest trust level. The implications of these findings for the design of future risk communication strategies are discussed.

Perceived Severity and Justifiability of a Deviant Act and Their Relationship to Suggested Sanctions

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Attribution Of Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Mock Jurors ◽  
Responsibility Attribution ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Student Subjects

Previous research with mock jurors which concerned attribution of responsibility for a deviant/criminal act traditionally varied the “severity” of the act presented to subjects. Yet severity and justifiability of that act are seldom if ever differentiated. These dimensions are, both practically and theoretically, potentially disparate yet past research has neglected the dimension of justifiability. To test this possible distinction defendant's social status, victim's social status, severity of the crime (armed robbery vs petty larceny), and compensation to the victim were systematically varied in written criminal cases presented to 168 male and 228 female student subjects, randomly chosen. Subjects made a distinction between the two dimensions and both were highly associated with the recommended sanctions. These data were taken as evidence that (1) previous research has been remiss in not distinguishing between these two dimensions and (2) Heider's Level 5 of developmental stages of responsibility attribution (justifiability) was given support.

News Sources and Framing of Responsibility on Devolution in Kenya, 2013–2017

2022 ◽  
pp. 107769902110665
Author(s):  
Jimmy Ochieng
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Newspaper Coverage ◽  
Attribution Of Responsibility ◽  
News Sources ◽  
News Source ◽  
Official Sources

The present research examines two aspects of newspaper coverage of devolution during a 4-year period between March 27, 2013, and May 28, 2017: first, through the lens of attribution of responsibility, who the news media most blamed for problems facing devolution; second, whether reliance on official sources in reporting of devolution mirrors the indexing hypothesis. Findings show that the most-blamed actor and dominant news source on devolution is the county executive. Journalists continue to rely on the elite as their main news source and as a result they shape the discourse on devolution.

Sex, College Major, and Attribution of Responsibility in Empathic Responding to Persons with HIV Infection

2004 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laia Bécares ◽  
Castellano Turner
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
College Major ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Attribution Of Responsibility ◽  
Men 2 ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Psychology Majors ◽  
Urban University

This investigation studied the influence of sex, college major, and attributed responsibility on college students' empathic responding towards persons infected with HIV. We hypothesized that (1) women would score higher on empathy than men; (2) nursing and psychology majors would score higher on empathy than business and computer science majors; and (3) participants would score higher on empathy towards a target who contracted HIV through blood transfusion (presented as a Nonresponsible target) rather than through unprotected sex (presented as a Responsible target). Two hundred and fifty-eight undergraduate students (110 male, 148 female) attending a large urban university in the northeast filled out an anonymous demographic questionnaire, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index of Davis (1983), and an Empathy Reaction Scale that was developed by the authors. Results indicated a higher mean Empathy Reaction score from nursing and psychology students as compared to business and computer science students. There was no difference in Empathy Reaction scores between men and women. A higher Empathy Reaction score was found among participants who had read a diary from the target portrayed as Nonresponsible, as opposed to those who read a diary from the target portrayed as Responsible.

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