scholarly journals Fumonisin B1 Production by Fusarium Species and Mycotoxigenic Effect on Larval Zebrafish

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najihah Azman ◽  
Nur Ain Izzati Mohd Zainudin ◽  
Wan Norhamidah Wan Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Successful Amplification ◽  
Fast Liquid Chromatography

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a common mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species particularly F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides. The toxin produced can cause adverse effects on humans and animals. The objectives of this study were to detect the production of FB1 based on the amplification of FUM1 gene, to quantify FB1 produced by the isolates using Ultra-fast Liquid Chromatography (UFLC) analysis, to examine the embryotoxicity effect of FB1 and to determine EC50 toward the larvae of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fifty isolates of Fusarium species were isolated from different hosts throughout Malaysia. Successful amplification of the FUM1 gene showed the presence of this gene (800 bp) in the genome of 48 out of 50 isolates. The highest level of FB1 produced by F. proliferatum isolate B2433 was 6677.32 ppm meanwhile F. verticillioides isolate J1363 was 954.01 ppm. From the assessment of embryotoxicity test of FB1 on larvae of zebrafish, five concentrations of FB1 (0.43 ppm, 0.58 ppm, 0.72 ppm, 0.87 ppm and 1.00 ppm) were tested. Morphological changes of the FB1 exposed-larvae were observed at 24 to 168 hpf. The mortality rate and abnormality of zebrafish larvae were significantly increased at 144 hpf exposure. Meanwhile, the spontaneous tail coiling showed a significant difference. There were no significant differences in the heartbeat rate. As a conclusion, the presence of FUM1 in every isolate can be detected by FUM1 gene analysis and both of the species produced different concentrations of FB1. This is the first report of FB1 produced by Fusarium species gave a significant effect on zebrafish development.

scholarly journals Effects of the microbiome manipulation on survival and GI tract development of larval zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2021 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 02016
Author(s):  
Uthpala Padeniya ◽  
Shafira Septriani ◽  
Arjay Pataueg ◽  
Christopher L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Control Survival

Microbial diversity within an aquatic community can be used to increase the growth and development of organisms. In this study, Zebrafish larvae were reared in three treatments 1) a probiotic containing 17 strains of Lactobacillus spp., 2) an amoxicillin solution, 3) water from the broodstock culture tank as the control. Survival of the larvae throughout 10 dpf was recorded. To determine the development of the gastrointestinal tract DASPEI stain was used for larvae at the age of 3 dpf to 6dpf. The intensity of the fluorescence in each larva was observed through the automated digital microscope. According to the experiment results, a significant difference (P<0.0001) in the survival rates among all treatments was recorded. The probiotic-treated larvae (PTL) had a higher survival rate. This could be due to the presence of lactic acid bacteria in the probiotic treatment, which helps in enhancing immunity. In DASPEI staining, also PTL exhibits more fluorescence in the GI tract at 24 hours to 48 hours post-hatch than the other two treatments. The main possible reason behind this could also be the presence of Lactobacillus spp. Which directly influences the higher activity of the digestive system.

scholarly journals Developmental Toxicity and Neurotoxicity Assessment of R-, S-, and RS-Propylene Glycol Enantiomers in Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Larvae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Shen ◽  
Xijing Zhao ◽  
Chengyong He ◽  
Zhenghong Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Chiral Carbon ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eye Diameter ◽  
High Doses

Abstract Propylene glycol (PG) is widely used in the foods, pharmaceuticals, oil industry, animal feed, cosmetics and other industries. Because of the existence of a chiral carbon center, PG forms R (Rectus)- and S (Sinister)-enantiomers. Currently, the toxicity study of its R-, S-enantiomers is still very scarce. In this study, we have assessed the developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity of the R-, S-, and RS-PG enantiomers in zebrafish larvae. We found that exposure to R-, S-, and RS-PG enantiomers did not significantly affect the basic developmental endpoints of embryos or larvae (i.e., embryonic movement, hatching, mortality, malformation, heartbeat, body length), indicating that R-, S-, and RS-PG exposures did not exhibit the basic developmental toxicity in zebrafish larvae. The toxicity of the three enantiomers was lower than that of ethanol, and there was no significant difference between them. However, R-, S-, and RS-PG exposures with high doses could significantly change the eye diameter and the locomotor activity of larval zebrafish, indicating that R-, S-, and RS-PG enantiomers of high doses can potentially exhibit the neurotoxicity and ocular developmental toxicity in zebrafish larvae. Therefore, the potential neurotoxicity and ocular developmental toxicity of R-, S-, and RS-PG enantiomers for infants and toddlers should be considered.

Fumonisin Production by Fusarium Species Isolated from Cereals and Feeds in Spain

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 811-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. CASTELLÁ ◽  
M. R. BRAGULAT ◽  
F. J. CABAÑES
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Fluorescence Method ◽  
Fumonisin B2 ◽  
Corn Kernels

The ability of Fusarium species to produce fumonisins was studied with 145 isolates of the following species: F. moniliforme (119 isolates), F. subglutinans (12 isolates), F. proliferatum (9 isolates), F. avenaceum (1 isolate), F. oxysporum (1 isolate), and F. semitectum (3 isolates). All isolates were cultured on autoclaved corn kernels. The production of fumonisins was determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography-o-phthaldialdehyde-fluorescence method. Fumonisin production was restricted to isolates of F. moniliforme (94.1%) and F. proliferatum (100%), in the section Liseola, including all strains isolated from wheat, barley, peas, and soybean. One strain of F. proliferatum isolated from maize produced 30,949 μg/g of fumonisin B1 and 16,966 μg/g of fumonisin B2.

Natural Occurrence of Fusarium Species, Fumonisin Production by Toxigenic Strains, and Concentrations of Fumonisins B1 and B2 in Conventional and Organic Maize Grown in Spain

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
AGUSTÍN ARIÑO ◽  
TERESA JUAN ◽  
GLORIA ESTOPAÑAN ◽  
JOSÉ F. GONZÁLEZ-CABO
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Organic Farming System ◽  
Fumonisins B1 And B2

Sixty samples of corn from both conventional and organic farms were tested for internal fungal contamination. Molds were identified to genus, and those belonging to the genus Fusarium were identified to species. Twenty isolates of Fusarium verticillioides were tested with a high-performance liquid chromatography–naphthalene dicarboxaldehyde–fluorescence method for their ability to produce fumonisins B1 and B2. The internal fungal infection in organic maize (63.20%) was significantly higher than that in conventional maize (40.27%) (P &lt; 0.05). However, the distribution of fungal genera indicated a significantly higher prevalence of Fusarium in conventional (34.93%) than in organic (18.15%) maize, making Fusarium the predominant fungus in conventional maize. This difference in mold distribution between organic and conventional maize was attributed to the difference in cultivation system. The dominant Fusarium species in both conventional and organic samples was F. verticillioides. There were no significant differences in the ability of 20 selected isolates of F. verticillioides to produce fumonisins on conventional or organic corn. Up to 13.3% of the conventional corn samples contained fumonisins B1 and B2 at mean concentrations of 43 and 22 ng/g, respectively. Organic corn samples had somewhat lower levels of contamination: 35 ng/g fumonisin B1 and 19 ng/g fumonisin B2 (P &gt; 0.05). The organic farming system, with well-balanced crop rotation, tillage, and compost fertilization, produced corn that was less likely to be contaminated with Fusarium species, although no significant difference in fumonisin concentrations was found between the two types of contaminated corn.

scholarly journals Development of optical methods for real-time whole-brain functional imaging of zebrafish neuronal activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lapo Turrini
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
The Brain

Each one of us in his life has, at least once, smelled the scent of roses, read one canto of Dante’s Commedia or listened to the sound of the sea from a shell. All of this is possible thanks to the astonishing capabilities of an organ, such as the brain, that allows us to collect and organize perceptions coming from sensory organs and to produce behavioural responses accordingly. Studying an operating brain in a non-invasive way is extremely difficult in mammals, and particularly in humans. In the last decade, a small teleost fish, zebrafish (Danio rerio), has been making its way into the field of neurosciences. The brain of a larval zebrafish is made up of 'only' 100000 neurons and it’s completely transparent, making it possible to optically access it. Here, taking advantage of the best of currently available technology, we devised optical solutions to investigate the dynamics of neuronal activity throughout the entire brain of zebrafish larvae.

scholarly journals Morphological Changes of the Hip Commonly Associated With Femoroacetabular Impingement Are Not Correlated With Rotational Range of Hip Motion in Elite Soccer Athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812097366
Author(s):  
André Orlandi Bento ◽  
Guilherme Falótico ◽  
Keelan Enseki ◽  
Ronaldo Alves Cunha ◽  
Benno Ejnisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoroacetabular Impingement ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Alpha Angle ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Rotational Movement ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Morphological changes characteristic of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) are common in soccer players. However, the clinical relevance of such anatomical variations is still not well-defined. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that high alpha angle values and/or acetabular retroversion index (ARI) are correlated with rotational range of motion (ROM) of the hip and that there are clinical-radiological diferences between the dominant lower limb (DLL) and nondominant lower limb (NDLL) in professional soccer players. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A total of 59 male professional soccer players (average age 25.5 years, range 18-38 years) were evaluated in the preseason. As main outcome measures, we evaluated the alpha angle and the ARI and hip IR and ER ROM with radiographic analysis. Results: The measurements taken on DLL and NDLL were compared and a significant difference was found between the sides in the ER ( P = 0.027), where the DLL measures were 1.54° (95% CI, 0.18-2.89) greater than the NDLL. There were no significant differences between the sides in the measures of IR ( P > 0.99), total ROM ( P = 0.07), alpha angle ( P = 0.250), and ARI ( P = 0.079). The correlations between the rotation measurements and the alpha angle in each limb were evaluated and the coefficient values showed no correlation; so also between the ARI and rotation measures. Conclusion: Morphological changes of the femur or acetabulum are not correlated with hip IR and ER ROM in male professional soccer players. ER on the dominant side was greater than on the nondominant side. There was no significant difference in the other measurements between sides. Clinical Relevance: In clinical practice, it is common to attribute loss of hip rotational movement to the presence of FAI. This study shows that anatomical FAI may not have a very strong influence on available hip rotational movement in professional soccer athletes.

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