Precision of Growth Estimates and Sufficient Sample Size: Can Solar Radiation Level Change These Factors?

Nineteen accessions of elephant grass (Penniseturn purpureurn) were grown in a long-day photoperiod at 5/10, 18/13, 21/16, 27/22, 33/28 and 36/3l�C day/night temperatures during spring, summer and autumn in the Canberra phytotron. The temperature optimum for dry matter production was 33/28�C, and the magnitude of dry matter production was dependent on the solar radiation received; the low radiation levels in autumn reduced yields of advanced plants. Except at the lowest temperature, cumulative yield was associated with cumulative radiation. Rate of stem elongation was highest at 33/28�C under the spring and summer radiation regimes. Under autumn radiation conditions, rate of elongation was highest at 27/22�C. Rate of leaf appearance and leaf area per plant were linearly related to temperature and were little affected by radiation level. Rate of tiller production showed two maxima, at 18/13-21/16�C and at 33/28-36/31�C, and the maximum temperature was dependent on radiation level. The accessions Q5083, Bana grass and Taiwan consistently produced high yields throughout the range of temperatures tested. The results are discussed in relation to accession performance in the field.

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THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON THE HABITAT TEMPERATURES OF THE LODGEPOLE NEEDLE MINER, RECURVARIA MILLERI BUSCK (GELECHIIDAE: LEPIDOPTERA)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z52-013 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 144-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

W. R. Henson ◽

R. F. Shepherd

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

The Sun ◽

Heating Effect ◽

Weather Factors ◽

Radiation Level ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Temperature Radiation ◽

Effects Of Radiation

The lodgepole needle miner (Recurvaria, milleri Busck) passes the greater part of its life in the interior of needles of its host tree. Investigations of the temperature of needle mines and its relation to ambient air temperature, radiation, and a number of other weather factors are reported. Incoming solar radiation shows a heating effect on the needle mines which is directly proportional to the radiation level. The heating effect of the radiation is modified by other weather factors, by differences in the exposure of the needles, and by the type of mines in the needles. At night, needles are cooled below ambient air temperatures by outgoing radiation, which in turn is dependent on the nocturnal weather. The application of these results to studies of the effect of temperature on the needle miner can only be made with respect to individual needles. Thus, radiation of 1.5 gm-cal. per cm.2 per min. will elevate the temperature of a needle 6.3 Centigrade degrees in air moving at less than one mile per hour if the needle is orientated at right angles to the sun and fully exposed. Shade from other needles, wind over one mile per hour, and needle orientation other than 90° to the sun's rays all tend to reduce the amount of heating at the indicated level of radiation.

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Effects of ozone layer variation in Ultraviolet solar radiation level received at ground in Arica north of Chile

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/1043/1/012066 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1043 ◽

pp. 012066

Author(s):

M Rivas ◽

E Rojas

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Ozone Layer ◽

Radiation Level ◽

Ultraviolet Solar Radiation

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Color Portion of Solar Radiation in the Partial Annular Solar Eclipse, October 3rd, 2005, at Helwan, Egypt

Acta Polytechnica ◽

10.14311/1287 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

Author(s):

A. H. Hassan ◽

U. A. Rahoma ◽

M. Sabry ◽

A. M. Fathy

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Optical Depth ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Solar Eclipse ◽

Diffuse Radiation ◽

Maximum Magnitude ◽

Radiation Level ◽

First Contact ◽

Annular Solar Eclipse

Measurements were made of various solar radiation components, global, direct and diffuse and their fractions during the partial annular solar eclipse on October 3rd, 2005 at Helwan, Egypt (Lat. 29.866◦ N and Long. 31.20◦ E), and an analysis has been made. The duration of the solar eclipse was 3 h 17 min, and the maximum magnitude of the eclipse in this region was 0.65. The optical depth of the direct component and the relative humidity decreased, while both the transparency and the air temperature increased towards the maximum eclipse. The general trends of the global components are decreasing optical depth and increasing transparency between the first contact and the last contact. The prevailing color during the eclipse duration was diffused infrared (77 % of the total diffuse radiation level).

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Effect of shading on tomato plants grow under greenhouse

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362003000400013 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 642-645 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Miguel Angelo Sandri ◽

Jerônimo Luiz Andriolo ◽

Marcio Witter ◽

Tiago Dal Ross

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Density ◽

Global Radiation ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Radiation Level ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Horticultural Crops ◽

Rooting Medium

The experiment was conducted at Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, to determine the effect of shading on tomato plants grown in a greenhouse. Sowing was done on July 4th and planting on August 27th, 2000, in a plant density of 3.3 plants m-2, using an organic commercial rooting medium. Water and nutrients were supplied on a daily basis using a nutrient solution. Two polyethylene tunnels (2.20 m height, 5 m width, 15 m length) were used. In the first plastic tunnel, used as control, the transmissivity of global radiation was 83% and plants were conducted as a commercial crop. In the second tunnel, plants were grown under a 52% shading screen. Plant growth and development were measured at 19; 26; 33; 40; 47; 54; 61; 75 and 89 days after beginning of anthesis. Daily average solar radiation in the first tunnel from planting time to the end of the experiment was 12.4 MJ m-2 day-1, whereas in the shaded tunnel it was 5.0 MJ m-2 day-1. Number of fruits per square meter did not differ significantly between the unshaded control and shaded tomato plants. At the last harvest, dry mass from unshaded and shaded plants differed significantly, with values of 974.9 g m-2 and 762.5 g m-2 for total dry mass, 550.1 g m-2 and 419.74 g m-2 for fruits, and 424.75 g m-2 and 342.74 g m-2 for vegetative organs, respectively. Total plant growth was reduced to 21.7% by shading, but plants continued to grow, in spite of the radiation level below the trophic limit of 8.4 MJ m-2 day-1. To establish the climatic suitability of horticultural crops in different regions, it should be advisable to take in account other variables than solar radiation.

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Nesting climate and behaviour of Cape Barren geese (Cereopsis novaehollandiae Latham)

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo00066 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 155 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kerstin Wagner ◽

Roger S. Seymour

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Success ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Cooling Rate ◽

South Australia ◽

Nest Site Selection ◽

Water Vapour Pressure ◽

Nest Temperature ◽

Radiation Level ◽

Temperature And Humidity ◽

Nest Type

Embryonic development of birds is directly affected by nest temperature and humidity. Nest site selection may therefore have a large impact on reproductive success. Cape Barren geese (Cereopsis novaehollandiae) use a variety of nesting materials and sites that potentially create quite different environments for the eggs. We categorised nests according to their protective cover and monitored nest temperature, cooling rate, nest humidity, solar radiation level, female incubation constancy and reproductive success on Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Nest type was not correlated with clutch size or timing of incubation. Nest temperature and water vapour pressure were slightly lower in exposed nests (33.6–33.7°C, 2.60–2.94 kPa) than in more protected nests (34.7–35.0°C, 3.34–3.83 kPa), but incubation constancy and cooling rate during recesses did not differ between exposed and protected nests. Incubation constancy was 92.4% ± 4.2% (s.d.). Three to four recesses of 38 ± 10 min were undertaken, mainly between 08:00 and 16:30 hours. Total recess time, but not individual recess duration, was positively correlated with mean daily temperature, whereas rainfall had no effect on incubation constancy. Solar radiation input was generally stronger during recesses. Nests of Cape Barren geese were well insulated with large amounts of down; thus, nest type had minor influences on nest temperature and humidity and female behaviour. Hatching success was 88% overall, and did not depend on nest type.

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Relation between Global Solar Radiation and Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Different Parts of Nepal

Journal of the Institute of Engineering ◽

10.3126/jie.v8i3.5942 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 169-175

Author(s):

Rudra P Pokhrel ◽

Binod K Bhattarai

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Uv Radiation ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Global Radiation ◽

Global Solar Radiation ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Solar Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Radiation Level ◽

Solar Ultraviolet

Part of the solar spectrum whose wavelength lies between 40 to 400 nm is called Solar Ultraviolet radiation. Solar UV Index (UVI) is the measure of the UV radiation level at a place, which plays the important role to raise public awareness and alert people to use protective measures when exposed to UV radiation. This study tries to find out the UV radiation level at a place by knowing the global radiation and will help to find out the UV radiation level at different places where UV radiation measuring instruments are not easily accessible. By the study of the relationship between global solar radiation and Solar Ultraviolet radiation at different sites (Biratnagar, Lukla, Kathmandu and Pokhara) of Nepal, simple regression equations were obtained. UV radiation level at a place was retrieved by using this equation. Ground based global solar radiation were measured by using radiation measuring instrument, Pyranometer (CMP6), manufactured by Kipp and Zonen, Netherland. A comparison between equation based calculation and ground based measurement of UV level (using NLU-UV meter) shows the average deviation of 3% at Lukla, 7% at Kathmandu and Pokhara and 6% Biratnagar in the year 2009 and 2010. It is also noted that Lukla is clearer among the four stations. This deviation might be due to effect of aerosols, humidity and non-ideal cosine response of the instrument. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v8i3.5942 JIE 2011; 8(3): 169-175

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