Influence of Different Defoliation Systems on the Regrowth of Pearl Millet, Hybrid Sudangrass, and Two Sorghum‐Sudangrass Hybrids from Terminal, Axillary, and Basal Buds 1

Crop Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Clapp ◽  
Douglas S. Chamblee
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass

scholarly journals A Comparison of Pearl Millet and Sorghum–Sudangrass Pastures during the Frost-Prone Autumn for Growing Beef Cattle in Semiarid Region

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Leonard M. Lauriault ◽  
Leah H. Schmitz ◽  
Shad H. Cox ◽  
Eric J. Scholljegerdes
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass

Sorghum–sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense (Piper) Stapf.) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) provide adequate nutritive value for growing beef cattle; however, unlike pearl millet, sorghum–sudangrass produces hydrocyanic acid (which is toxic to livestock) when frosted. Forage yield, nutritive value, and weight gain of growing cattle grazing sorghum–sudangrass and pearl millet were compared during the frost-prone autumns of 2013 and 2014, at New Mexico State University’s Rex E. Kirksey Agricultural Science Center in Tucumcari, NM USA, in randomized complete block designs each year with two replicates. No differences existed between pearl millet and sorghum–sudangrass forage yield, although there was a year–forage interaction for fiber-based nutritive value components because of maturity differences across years between the forages when freeze-killed. Pearl millet allowed for extending grazing of available forage for an additional 14 and 24 d in 2013 and 2014, respectively, compared to sorghum–sudangrass during the frost-prone autumn periods. During that period, when sorghum forages produce potentially toxic levels of hydrocyanic acid, animals grazing pearl millet accumulated an additional average of 94.9 kg live-weight gain ha−1 (p < 0.001). These factors afford producers an opportunity to increase returns on the similar investments of establishing and managing warm-season annual forage crops each year, and allow more time to stockpile cool-season perennial and annual forages for winter and early spring grazing, or to reduce hay feeding.

scholarly journals Warm-season annual forages in forage-finishing beef systems: I. Forage yield and quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 911-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deidre D Harmon ◽  
Dennis W Hancock ◽  
Robert L Stewart ◽  
Jenna L Lacey ◽  
Robert W Mckee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
Value Determination

Abstract The demand for a year-round supply of fresh, locally grown, forage-finished beef products has created a need for forage-finishing strategies during the summer months in the southeast. A 3-yr study was conducted to evaluate four warm-season annual forages in a southeastern forage-finishing beef production system. Treatments were four forage species and included brown-midrib sorghum × sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor var. bicolor*bicolor var. sudanense; BMR), sorghum × sudangrass (SS), pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.; PM], or pearl millet planted with crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.; PMCG]. Treatments were distributed in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Pastures (0.81 ha, experimental unit) were assigned to one of four forage treatments, subdivided, and rotationally stocked with a variable stocking density. British-cross beef steers (n = 32; 3-yr average: 429 ± 22 kg) grazed for 70, 63, and 56 d in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. Put-and-take animals were used to maintain a forage allowance of 116 kg forage dry matter /100 kg body weight. Forage mass was measured by clipping a 4.3-m2 area in triplicate on d 0 and on 14-d intervals. Hand grab samples for forage nutritive value determination and quadrat clippings for species compositions were measured on d 0 and on 34-d intervals until termination of the trial. Forage mass was lowest (P &lt; 0.01) for PMCG at the initiation of the grazing trial, whereas BMR was greater (P &lt; 0.01) than SS at wk 6. Total digestible nutrients in 2014 were greater for SS compared to BMR and PM at the middle harvest (P &lt; 0.01) and BMR, PM, and PMCG at the final harvest (P &lt; 0.01). At the middle and final harvests in both 2015 and 2016, PM and PMCG contained greater (P &lt; 0.01) concentrations of crude protein than SS. These results suggest that BMR, SS, PM, and PMCG may all be used in southeastern forage-finishing beef production systems, as long as the producer strategically accounts for the slight growth and nutritive value differences throughout the season.

scholarly journals Lipid-Extracted Algae as a Soil Amendment Can Increase Soil Salinization and Reduce Forage Growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Lewis ◽  
Jamie Foster ◽  
Frank Hons
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Lipid Extracted Algae ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass

Algae as a biodiesel feedstock are more productive per unit area than traditional feedstock options, but currently algae production is not economical without high-value co-products. Lipid-extracted algae (LEA) may be useful as a soil amendment; however, research is needed to determine the feasibility and management strategies required. The objective was to determine salinity-associated effects of LEA as a soil amendment on a range of salt tolerant forages [foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), and a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)]. Forage seed were planted in columns containing sandy clay loam soil amended with the following: (1) control [nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer added], (2) 1.5% LEA by weight, (3) 3.0% LEA, (4) 1.5% LEA + 1.5% wheat straw (WS), and (5) 1.5% WS (+N, +P). Seedling emergence and total herbage mass (HM) from sequential harvests was determined, along with forage mineral uptake. Soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were analyzed after the final harvest. Seedling emergence of pearl millet was negatively affected by LEA application, but not foxtail millet or sorghum-sudangrass. Pearl millet emergence was most reduced in 3.0% LEA treated soil, however, this treatment produced greater HM by the third harvest. Soil pH and EC were greater in 3.0% LEA-treated soil than the control and 1.5% WS treatment. Production of salt tolerant forages such as sorghum-sudangrass is possible in LEA-amended soil; however, with repeated applications soil salinity may reduce productivity and sustainability.

scholarly journals Evaluation of warm season annual forages for forage yield and quality in the north-central United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S Bleier ◽  
Wayne K Coblentz ◽  
Kenneth F Kalscheur ◽  
Kevin Panke-Buisse ◽  
Geoffrey E Brink
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
The North ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
Pearl Millet Cultivars

Abstract Grazing-based dairy operations require productive, high-quality forages capable of supporting the nutritional needs of mid-lactation dairy cows. Our objectives were to evaluate primary and regrowth harvests of two cultivars of sudangrass (SU), sorghum-sudangrass (S×SU), and pearl millet (PM) forages for growth and nutritive characteristics within the specific context of suitability for grazing by dairy cows. Three harvest cycles, including primary and regrowth cycles in 2016, and a single harvest cycle of primary growth in 2017, were evaluated at two locations (Prairie du Sac and Marshfield, WI). Within each cycle, sampling was initiated when canopy height was about 41 cm and continued thereafter on weekly intervals for 5 weeks, resulting in six equally spaced sampling dates per harvest cycle. Data were analyzed as a split-plot design with cultivars (6) as whole-plots arranged in randomized complete blocks and weekly harvest dates (6) as subplots. Yields of dry matter (DM) were less consistent at the more northern location (Marshfield), which is known for its heavier, poorly drained soils. Despite locational differences, the taller-growing cultivar within each forage type frequently exhibited yield advantages over dwarf or shorter-growing cultivars; this occurred for 7 of 9 intra-forage-type comparisons (P ≤ 0.021) across three harvest cycles at Prairie du Sac, and for 6 of 9 similar comparisons (P ≤ 0.032) at Marshfield. In 2016, shorter-growing cultivars had greater percentages of leaf in 4 of 6 intra-forage-type comparisons at both locations (P ≤ 0.004), which is especially relevant for grazing. Similarly, PM cultivars exhibited shorter canopy heights (P ≤ 0.002), but greater percentages of leaf (P &lt; 0.001), than all other cultivars during all harvest cycles at both locations. However, the greater leaf percentages exhibited by PM cultivars did not translate into reduced percentages of structural plant fiber (asNDFom) on a whole-plant basis during any harvest cycle at either location; furthermore, asNDFom concentrations for PM cultivars were greater (P ≤ 0.047) than observed for other cultivars within 3 of 6 harvest cycles across both locations. Ruminal in-situ degradation of asNDFom for whole-plant forages based on a 48-h incubation was significantly greater (P ≤ 0.006) for PM compared with other cultivars in 4 of 6 harvest cycles. Pearl millet cultivars generally exhibited more suitable characteristics for grazing livestock than SU or S×SU cultivars.

scholarly journals Warm-season annual forages in forage-finishing beef systems: II. Animal performance and carcass characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 400-410
Author(s):  
Deidre D Harmon ◽  
Dennis W Hancock ◽  
R Lawton Stewart ◽  
Jenna L Lacey ◽  
Robert W Mckee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Forage Availability ◽  
Quality Grade ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass

Abstract More information on expected animal performance and carcass traits of forage-finished steers grazing warm-season annual forages is needed. To achieve this objective, a grazing trial was conducted in 2014, 2015, and 2016 (70, 63, and 56 d, respectively), with variation in length of grazing based on forage availability. Sixteen pastures (0.81 ha) were assigned to 1 of 4 forage treatments in a randomized complete block design. Forage treatments were brown midrib sorghum × sudangrass (BMR; Sorghum bicolor var. bicolor*bicolor var. sudanense), sorghum × sudangrass (SS), pearl millet [PM; Pennisetum glaucum (L.)R.Br.], or pearl millet planted with crabgrass [PMCG; Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.]. Each year, British-cross beef steers (n = 32; 3 y average: 429 ± 22 kg) were stratified by weight and randomly assigned to 1 of the 16 pastures for forage finishing. Each pasture was subdivided into two 0.405-ha paddocks for rotational stocking and a put-and-take stocking method was used to maintain a forage allowance of 116 kg forage dry matter/100 kg body weight (BW). Shrunk body weight and ultrasonically measured carcass composition were recorded at the initiation, middle, and end of each grazing season. Steers were harvested once forage availability became limited and chilled carcasses (24 h) were evaluated for yield grade and quality grade attributes. Statistical analysis was conducted using the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS 9.4 (Cary, NC) with main effects of treatment, year, and the interaction. Pasture and block were considered random effects while date was assessed as a main effect when applicable. Daily stocking densities were greater (P &lt; 0.04) for SS than PMCG in the first 20 d of 2014 and 2015. Forage treatment did not affect (P &gt; 0.17) total gain, total average daily gain, or body weight at any time point. Ultrasound composition traits of loin muscle area, 12th rib fat thickness, intramuscular fat, and rump fat were impacted (P &lt; 0.01) by scanning date. No differences (P &gt; 0.08) in forage treatments were observed for carcass characteristics associated with yield grade or quality grade. The findings suggest that forage-finished cattle during the summer months on BMR, SS, PM, and PMCG perform similarly, giving producers the option to use the most economical or practical forage type for their production system.

scholarly journals Harvesting Regimes Affect Brown Midrib Sorghum-Sudangrass and Brown Midrib Pearl Millet Forage Production and Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A. Machicek ◽  
Brock C. Blaser ◽  
Murali Darapuneni ◽  
Marty B. Rhoades
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Water Use ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Brown Midrib ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
Harvesting Regime

As water levels in the Ogallala Aquifer continue to decline in the Texas High Plains, alternative forage crops that utilize less water must be identified to meet the forage demand of the livestock industry in this region. A two-year (2016 and 2017) study was conducted at West Texas A&M University Nance Ranch near Canyon, TX to evaluate the forage production and quality of brown midrib (BMR) sorghum-sudangrass (SS) (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. Drummondii) and BMR pearl millet (PM) (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) Leeke)) harvested under three regimes (three 30-d, two 45-d, and one 90-d harvests). Sorghum-sudangrass consistently out yielded PM in total DM production in both tested years (yield range 3.96 to 6.28 Mg DM ha−1 vs. 5.38 to 11.19 Mg DM ha−1 in 2016 and 6.00 to 9.87 Mg DM ha−1 vs. 6.53 to 15.51 Mg DM ha−1 in 2017). Water use efficiency was higher in PM compared to SS. The 90-d harvesting regime maximized the water use efficiency and DM production compared to other regimes in both crops; however, some forage quality may be sacrificed. In general, the higher forage quality was achieved in shorter interval harvesting regimes (frequent cuttings). The selection of suitable forage crop and harvesting regime based on this research can be extremely beneficial to the producers of Texas High Plains to meet their individual forage needs and demand.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SUMMER COVER CROPS FOR USE IN VEGETABLE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 749b-749
Author(s):  
Nancy G. Creamer
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
Broadleaf Species

Five grasses, six broadleaf species, and five legume/grass mixtures were evaluated for their production of aboveground biomass (AGB), nitrogen contribution, C: N ratio, ability to compete with weeds, and susceptibility to three methods of mechanical kill. Of the legume species, sesbania, cowpea, and soybean produced the most biomass, which totaled 5542, 4227, and 3934 kg·ha–1, respectively. Nitrogen in the AGB of these species was 109, 95, and 83 kg·ha–1, respectively. AGB production of the grass species ranged from 8677 kg·ha–1 for sorghum–sudangrass to 5247 kg·ha–1 for pearl millet. Nitrogen in the AGB for the grass species ranged from 68 to 38 kg·ha–1. In general, the cover crops most competitive with weeds were those that had an excess of 3900 kg AGB/ha. The broadleaf species were effectively controlled by mowing, while undercutting controlled five of the species, and rolling provided little control. Undercutting provided the best control of the grasses, while rolling was effective on the most mature species, and mowing provided little control.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document