Gahi‐1 Pearl Millet and Two Sorghum ✕ Sudangrass Hybrids as Pasture for Yearling Beef Cattle 1

1970 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Dunavin
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass

scholarly journals A Comparison of Pearl Millet and Sorghum–Sudangrass Pastures during the Frost-Prone Autumn for Growing Beef Cattle in Semiarid Region

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Leonard M. Lauriault ◽  
Leah H. Schmitz ◽  
Shad H. Cox ◽  
Eric J. Scholljegerdes
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass

Sorghum–sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense (Piper) Stapf.) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) provide adequate nutritive value for growing beef cattle; however, unlike pearl millet, sorghum–sudangrass produces hydrocyanic acid (which is toxic to livestock) when frosted. Forage yield, nutritive value, and weight gain of growing cattle grazing sorghum–sudangrass and pearl millet were compared during the frost-prone autumns of 2013 and 2014, at New Mexico State University’s Rex E. Kirksey Agricultural Science Center in Tucumcari, NM USA, in randomized complete block designs each year with two replicates. No differences existed between pearl millet and sorghum–sudangrass forage yield, although there was a year–forage interaction for fiber-based nutritive value components because of maturity differences across years between the forages when freeze-killed. Pearl millet allowed for extending grazing of available forage for an additional 14 and 24 d in 2013 and 2014, respectively, compared to sorghum–sudangrass during the frost-prone autumn periods. During that period, when sorghum forages produce potentially toxic levels of hydrocyanic acid, animals grazing pearl millet accumulated an additional average of 94.9 kg live-weight gain ha−1 (p < 0.001). These factors afford producers an opportunity to increase returns on the similar investments of establishing and managing warm-season annual forage crops each year, and allow more time to stockpile cool-season perennial and annual forages for winter and early spring grazing, or to reduce hay feeding.

scholarly journals Warm-season annual forages in forage-finishing beef systems: I. Forage yield and quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 911-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deidre D Harmon ◽  
Dennis W Hancock ◽  
Robert L Stewart ◽  
Jenna L Lacey ◽  
Robert W Mckee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
Value Determination

Abstract The demand for a year-round supply of fresh, locally grown, forage-finished beef products has created a need for forage-finishing strategies during the summer months in the southeast. A 3-yr study was conducted to evaluate four warm-season annual forages in a southeastern forage-finishing beef production system. Treatments were four forage species and included brown-midrib sorghum × sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor var. bicolor*bicolor var. sudanense; BMR), sorghum × sudangrass (SS), pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.; PM], or pearl millet planted with crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.; PMCG]. Treatments were distributed in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Pastures (0.81 ha, experimental unit) were assigned to one of four forage treatments, subdivided, and rotationally stocked with a variable stocking density. British-cross beef steers (n = 32; 3-yr average: 429 ± 22 kg) grazed for 70, 63, and 56 d in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. Put-and-take animals were used to maintain a forage allowance of 116 kg forage dry matter /100 kg body weight. Forage mass was measured by clipping a 4.3-m2 area in triplicate on d 0 and on 14-d intervals. Hand grab samples for forage nutritive value determination and quadrat clippings for species compositions were measured on d 0 and on 34-d intervals until termination of the trial. Forage mass was lowest (P &lt; 0.01) for PMCG at the initiation of the grazing trial, whereas BMR was greater (P &lt; 0.01) than SS at wk 6. Total digestible nutrients in 2014 were greater for SS compared to BMR and PM at the middle harvest (P &lt; 0.01) and BMR, PM, and PMCG at the final harvest (P &lt; 0.01). At the middle and final harvests in both 2015 and 2016, PM and PMCG contained greater (P &lt; 0.01) concentrations of crude protein than SS. These results suggest that BMR, SS, PM, and PMCG may all be used in southeastern forage-finishing beef production systems, as long as the producer strategically accounts for the slight growth and nutritive value differences throughout the season.

scholarly journals Pearl millet grain for beef cattle in crop-livestock integration system: intake and digestibility

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcell Patachi Alonso ◽  
Eduardo Henrique Bevitori Kling de Moraes ◽  
Dalton Henrique Pereira ◽  
Douglas Dos Santos Pina ◽  
Mircéia Angele Mombach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Dietary Concentration ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Energy Supplements ◽  
Different Levels

The present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional parameters (intake and digestibility) of beef cattle in two genetic groups fed protein-energy supplements formulated by different levels of replacement of maize with pearl millet grain during the dry season. Sixty-four uncastrated young bulls, with an average age of 20 months and an initial body weight of 388 ± 26 kg, were included in the study. The experimental area consisted of four paddocks approximately 4.7 ha in size, composed of Brachiaria brizantha ‘Marandu’ within a crop-livestock integration system. The study was based on a completely randomized factorial design (2×4). Two genetic groups (Crossbred and Nellore) and the effects of replacement of maize with pearl millet grain at 0%, 33%, 66%, and 100% in the supplement formulations were assessed. No significant effects were observed in the genetic groups and with the replacement of maize with pearl millet grain, as well as in the pasture total dry matter (DM) and nutrients intake, or the coefficients of total digestibility of nutrients. The dietary concentration of digested organic matter was not influenced by the replacement levels of pearl millet grain, with values of 514.88, 515.76, 516.01, and 515.98 g kg-1 of DM recorded for the 0%, 33%, 66%, and 100% replacement levels, respectively. Therefore, pearl millet grain can be utilized as a partial or total substitute for maize grain as the energetic ingredient in concentrated supplements for Nellore and crossbred beef cattle in pastures managed in crop-livestock integration systems.

scholarly journals Lipid-Extracted Algae as a Soil Amendment Can Increase Soil Salinization and Reduce Forage Growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Lewis ◽  
Jamie Foster ◽  
Frank Hons
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Lipid Extracted Algae ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass

Algae as a biodiesel feedstock are more productive per unit area than traditional feedstock options, but currently algae production is not economical without high-value co-products. Lipid-extracted algae (LEA) may be useful as a soil amendment; however, research is needed to determine the feasibility and management strategies required. The objective was to determine salinity-associated effects of LEA as a soil amendment on a range of salt tolerant forages [foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), and a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)]. Forage seed were planted in columns containing sandy clay loam soil amended with the following: (1) control [nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer added], (2) 1.5% LEA by weight, (3) 3.0% LEA, (4) 1.5% LEA + 1.5% wheat straw (WS), and (5) 1.5% WS (+N, +P). Seedling emergence and total herbage mass (HM) from sequential harvests was determined, along with forage mineral uptake. Soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were analyzed after the final harvest. Seedling emergence of pearl millet was negatively affected by LEA application, but not foxtail millet or sorghum-sudangrass. Pearl millet emergence was most reduced in 3.0% LEA treated soil, however, this treatment produced greater HM by the third harvest. Soil pH and EC were greater in 3.0% LEA-treated soil than the control and 1.5% WS treatment. Production of salt tolerant forages such as sorghum-sudangrass is possible in LEA-amended soil; however, with repeated applications soil salinity may reduce productivity and sustainability.

scholarly journals Effect of Summer Annual Forage and Type of Shade on Grazing Behavior of Beef Stocker Heifers

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Guillermo Scaglia
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Grazing Behavior ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Forage Type

<p>Heat stress in beef cattle is still one of the issues affecting animal performance in the beef cattle industry. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of two summer annual forages such as alyceclover (<em>Alysicarpus vaginalis</em> L.), and pearl millet (<em>Pennisetum glaucum</em>) with natural (trees) or artificial shade (80% shade) on grazing behavior and on reducing the heat load of crossbred yearling heifers. On three consecutive years from mid-July to mid-September, 36 (<em>Bos taurus</em> × <em>B. indicus</em>) heifers (body weight [BW] = 321±11.3 kg) were randomly allotted (n = 3) and continuously stocked in 12-1.33 ha paddocks in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (2 forage types and 2 shade types) with three replicates. Heifers grazing on alyceclover gained more (p = 0.03) than those grazing pearl millet (0.94 and 0.80 kg, respectively). Grazing behavior variables were not affected (p &gt; 0.05) by forage type and forage type x shade type interaction; however, shade type affected grazing and lying time (p &lt; 0.05). Time of day (TOD) affected (p &lt; 0.05) grazing and standing time, number of steps taken, respiration rate, and panting scores. These negative effects are related with the greatest temperature humidity index between 1100 and 1459 h. When data were analyzed by TOD, the negative effect on grazing behavior variables was not different for heifers with access to natural or artificial shades. Under the conditions of the present experiment, artificial shade provided protection for cattle. Grazing behavior parameters can be used to monitor heat load in grazing cattle.</p>

Nutritive characteristics of pearl millet grain in beef cattle diets.

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
G M Hill ◽  
W W Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Pearl Millet

scholarly journals Evaluation of warm season annual forages for forage yield and quality in the north-central United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S Bleier ◽  
Wayne K Coblentz ◽  
Kenneth F Kalscheur ◽  
Kevin Panke-Buisse ◽  
Geoffrey E Brink
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
The North ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
Pearl Millet Cultivars

Abstract Grazing-based dairy operations require productive, high-quality forages capable of supporting the nutritional needs of mid-lactation dairy cows. Our objectives were to evaluate primary and regrowth harvests of two cultivars of sudangrass (SU), sorghum-sudangrass (S×SU), and pearl millet (PM) forages for growth and nutritive characteristics within the specific context of suitability for grazing by dairy cows. Three harvest cycles, including primary and regrowth cycles in 2016, and a single harvest cycle of primary growth in 2017, were evaluated at two locations (Prairie du Sac and Marshfield, WI). Within each cycle, sampling was initiated when canopy height was about 41 cm and continued thereafter on weekly intervals for 5 weeks, resulting in six equally spaced sampling dates per harvest cycle. Data were analyzed as a split-plot design with cultivars (6) as whole-plots arranged in randomized complete blocks and weekly harvest dates (6) as subplots. Yields of dry matter (DM) were less consistent at the more northern location (Marshfield), which is known for its heavier, poorly drained soils. Despite locational differences, the taller-growing cultivar within each forage type frequently exhibited yield advantages over dwarf or shorter-growing cultivars; this occurred for 7 of 9 intra-forage-type comparisons (P ≤ 0.021) across three harvest cycles at Prairie du Sac, and for 6 of 9 similar comparisons (P ≤ 0.032) at Marshfield. In 2016, shorter-growing cultivars had greater percentages of leaf in 4 of 6 intra-forage-type comparisons at both locations (P ≤ 0.004), which is especially relevant for grazing. Similarly, PM cultivars exhibited shorter canopy heights (P ≤ 0.002), but greater percentages of leaf (P &lt; 0.001), than all other cultivars during all harvest cycles at both locations. However, the greater leaf percentages exhibited by PM cultivars did not translate into reduced percentages of structural plant fiber (asNDFom) on a whole-plant basis during any harvest cycle at either location; furthermore, asNDFom concentrations for PM cultivars were greater (P ≤ 0.047) than observed for other cultivars within 3 of 6 harvest cycles across both locations. Ruminal in-situ degradation of asNDFom for whole-plant forages based on a 48-h incubation was significantly greater (P ≤ 0.006) for PM compared with other cultivars in 4 of 6 harvest cycles. Pearl millet cultivars generally exhibited more suitable characteristics for grazing livestock than SU or S×SU cultivars.

scholarly journals Warm-season annual forages in forage-finishing beef systems: II. Animal performance and carcass characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 400-410
Author(s):  
Deidre D Harmon ◽  
Dennis W Hancock ◽  
R Lawton Stewart ◽  
Jenna L Lacey ◽  
Robert W Mckee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Forage Availability ◽  
Quality Grade ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass

Abstract More information on expected animal performance and carcass traits of forage-finished steers grazing warm-season annual forages is needed. To achieve this objective, a grazing trial was conducted in 2014, 2015, and 2016 (70, 63, and 56 d, respectively), with variation in length of grazing based on forage availability. Sixteen pastures (0.81 ha) were assigned to 1 of 4 forage treatments in a randomized complete block design. Forage treatments were brown midrib sorghum × sudangrass (BMR; Sorghum bicolor var. bicolor*bicolor var. sudanense), sorghum × sudangrass (SS), pearl millet [PM; Pennisetum glaucum (L.)R.Br.], or pearl millet planted with crabgrass [PMCG; Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.]. Each year, British-cross beef steers (n = 32; 3 y average: 429 ± 22 kg) were stratified by weight and randomly assigned to 1 of the 16 pastures for forage finishing. Each pasture was subdivided into two 0.405-ha paddocks for rotational stocking and a put-and-take stocking method was used to maintain a forage allowance of 116 kg forage dry matter/100 kg body weight (BW). Shrunk body weight and ultrasonically measured carcass composition were recorded at the initiation, middle, and end of each grazing season. Steers were harvested once forage availability became limited and chilled carcasses (24 h) were evaluated for yield grade and quality grade attributes. Statistical analysis was conducted using the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS 9.4 (Cary, NC) with main effects of treatment, year, and the interaction. Pasture and block were considered random effects while date was assessed as a main effect when applicable. Daily stocking densities were greater (P &lt; 0.04) for SS than PMCG in the first 20 d of 2014 and 2015. Forage treatment did not affect (P &gt; 0.17) total gain, total average daily gain, or body weight at any time point. Ultrasound composition traits of loin muscle area, 12th rib fat thickness, intramuscular fat, and rump fat were impacted (P &lt; 0.01) by scanning date. No differences (P &gt; 0.08) in forage treatments were observed for carcass characteristics associated with yield grade or quality grade. The findings suggest that forage-finished cattle during the summer months on BMR, SS, PM, and PMCG perform similarly, giving producers the option to use the most economical or practical forage type for their production system.

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