scholarly journals Contemporary Issues in Well-being of Undergraduate Clinical Students: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
Chong Tze Lin ◽  
Lau Wee Ming ◽  
Tha Kyi Kyi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Training ◽  
English Language ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Emotional Aspect ◽  
Lack Of Exercise ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Year 2000

Well-being is a complex concept with objective and subjective elements that contribute to life satisfaction. Medical students experience inevitable transition from pre-clinical to clinical training with increasingly more independence and responsibility. This study aimed to identify well-being issues in undergraduate clinical students. The emotional, physical, social, spiritual, occupational and intellectual aspects of well-being were focused on. A thorough literature search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies reporting issues from the six aspects of well-being in undergraduate clinical students, and published in peer-reviewed journals in English language from the year 2000 to 2020 with full-text available online were included. The initial search from PubMed, OVID Medline, Psych INFO and CINAHL Plus retrieved 623 articles with 51 studies included in this review. Evidence from the previous studies demonstrated poor well-being among undergraduate clinical students. Stress, lack of exercise, low peer and family support, and mistreatment by clinicians and patients were common well-being issues encountered. Based on this literature review, the five aspects of well-being except the emotional aspect were less explored. Thus, it will be of interest to investigate well-being issues among Malaysian undergraduate clinical students from the physical and occupational aspects, which are further impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify possible contributing factors. Undergraduate clinical students are faced with several well-being issues. Thus, early detection of these issues is important to avoid devastating consequences to students and patients.

scholarly journals Passive Sensing of Health Outcomes Through Smartphones: Systematic Review of Current Solutions and Possible Limitations (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Trifan ◽  
Maryse Oliveira ◽  
José Luís Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
User Engagement ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Being There ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Health And Well Being

BACKGROUND Technological advancements, together with the decrease in both price and size of a large variety of sensors, has expanded the role and capabilities of regular mobile phones, turning them into powerful yet ubiquitous monitoring systems. At present, smartphones have the potential to continuously collect information about the users, monitor their activities and behaviors in real time, and provide them with feedback and recommendations. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to identify recent scientific studies that explored the passive use of smartphones for generating health- and well-being–related outcomes. In addition, it explores users’ engagement and possible challenges in using such self-monitoring systems. METHODS A systematic review was conducted, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, to identify recent publications that explore the use of smartphones as ubiquitous health monitoring systems. We ran reproducible search queries on PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, and Scopus online databases and aimed to find answers to the following questions: (1) What is the study focus of the selected papers? (2) What smartphone sensing technologies and data are used to gather health-related input? (3) How are the developed systems validated? and (4) What are the limitations and challenges when using such sensing systems? RESULTS Our bibliographic research returned 7404 unique publications. Of these, 118 met the predefined inclusion criteria, which considered publication dates from 2014 onward, English language, and relevance for the topic of this review. The selected papers highlight that smartphones are already being used in multiple health-related scenarios. Of those, physical activity (29.6%; 35/118) and mental health (27.9; 33/118) are 2 of the most studied applications. Accelerometers (57.7%; 67/118) and global positioning systems (GPS; 40.6%; 48/118) are 2 of the most used sensors in smartphones for collecting data from which the health status or well-being of its users can be inferred. CONCLUSIONS One relevant outcome of this systematic review is that although smartphones present many advantages for the passive monitoring of users’ health and well-being, there is a lack of correlation between smartphone-generated outcomes and clinical knowledge. Moreover, user engagement and motivation are not always modeled as prerequisites, which directly affects user adherence and full validation of such systems.

Medical Student Substance Abuse Intervention: A Case Report and Literature Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Avery ◽  
Gabriel H. Hester ◽  
Rane McLaughlin ◽  
Gregory E. Skipper
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Medical Student ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
English Language ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Substance Abuse Intervention ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Abuse ◽  
Student Intervention

ABSTRACT Alcohol and drug abuse and addiction among medical students have been reported extensively. This is an important topic because substance abuse can lead to impairment, which affects the well-being of many, including medical students, and because it compromises physician competency. Education and clinical training regarding substance use disorders (SUDS) has been severely neglected, especially in relation to their incidence, not only among health professionals but also among patients. Students know little about SUDS and little regarding identifying a colleague in trouble. This article presents a case of a peer medical student intervention with a successful outcome as a proximate result of a brief educational program for medical students and argues for more education regarding SUDS, professional impairment, and how to deal with a peer who has a problem. To our knowledge, peer medical student intervention for a fellow student addicted to alcohol or drugs has never been reported in the English language.

Polyvictimization Among Children and Adolescents in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh T. H. Le ◽  
Sara Holton ◽  
Lorena Romero ◽  
Jane Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
English Language ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Most of the world’s children and adolescents live in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LALMIC), but there is limited evidence about polyvictimization (experiences of multiple forms of victimization) among them. The aims of this article were to systematically review the evidence from LALMIC about the overall prevalence of polyvictimization and to identify the associations between polyvictimization and health and well-being among children and adolescents. Method: A systematic search of the English-language peer-reviewed literature to identify empirical, quantitative studies conducted in LALMIC between 2005 and 2015, assessing at least four forms of victimization among young people aged up to 19 years. Where prevalence of any victimization and of polyvictimization were reported, meta-analyses were performed. Results: A total of 30/8,496 articles were included in the review. Evidence was available from 16/84 LALMIC and methodology and quality varied. Pooled prevalence of experiences of any victimization was 76.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) [64.8%, 88.9%]). Prevalence of polyvictimization ranged from 0.3% to 74.7% with an overall estimate of 38.1% (95% CI [18.3%, 57.8%]). None of the studies examined the associations between polyvictimization and physical or reproductive health or quality of life. Polyvictimization was associated with increased likelihood of mental health problems and involvement in health risk behaviors. Conclusions: Experiences of polyvictimization among children and adolescents in LALMIC are more prevalent than in high- and upper-middle-income countries and contribute to the burden of poor health among children and adolescents. Most LALMIC lack local data, and research is required to address this knowledge gap.

scholarly journals Caring Science within Islamic Contexts: A Literature Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhartini Ismail ◽  
Urai Hatthakit ◽  
Tippamas Chinawong
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Optimal Care ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Caring Science ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Caring is an essence of nursing and many studies enlighten about caring for various populations and settings. Caring science within Islamic contexts has gained more attention from nurses, especially in the area related to cultural and spiritual care.Purpose: The aim of this study was to discuss the concepts of caring science within Islamic contexts. Methods: We extracted 27 articles in both qualitative and quantitative studies, inthe English language, based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) method. The date and years were limited from January 2008 to 2014 from several databases. Keywordswere ‘caring science’, ‘Islamic caring’, ‘and Islamic Perspectives’ and combined with words of ‘Nursing’, ‘caring’, and ‘care’.Result: There were 4 themes in caring within Islamic context: 1There were 6 themes in caring within Islamic context: 1) theoretical definition of caring; 2) foundation of caring; 3) comparison of caring theories; and 4) caring in Islamic culture; 5) caring practice in Islamic perspectives;and 6) caring outcomesConclusion: In Islamic nursing, caring is based on well-being improvement and healing, and concentration on all domains of nursing care and relationship between different dimensions of human (bio-psycho-social-spiritual dimensions). Within these contexts, a better understanding of the diverse conceptualizations of nursing is needed in order to ensure that nurses across all contexts can provide optimal care.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence in Pharmacoepidemiology: A Systematic Review. Part 2–Comparison of the Performance of Artificial Intelligence and Traditional Pharmacoepidemiological Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Sessa ◽  
David Liang ◽  
Abdul Rauf Khan ◽  
Murat Kulahci ◽  
Morten Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Techniques ◽  
Lengths Of Stay ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Better Than

Aim: To summarize the evidence on the performance of artificial intelligence vs. traditional pharmacoepidemiological techniques.Methods: Ovid MEDLINE (01/1950 to 05/2019) was searched to identify observational studies, meta-analyses, and clinical trials using artificial intelligence techniques having a drug as the exposure or the outcome of the study. Only studies with an available full text in the English language were evaluated.Results: In all, 72 original articles and five reviews were identified via Ovid MEDLINE of which 19 (26.4%) compared the performance of artificial intelligence techniques with traditional pharmacoepidemiological methods. In total, 44 comparisons have been performed in articles that aimed at 1) predicting the needed dosage given the patient’s characteristics (31.8%), 2) predicting the clinical response following a pharmacological treatment (29.5%), 3) predicting the occurrence/severity of adverse drug reactions (20.5%), 4) predicting the propensity score (9.1%), 5) identifying subpopulation more at risk of drug inefficacy (4.5%), 6) predicting drug consumption (2.3%), and 7) predicting drug-induced lengths of stay in hospital (2.3%). In 22 out of 44 (50.0%) comparisons, artificial intelligence performed better than traditional pharmacoepidemiological techniques. Random forest (seven out of 11 comparisons; 63.6%) and artificial neural network (six out of 10 comparisons; 60.0%) were the techniques that in most of the comparisons outperformed traditional pharmacoepidemiological methods.Conclusion: Only a small fraction of articles compared the performance of artificial intelligence techniques with traditional pharmacoepidemiological methods and not all artificial intelligence techniques have been compared in a Pharmacoepidemiological setting. However, in 50% of comparisons, artificial intelligence performed better than pharmacoepidemiological techniques.

scholarly journals Problems and prospects of using evidence-based medicine in hygiene (systematic review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 750-754
Author(s):  
Aleksandr O. Karelin ◽  
Gennady B. Yeremin
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
English Language ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Classification Evaluation ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Based Medicine

In the modern world, the principles and methods of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM)) are the recognised basis for the development of Medicine despite the existing barriers to its implementation. EBM was formed and developed within the framework of its medical direction. In preventive medicine, the adoption of the term EBM was not accompanied by the development of appropriate definitions, standards, methods, and regulatory documents. This article discusses the problems and prospects for the development of EBM in hygienic science and practice. The authors conducted an independent screening of the frequency of publications on Preventive Medicine using the terms and provisions of EBM over the past ten years in the RSCI and MEDLINE (PubMed). The number of publications in English - language sources was found to exceed domestic ones by 45.5-139 times on all issues of EBM. In the RSCI, publications related to EBM in the preventive direction of Medicine accounted for 28 % of the total publications on EBM, in MEDLINE- 45 percentage. The data obtained indicate a more occasional use of the principles of EBM in domestic Medicine, especially in relation to preventive Medicine. Taking into account the experience of EBM in clinical Medicine, the article defines EBM, presents the stages of the EBM methodology, a variant of the hierarchy of evidence, and ideal characteristics of surrogate outcomes for preventive Medicine. For most hygiene problems, systematic reviews and meta-analyses will be the most evidence-based. The use of EBM was indicated to be impossible without understanding the fundamental principles and the correct application of biostatistics. Approaches to the classification, evaluation, development, and examination of clinical practice guidelines based on the principles of EBM, abroad and in Russia, and the possibility of their use for regulatory and methodological documents to ensure sanitary and epidemiological well-being are considered.

scholarly journals Passive Sensing of Health Outcomes Through Smartphones: Systematic Review of Current Solutions and Possible Limitations

10.2196/12649 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e12649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Trifan ◽  
Maryse Oliveira ◽  
José Luís Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
User Engagement ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Being There ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Health And Well Being

BackgroundTechnological advancements, together with the decrease in both price and size of a large variety of sensors, has expanded the role and capabilities of regular mobile phones, turning them into powerful yet ubiquitous monitoring systems. At present, smartphones have the potential to continuously collect information about the users, monitor their activities and behaviors in real time, and provide them with feedback and recommendations.ObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to identify recent scientific studies that explored the passive use of smartphones for generating health- and well-being–related outcomes. In addition, it explores users’ engagement and possible challenges in using such self-monitoring systems.MethodsA systematic review was conducted, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, to identify recent publications that explore the use of smartphones as ubiquitous health monitoring systems. We ran reproducible search queries on PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, and Scopus online databases and aimed to find answers to the following questions: (1) What is the study focus of the selected papers? (2) What smartphone sensing technologies and data are used to gather health-related input? (3) How are the developed systems validated? and (4) What are the limitations and challenges when using such sensing systems?ResultsOur bibliographic research returned 7404 unique publications. Of these, 118 met the predefined inclusion criteria, which considered publication dates from 2014 onward, English language, and relevance for the topic of this review. The selected papers highlight that smartphones are already being used in multiple health-related scenarios. Of those, physical activity (29.6%; 35/118) and mental health (27.9; 33/118) are 2 of the most studied applications. Accelerometers (57.7%; 67/118) and global positioning systems (GPS; 40.6%; 48/118) are 2 of the most used sensors in smartphones for collecting data from which the health status or well-being of its users can be inferred.ConclusionsOne relevant outcome of this systematic review is that although smartphones present many advantages for the passive monitoring of users’ health and well-being, there is a lack of correlation between smartphone-generated outcomes and clinical knowledge. Moreover, user engagement and motivation are not always modeled as prerequisites, which directly affects user adherence and full validation of such systems.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Type II and Type III Workplace Violence against Physicians: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behdin Nowrouzi-Kia ◽  
Emily Chai ◽  
Koyo Usuba ◽  
Behnam Nowrouzi-Kia ◽  
Jennifer Casole
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Background: Workplace violence (WPV) in the health care sector remains a prominent, under-reported global occupational hazard and public health issue. Objective: To determine the types and prevalence of WPV among doctors. Methods: Primary papers on WPV in medicine were identified through a literature search in 4 health databases (Ovid Medline, EMBASE, PsychoINFO and CINAHL). The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for the mapping and identification of records. To assess the studies included in our review, we used the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme cohort review checklist and the Risk of Bias Assessment. Results: 13 out of 2154 articles retrieved were reviewed. Factors outlining physician WPV included (1) working in remote health care areas, (2) understaffing, (3) mental/emotional stress of patients/visitors, (4) insufficient security, and (5) lacking preventative measures. The results of 6 studies were combined in a meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of WPV was 69% (95% CI 58% to 78%). Conclusion: The impact of WPV on health care institutions is profound and far-reaching; it is quite common among physicians. Therefore, steps must be taken to promote an organizational culture where there are measures to protect and promote the well-being of doctors.

Efficacy of Crisis Intervention

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Reisch ◽  
Petra Schlatter ◽  
Wolfgang Tschacher
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Intervention ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Step Therapy ◽  
Long Term Therapy ◽  
The Impact

This study assesses the efficacy of the treatment approach implemented in the Bern Crisis Intervention Program, where particular emphasis is placed on the remediation of suicide ideation and suicidal behavior, and depression, fear, and phobia are generally considered to be contributing factors. Four questionnaires addressing psychopathology, emotional well-being, social anxiety, and personality were administered prior to and after the treatment of 51 patients over a period of 2 to 3 weeks. The reduction of symptoms contributing to suicidal ideation and behavior was interpreted as indirect evidence of an antisuicidal effect of the program. Significant improvements were found in the psychopathology ratings, with depression and anxiety showing the largest reductions. The impact on personality and social phobia, however, was only moderate, and on average patients still exhibited symptoms after attending the program. This residual symptomatology points to the necessity of introducing a two-step therapy approach of intensive intervention targeted at the precipitating causes of the crisis, augmented by long-term therapy to treat underlying problems.

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