Corn Seed Germination and Vigor Following Freezing during Seed Development

Crop Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1526-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Woltz ◽  
Dennis M. TeKrony ◽  
Dennis B. Egli
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Corn Seed

scholarly journals Asymbiotic germination of Vanilla planifolia in relation to the timing of seed collection and seed pretreatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hsin Yeh ◽  
Kai-Yi Chen ◽  
Yung-I. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Outermost Layer ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Seed Pretreatment ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Mature Seeds

Abstract Background Vanilla planifolia is an important tropical orchid for production of natural vanilla flavor. Traditionally, V. planifolia is propagated by stem cuttings, which produces identical genotype that are sensitive to virulent pathogens. However, propagation with seed germination of V. planifolia is intricate and unstable because the seed coat is extremely hard with strong hydrophobic nature. A better understanding of seed development, especially the formation of impermeable seed coat would provide insights into seed propagation and conservation of genetic resources of Vanilla. Results We found that soaking mature seeds in 4% sodium hypochlorite solution from 75 to 90 min significantly increased germination. For the culture of immature seeds, the seed collection at 45 days after pollination (DAP) had the highest germination percentage. We then investigated the anatomical features during seed development that associated with the effect of seed pretreatment on raising seed germination percentage. The 45-DAP immature seeds have developed globular embryos and the thickened non-lignified cell wall at the outermost layer of the outer seed coat. Seeds at 60 DAP and subsequent stages germinated poorly. As the seed approached maturity, the cell wall of the outermost layer of the outer seed coat became lignified and finally compressed into a thick envelope at maturity. On toluidine blue O staining, the wall of outer seed coat stained greenish blue, indicating the presence of phenolic compounds. As well, on Nile red staining, a cuticular substance was detected in the surface wall of the embryo proper and the innermost wall of the inner seed coat. Conclusion We report a reliable protocol for seed pretreatment of mature seeds and for immature seeds culture based on a defined time schedule of V. plantifolia seed development. The window for successful germination of culturing immature seed was short. The quick accumulation of lignin, phenolics and/or phytomelanins in the seed coat may seriously inhibit seed germination after 45 DAP. As seeds matured, the thickened and lignified seed coat formed an impermeable envelope surrounding the embryo, which may play an important role in inducing dormancy. Further studies covering different maturity of green capsules are required to understand the optimal seed maturity and germination of seeds.

scholarly journals Non-TZF Protein AtC3H59/ZFWD3 Is Involved in Seed Germination, Seedling Development, and Seed Development, Interacting with PPPDE Family Protein Desi1 in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4738
Author(s):  
Hye-Yeon Seok ◽  
Hyungjoon Bae ◽  
Taehyoung Kim ◽  
Syed Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi ◽  
Linh Vu Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Ccch Zinc Finger ◽  
Family Protein ◽  
Wd40 Domain ◽  
Primary Root Length

Despite increasing reports on the function of CCCH zinc finger proteins in plant development and stress response, the functions and molecular aspects of many non-tandem CCCH zinc finger (non-TZF) proteins remain uncharacterized. AtC3H59/ZFWD3 is an Arabidopsis non-TZF protein and belongs to the ZFWD subfamily harboring a CCCH zinc finger motif and a WD40 domain. In this study, we characterized the biological and molecular functions of AtC3H59, which is subcellularly localized in the nucleus. The seeds of AtC3H59-overexpressing transgenic plants (OXs) germinated faster than those of wild type (WT), whereas atc3h59 mutant seeds germinated slower than WT seeds. AtC3H59 OX seedlings were larger and heavier than WT seedlings, whereas atc3h59 mutant seedlings were smaller and lighter than WT seedlings. Moreover, AtC3H59 OX seedlings had longer primary root length than WT seedlings, whereas atc3h59 mutant seedlings had shorter primary root length than WT seedlings, owing to altered cell division activity in the root meristem. During seed development, AtC3H59 OXs formed larger and heavier seeds than WT. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we isolated Desi1, a PPPDE family protein, as an interacting partner of AtC3H59. AtC3H59 and Desi1 interacted via their WD40 domain and C-terminal region, respectively, in the nucleus. Taken together, our results indicate that AtC3H59 has pleiotropic effects on seed germination, seedling development, and seed development, and interacts with Desi1 in the nucleus via its entire WD40 domain. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the biological functions of the ZFWD protein and Desi1 in Arabidopsis.

scholarly journals Asymbiotic Germination of Mature Seeds and the Seed Development of Vanilla Planifolia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hsin Yeh ◽  
Kai-Yi Chen ◽  
Yung-I Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Outermost Layer ◽  
Seed Pretreatment ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Mature Seeds

Abstract Background: Vanilla planifolia is an important tropical orchid for production of natural vanilla flavor. Traditionally, V. planifolia is propagated by stem cuttings, which produces identical genotype that are sensitive to virulent pathogens. However, sexual propagation with seed germination of V. planifolia is intricate and unstable because of the extremely hard seed coat. A better understanding of seed development, especially the formation of impermeable seed coat would provide insights into seed propagation and conservation of genetic resources of Vanilla.Results: We found that soaking mature seeds in 4 % sodium hypochlorite solution from 75 to 90 min significantly increased germination and that immature seeds collected at 45 days after pollination (DAP) had the highest germination percentage. We then investigated the anatomical features during seed development that associated with the effect of seed pretreatment on raising seed germination percentage. The 45-DAP immature seeds have developed globular embryos and the thickened non-lignified cell wall at the outermost layer of the outer seed coat. After 60 DAP, the cell wall of the outermost layer of the outer seed coat became lignified and finally compressed into a thick envelope. These features matches the significant decreases of immature seed germination percentage after 60 DAP. Conclusion: We report a reliable protocol for seed pretreatment of mature seeds and for immature seeds culture based on a defined time schedule of V. plantifolia seed development. The thickened and lignified seed coat formed an impermeable envelope surrounding the embryo, and might play an important role in seed dormancy of V. plantifolia.

scholarly journals Early development of corn seedlings primed with synthetic tenorite nanofertilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Esper Neto ◽  
David W. Britt ◽  
Kyle Alan Jackson ◽  
Alessandro Lucca Braccini ◽  
Tadeu Takeyoshi Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Cu Toxicity ◽  
Germination And Growth

Abstract: Fertilizer formulation alternatives that avoid unnecessary losses and environmental impacts are being investigated in agricultural management. Seed priming with nanofertilizers prior to planting, reduces concerns about non-target dispersion; however, priming formulations and concentrations must be carefully selected to avoid undesired effects. Here, seed germination and seedling development were evaluated after seed priming with CuO nanoparticles (NPs), CuO bulk and CuCl2. The seeds were immersed in priming solutions of 0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg.L−1 Cu for the three Cu sources. Following 8 hours priming, the seeds were evaluated for germination and vigor (first germination count). Root and shoot lengths were measured as well as shoot and root dry biomass. The copper NP did not show any toxic effects on corn seed germination and growth, and also promoted higher biomass when compared to the other Cu sources. On the other hand, CuCl2 primed seeds exhibited Cu-toxicity in roots and shoots for all concentrations tested. Bulk Cu priming results indicated the better role of NPs size effects. These findings support NP-seed priming as an alternative to delivery of essential micronutrients, such as copper, to corn seedlings.

scholarly journals Aged biochar changed copper availability and distribution among soil fractions and influenced corn seed germination in a copper-contaminated soil

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 124828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Isidória Silva Gonzaga ◽  
Maria Iraildes de Almeida Silva Matias ◽  
Kairon Rocha Andrade ◽  
Amanda Nascimento de Jesus ◽  
Grazielle da Costa Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Soil Fractions ◽  
Copper Availability ◽  
Copper Contaminated

Active oxygen species and antioxidants in seed biology

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Bailly
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Active Oxygen Species ◽  
Active Oxygen ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Seed Biology ◽  
Seed Physiology

Active oxygen species (AOS) are involved in various aspects of seed physiology. Their generation, which occurs during seed desiccation, germination and ageing, may lead to oxidative stress and cellular damage, resulting in seed deterioration. However, cells are endowed with detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant compounds that scavenge AOS and participate in seed survival. The detoxifying mechanisms play a key role in acquisition of desiccation tolerance of developing seeds, completion of seed germination and seed storability. However, AOS must also be regarded as molecules intervening in cellular signalling. They are involved in growth processes occurring at early embryogenesis during seed development, and participate in the mechanisms underlying radicle protrusion during seed germination. AOS might also have a regulatory function in the changes in gene expression during seed development, dormancy and germination. Their interplay with other molecules, particularly with hormones such as abscisic acid, suggests that they should be considered as key components of an integrated signalling network involved in many aspects of seed physiology.

Phosphoglyceromutase activity and concentration in the endosperm of developing and germinating Ricinus communis seeds

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1908-1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik C. Botha ◽  
David T. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Relative Molecular Mass ◽  
Heterogeneous Mixture ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Monospecific Antiserum ◽  
Early Seedling

Monospecific antiserum was raised in rabbits to phosphoglyceromutase isolated from the developing endosperm of Ricinus communis. The antiserum binds to both the plastid and cytosolic isozymes of this enzyme. Both isozymes have a relative molecular mass of 64 500 and are monomers. The large increase in phosphoglyceromutase activity that occurs during seed development and early seedling growth coincides with an increase in the phosphoglyceromutase concentration. Contradictory results were obtained with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent and Western blot assays during the later stages of seed maturation and early stages of seed germination. This is probably a result of a heterogeneous mixture of phosphoglyceromutase fragments, resulting from partial proteolysis of the enzyme during the drying of the seeds.

The effect of humic substances on germination and early growth of Lamb’s Quarters (Chenopodium album agg.)

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Božena Šerá ◽  
František Novák
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Diverse Origin ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters ◽  
Germination And Growth

AbstractIn order to understand the biological activity of humic substances (HS), the effect of four humic acids (HA) and one fulvic acid (FA) on seed germination and early growth of cosmopolitan weed Chenopodium album agg. were tested. Humic substances of diverse origin were used, namely purified commercial HA, HA isolated from lignite, cambisol and podzol, and FA from mountain spruce forest soil. Data processing by two-way ANOVA has shown that type of the tested substances was a more important factor on seed development than used concentration. The major differences in germination and length of shoots were found in the first days of the experiment. Commercial and lignite HA stimulated the seed germination and growth, while podzol HA inhibited them. After this initial phase, all humic substances stimulated the seed development, but these stimulations were not significant (P < 0.05). At the end of germination test, the greatest stimulation effect (up to 20%) was achieved with the lignite HA.

scholarly journals Identification and expression analysis of a novel phytocystatin in developing and germinating seeds of triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Simińska ◽  
Wiesław Bielawski
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Storage Protein ◽  
Cdna Sequence ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase Activity

In this paper the complete cDNA sequence of a newly identified triticale phytocystatin, TrcC-7, was analyzed. Because <em>TrcC-7</em> transcripts were present in seeds, we hypothesized that it may regulate storage protein accumulation and degradation. Therefore, changes in mRNA and protein levels during the entire period of seed development and germination were examined. Expression of <em>TrcC-7</em> increased during development and decreased at the end of maturation and subsequently increased during seed germination. Based on these results, TrcC-7 likely regulates cysteine proteinase activity during the accumulation and mobilization of storage proteins.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan Biji Buah Naga (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) dengan Pemberian NAA dan Ekstrak Biji Jagung (Zea Mays) secara In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Rizka Widasari ◽  
Mukarlina Mukarlina ◽  
Zulfa Zakiah
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Hylocereus Polyrhizus

(Article History: Received 25 November 2020; Revised 5 January 2021; Accepted 10 February 2021) ABSTRAKBuah naga (Hylocereus polyrhizus) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Perbanyakan bibit secara in vitro dengan teknologi kultur jaringan merupakan cara alternatif yang tepat untuk menyediakan bibit dalam waktu singkat dengan jumlah banyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh dan konsentrasi terbaik penambahan ekstrak biji jagung dan NAA pada media tumbuh terhadap perkecambahan biji buah naga merah secara in vitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 2 faktor perlakuan. Faktor pertama yaitu NAA dengan konsentrasi 0 M, 10-8M, 10-7M, dan 5x10-7M. Faktor kedua yaitu ekstrak biji jagung dengan konsentrasi 0%, 5%, 7,5%, dan 10%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian ekstrak biji jagung tunggal, NAA tunggal dan kombinasi ekstrak biji jagung dan NAA memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi planlet, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap persentase perkecambahan. Pemberian ekstrak biji jagung tunggal memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap waktu berkecambah, sedangkan pemberian ekstrak biji jagung tunggal dan NAA tunggal berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah akar. Perlakuan  5.10-7M NAA + 7,5% ekstrak biji jagung menghasilkan pertumbuhan tinggi plantlet terbaik. Konsentrasi 7,5% ekstrak biji jagung merupakan konsentrasi terbaik waktu berkecambahan biji buah naga dan konsentrasi NAA tunggal 10-8M memberikan jumlah akar terbanyak.Kata Kunci: Pertumbuhan in vitro, Biji Buah Naga, Ekstrak Biji Jagung, NAA.                                     ABSTRAKDragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is one of the cultivated plants in Indonesia. In vitro propagation of seeds with the addition of synthetic growth regulators or from growth regulators from organic matter in the media, is an appropriate alternative way to provide large quantities of seeds in a short time. This study aims to determine the effect and the best effect of corn seed extract and NAA on growing media on in vitro red dragon fruit seed germination. The research was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Tanjungpura Pontianak. The study used a completely randomized design with 2 treatment factors. The first factor is NAA with a concentration of 0 M, 10-8M, 10-7M, and 5x10-7M. The second factor is corn seed extract with a concentration of 0%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. The results showed that the administration of single corn seed extract, single NAA and a combination of corn seed extract and NAA had a significant effect on plantlet height, but did not significantly affect the germination percentage. The administration of single corn seed extract had a significant effect on germination time, while the administration of single corn seed extract and single NAA had a significant effect on the number of roots. The 5.10-7M NAA + 7.5% corn seed extract treatment resulted in the best plantlet height growth. The concentration of 7.5% corn seed extract was the best concentration for dragon fruit seed germination time and a single NAA concentration of 10-8M gave the highest number of roots.Keywords: In Vitro Growth, Dragon Fruit Seeds, Corn Seed Extract, NAA.

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