Constraints of No-Till Dryland Agroecosystems as Bioenergy Production Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace L. Miner ◽  
Neil C. Hansen ◽  
Daniel Inman ◽  
Lucretia A. Sherrod ◽  
G. A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
No Till

Nitrate Leaching to a Shallow Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer as Influenced by Conventional No-Till and Low-Input Sustainable Grain Production Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 691-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Craig ◽  
R. R. Weil
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Low Input ◽  
No Till

In December, 1987, the states in the Chesapeake Bay region, along with the federal government, signed an agreement which called for a 40% reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus loadings to the Bay by the year 2000. To accomplish this goal, major reductions in nutrient loadings associated with agricultural management practices were deemed necessary. The objective of this study was to determine if reducing fertilizer inputs to the NT system would result in a reduction in nitrogen contamination of groundwater. In this study, groundwater, soil, and percolate samples were collected from two cropping systems. The first system was a conventional no-till (NT) grain production system with a two-year rotation of corn/winter wheat/double crop soybean. The second system, denoted low-input sustainable agriculture (LISA), produced the same crops using a winter legume and relay-cropped soybeans into standing wheat to reduce nitrogen and herbicide inputs. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in groundwater were significantly lower under the LISA system. Over 80% of the NT groundwater samples had NO3-N concentrations greater than 10 mgl-1, compared to only 4% for the LISA cropping system. Significantly lower soil mineral N to a depth of 180 cm was also observed. The NT soil had nearly twice as much mineral N present in the 90-180 cm portion than the LISA cropping system.

scholarly journals Evolution and accumulation of C-CO2 in biogenic and physiogenic aggregates of different agroecological management systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-500
Author(s):  
Luiz Alberto Silva Rodrigues Pinto ◽  
Octávio Vioratti Telles Mendonça ◽  
Celeste Queiroz Rossi ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Fabiana Costa Barros
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Formation Pathway ◽  
No Till ◽  
Testing Parameter ◽  
Mineralizable Carbon ◽  
The City ◽  
Som Decomposition

Determination of mineralizable carbon (C) is based on the evolution of C-CO2, reflecting the activity of soil biota in soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, and can be used as a testing parameter in agroecological production systems. The objective of the present work was to quantify mineralizable C in aggregates of different biogenic and physiogenic formation pathways in agroecological management systems in the city of Seropédica, state of Rio de Janeiro. Five sampling areas were selected: (1) 10-year agroforestry system (AFS), (2) 15-year full sun coffee (C-SUN), (3) 15-year shaded coffee (C-SHA), (4) 10-year phlegm alleles (FLE), and (5) 6-year no-till planting system with corn and eggplant (NT) in Red-Yellow Argissolo in Seropédica-RJ.Morphological patterns were used to identify the formation pathway (biogenic and physiogenic) of aggregates.  In these, fertility, total organic carbon (TOC), and total nitrogen (TN) were evaluated.  The evolution and accumulation of C-CO2were determined in the laboratory after 35 days of incubation. The NT area under agroecological management present higher C-CO2 accumulation between the systems with biogenic aggregates and less accumulation in the physiogenic aggregates. 

scholarly journals Using dynamic relative climate impact curves to quantify the climate impact of bioenergy production systems over time

GCB Bioenergy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sierk de Jong ◽  
Mark Staples ◽  
Carla Grobler ◽  
Vassilis Daioglou ◽  
Robert Malina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Reduced Tillage Impacts on Pumpkin Yield, Weed Pressure, Soil Moisture, and Soil Erosion

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1524-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. O’Rourke ◽  
Jessica Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
No Till ◽  
Trade Offs

Conservation tillage has the potential to decrease the environmental footprint of pumpkin production, but possible trade-offs with yield are not well understood. This study experimentally tested the effects of three cultivation techniques (conventional-till, strip-till, and no-till) on pumpkin production, weed pressure, soil moisture, and soil erosion. Randomized complete block field experiments were conducted on Cucurbita pepo L. ‘Gladiator’ pumpkins in 2014 and 2015. Overall yields were higher in 2015, averaging 45.2 t·ha−1, compared with 37.4 t·ha−1 in 2014. In 2014, pumpkin yields were similar across tillage treatments. In 2015, the average fruit weight of no-till pumpkins was significantly greater than strip-till and conventional-till pumpkins, which corresponded to a marginally significant 13% and 22% yield increase, respectively (P = 0.11). Weed control was variable between years, especially in the strip-till treatment. Soil moisture was consistently highest in the no-till treatment in both years of study. Conventional-till pumpkin plots lost ≈9 times more soil than the two conservation tilled treatments during simulated storm events. The 2015 yield advantage of no-till pumpkins seems related to both high soil moisture retention and weed control. Research results suggest that no-till and strip-till pumpkin production systems yield at least as well as conventional-till systems with the advantage of reducing soil erosion during extreme rains.

scholarly journals No-till Vegetable Production—Its Time is Now

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald D. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
No Till ◽  
Minimum Disturbance

Advantages of no-till (NT) production systems are acknowledged throughout the world. During the 1990s, production of NT vegetable crops has increased for both direct seeded and transplanted crops. Increased interest in reduced-tillage systems among research workers and vegetable growers is attributed to: 1) development and commercialization of NT transplanters and seeders, 2) advancements in the technology and practice of producing and managing high-residue cover crop mulches, and 3) improvements and acceptance of integrated weed management techniques. Results from research experiments and grower's fields over the years has shown that success with NT transplanted crops is highly dependent on achieving key production objectives, including: 1) production of dense, uniformly distributed cover crops; 2) skillful management of cover crops before transplanting, leaving a heavy, uniformly distributed killed mulch cover over the soil surface; 3) establishment of transplants into cover crops with minimum disturbance of surface residues and surface soil; and 4) adoption of year-round weed control strategies.

scholarly journals SEQUENTIAL CROPPING IN VEGETABLE AND TOBACCO PRODUCTION SYSTEMS UNDER VARIOUS TILLAGES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1172b-1172
Author(s):  
William Terry Kelley ◽  
David L. Coffey
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Production Yield ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
No Till ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Sequential Cropping ◽  
Plot Design

Three cropping sequences and three tillage systems were evaluated under reduced tillage. Sequences were spring `Packman' broccoli followed by `Sunny' tomatoes or 'm.s. Ky 14 × L8 tobacco, spring broccoli/tomatoes or tobacco/fall broccoli, and tomatoes or tobacco/fall broccoli. Each sequence was grown conventionally tilled/no winter cover, conventionally tilled/wheat winter cover and no-till transplanted directly into killed wheat. The study was conducted at Knoxville, (elev. 251m), Greeneville, (elev. 400m) and Crossville, (elev. 549m) during 1989 and 1990. Experiments were arranged in a strip-plot design with sequences stripped across tillages. No. 1 tomato yield was reduced in no-till at Greeneville (1989). Percentage of No. 1 tomatoes was not affected by tillage but the tomato-broccoli system produced a greater percentage at Greeneville (1990). Broccoli head size and subsequent yield was generally greater in conventionally tilled plots. Sequence generally had little affect on broccoli production. Yield and revenue of tobacco were generally lower in no-till treatments. Broccoli/tobacco sequences generally had the highest yield but varied by location. No-till produced lower quality tobacco both years at Knoxville but not at Greeneville.

scholarly journals SEASONAL CHANGES IN ASPARAGUS ROOT GROWTH IN CONVENTIONAL AND NOTILL SYSTEMS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1071b-1071
Author(s):  
Daniel Drost ◽  
Darlene Wilcox-Lee ◽  
Richard Zobel
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
No Till ◽  
Conventional Ct ◽  
Fibrous Roots

Published data on the spatial patterns and periodicity of root growth in asparagus are limited. During the 1989 growing season growth and distribution of both fleshy and fibrous roots were monitored in a 7 year old asparagus planting. Soil cores were removed at 15 cm intervals to a depth of 90 cm at 40 and 80 cm from the plants in asparagus beds which had been maintained under conventional (CT) and no-till (NT) production systems. Fleshy and fine roots were separated from the soil and root length densities calculated. Harvests began in late March and continued at three week intervals until early November. Fine root growth was greater in the NT than CT in all depths and at both locations in March. Greatest lengths of fine roots were at the 15-60 cm depths for both CT and NT. This pattern was consistent throughout the season. Fine root lengths decreased by one half by the middle of the year (July) and remained at those levels until the last harvest (Nov). Fleshy root lengths were more variable, however NT generally had greater lengths than CT. Greatest length of fleshy roots were located in the 15-60 cm depths for both CT and NT treatments. Few fleshy roots were found below the 60 cm depth.

scholarly journals 403 Butternut Squash (Cucurbita moschata) Yield and Soil Erosion in Three Tillage Systems

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 462C-462
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Infante-Casella ◽  
Steven A. Garrison
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Many squash varieties are large-seeded and may be well-suited for planting under no-till production systems. A study was done at the Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Bridgeton, N.J., to evaluate the yield and loss of soil when butternut squash (BS) (Cucurbita moschata `Waltham') was grown using no-till (NT), strip-till (ST), and bare ground (BG) tillage systems. The soil was a Sassafrass gravely sand loam and the field had a 3% slope. A cover crop mixture of hairy vetch and winter rye planted on 23 Sept. 1998 using a Brillion seeder at a rate of 136.2 kg/ha and 610.2 kg/ha, respectively, was used to create the NT and ST plots. NT and ST plots containing the cover crop mixture were killed with Glyphosate and chopped using a Buffalo stalk chopper on 27 May. BG plots were tilled clean before planting and ST plots were rototilled to a 30.48 cm band to establish a seedbed. BS seeds were hand-planted on 7 July with a spacing of 38.1 cm between plants and 182.9 cm between rows. Irrigation was applied overhead at a rate of 6.28 cm/ha weekly. Erosion was measured using inverted pans over the soil area to be measured. Harvest took place on 21Oct. and yields included only marketable fruit with the following results: NT = 8.65 t/ha; ST = 8.99 t/ha; BG = 4.06 t/ha. Yields in the NT and ST plots were significantly higher than yields in the BG plots. Soil erosion measurements were taken on 21 Oct. Soil loss results from the plots were 0.08 cm (NT), 0.84 cm (ST), and 3.33 cm (BG). Soil loss, mainly due to water erosion, was significantly higher in the BG plots. BS yields can be significantly higher when using alternative tillage systems like NT and ST. When using NT and ST systems for the production of BS, soil erosion is reduced

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document