Yield Response in Experiments With Phosphorus Fertilizers in Relation to: I. Meaningful Differences Among Sources on Acid Soils of the Southeastern States

1960 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Terman
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soils ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizers

The interaction between soil pH and phosphorus for wheat yield and the impact of lime-induced changes to soil aluminium and potassium

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Scanlan ◽  
Ross F. Brennan ◽  
Mario F. D'Antuono ◽  
Gavin A. Sarre
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
The Impact

Interactions between soil pH and phosphorus (P) for plant growth have been widely reported; however, most studies have been based on pasture species, and the agronomic importance of this interaction for acid-tolerant wheat in soils with near-sufficient levels of fertility is unclear. We conducted field experiments with wheat at two sites with acid soils where lime treatments that had been applied in the 6 years preceding the experiments caused significant changes to soil pH, extractable aluminium (Al), soil nutrients and exchangeable cations. Soil pH(CaCl2) at 0–10cm was 4.7 without lime and 6.2 with lime at Merredin, and 4.7 without lime and 6.5 with lime at Wongan Hills. A significant lime×P interaction (P<0.05) for grain yield was observed at both sites. At Merredin, this interaction was negative, i.e. the combined effect of soil pH and P was less than their additive effect; the difference between the dose–response curves without lime and with lime was greatest at 0kgPha–1 and the curves converged at 32kgPha–1. At Wongan Hills, the interaction was positive (combined effect greater than the additive effect), and lime application reduced grain yield. The lime×P interactions observed are agronomically important because different fertiliser P levels were required to maximise grain yield. A lime-induced reduction in Al phytotoxicity was the dominant mechanism for this interaction at Merredin. The negative grain yield response to lime at Wongan Hills was attributed to a combination of marginal soil potassium (K) supply and lime-induced reduction in soil K availability.

scholarly journals Short- and Long-Term Effects of Lime and Gypsum Applications on Acid Soils in a Water-Limited Environment: 1. Grain Yield Response and Nutrient Concentration

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey C. Anderson ◽  
Shahab Pathan ◽  
James Easton ◽  
David J. M. Hall ◽  
Rajesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Growing Seasons

Surface (0–10 cm) and subsoil (soil layers below 10 cm) acidity and resulting aluminum (Al) toxicity reduce crop grain yields. In South Western Australia (SWA), these constraints affect 14.2 million hectares or 53% of the agricultural area. Both lime (L, CaCO3) and gypsum (G, CaSO4) application can decrease the toxic effect of Al, leading to an increase in crop grain yields. Within the region, it is unclear if G alone or the combined use of L and G has a role in alleviating soil acidity in SWA, due to low sulfate S (SO4–S) sorption properties of the soil. We present results from three experiments located in the eastern wheatbelt of SWA, which examined the short-term (ST, 2 growing seasons), medium-term (MT, 3 growing seasons), and long-term (LT, 7 growing seasons over 10 years) effects of L and G on grain yield and plant nutrient concentrations. Despite the rapid leaching of SO4–S and no self-liming impact, it was profitable to apply G, due to the significant ST grain yield responses. The grain yield response to G developed even following relatively dry years, but declined over time due to SO4–S leaching. At the LT experimental site had received no previous L application, whereas, at the ST and MT sites, L had been applied by the grower over the previous 5–10 years. For the LT site, the most profitable treatment for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield, was the combined application of 4 t L ha−1 with 2 t G ha−1. At this site, the 0–10 cm soil pHCaCl2 was 4.6, and AlCaCl2 was greater than 2.5 mg kg−1 in the 10–30 cm soil layer. In contrast, at the ST and MT sites, the pHCaCl2 of 0–10 cm soil layer was ≥5.5; it was only profitable to apply G to the MT site where the soil compaction constraint had been removed by deep ripping. The use of L increases soil pHCaCl2, resulting in the improved availability of anions, phosphorus (P) in the LT and molybdenum (Mo) at all sampling times, but reduced availability of cations zinc (Zn) in the LT and manganese (Mn) at all sampling. The application of G reduced Mo concentrations, due to the high SO4–S content of the soil.

Iron status of crops in Prince Edward Island and effect of soil pH on plant iron concentration

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh C. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Cereal Grain

Field studies were conducted in Prince Edward Island (PEI) on the Fe nutrition of cereals and forages and to determine the relationship between plant Fe and soil pH. The Fe concentration in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) boot stage tissue (BST) and grain ranged from 35 to 65 and from 19 to 42 mg kg−1, respectively, in the control and from 38 to 57 and from 22 to 45 mg kg−1, respectively, in the soil applied Fe treatments. In the foliar applied Fe treatments, the cereal BST contained as much as 121 mg Fe kg−1 in the FeSO4.7H2O treatments and up to 86 mg kg−1 in the chelate-Fe treatment, but neither of these two sources increased Fe concentration in the grain. In the first cut of forages in the foliar treatments, the Fe was as high as 131 mg Fe kg−1, but no differences were generally found between the control and Fe treatments in the second cut. Over the soil pH ranges of 4.5–6.9, no consistency was found in the correlation coefficient (r) values between plant Fe and soil pH. In spite of the Fe concentrations as low as 19 mg kg−1 in cereal grain and 23 mg kg−1 in forages in the control treatments, no yield response to added Fe was found. However, the Fe concentrations as found in this study would be considered deficient for livestock and mineral supplements of Fe to the feeds may be desirable. Key words: Cereals, forages, soil pH, plant iron, acid soils

Efficacy of various soil phosphate tests for predicting phosphate responsiveness and requirements of clover pastures on acidic tableland soils

Soil Research ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICR Holford ◽  
GJ Crocker
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
New South ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Critical Values ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Soil Phosphate ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Fertilizer Requirement

The efficacies of six different soil phosphate tests (Bray1, Bray2, alkaline fluoride, lactate, Olsen and Colwell) for predicting yield responsiveness and phosphate requirements of white clover pastures were investigated in 41 experiments over five years on acidic soils of the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. The results contrasted with those obtained on slightly acid-to-alkaline wheat-growing soils and supported the dual hypothesis that a different type of phosphate extractant is required on acidic pasture soils from that required on more alkaline wheat-growing soils, and that phosphate sorptivity is of little importance on more acid soils. The Bray1 test was the most effective, and the lactate test least effective, in predicting responsiveness and fertilizer requirement. All soil tests, except Bray2 and lactate, were more effective on these acidic soils than on more alkaline wheat-growing soils. This was partly caused by a significant positive correlation between values of the more effective tests and yield response curvatures. However, there was no correlation between phosphate sorption and response curvature. The critical values for Bray1, fluoride and bicarbonate tests were similar to those on wheat-growing soils, but those for Bray2 and lactate were somewhat higher. Critical values for the Colwell test tended to increase with increasing phosphate sorptivity.

scholarly journals The effect of fertilizers on the yield and quality of sweet potatoes

1969 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
Pablo Landrau, Jr. ◽  
George Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Press Cake ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Sandy Clay

The effects of major and minor fertilizer elements on yield and carotene and starch content of sweetpotatoes were investigated, and the following conclusions were drawn: 1. Excessive quantities of nitrogen decreased sweetpotato yields. The use of 82 pounds of N per acre was the highest rate needed in the four experiments. 2. The use of phosphorus fertilizers with rates of applications as high as 200 pounds of P2O5 per acre had no effect on yields. With the use of 300 pounds P2O5 per acre, a yield increase was obtained only on the Lares clay at Corozal. 3. No consistent increases in yields were obtained with increasing potassium additions to the soil. There was a yield response to the potassium applications on the Cataño loamy sand of the Loiza I experiment. There was no significant response to potassium on Lares clay at Corozal, on Cataño loamy sand at the Loiza II experiment, or on the Sabana Seca sandy clay loam at Sabana Seca. 4. The yields of marketable sweetpotatoes were increased by the use of potassium on Cataño loamy sand at the Loiza I experiment. 5. Filter-press cake used alone gave low yields on Cataño loamy sand. The use of filter-press cake plus fertilizer gave good results both on the heavy Lares clay and on the Cataño loamy sand. 6. The yields of sweetpotatoes were measurably affected by the use of lime in the acid Lares clay. The application of lime to raise the pH gave increased yields with increased soil pH. The Sabana Seca experiment showed yield increases from the use of calcium sulfate (gypsum). 7. No consistent yield increases were obtained from the use of magnesium oxide. 8. The use of boron gave significant yield increases in the Sabana Seca and Corozal experiments, but not in the Loiza experiment. 9. No yield increases occurred with the use of manganese and copper. 10. There was no effect on starch content attributable to any major- or minor-element treatment. 11. The use of nitrogenous fertilizers influenced the carotene content of the sweetpotatoes; where nitrogen applications produced yield increases there were also increases in the carotene content. 12. Increases in carotene content were obtained with phosphorus only when the yields were significantly increased by addition of phosphorus. 13. No significant effect on carotene content was noted for potassium, except for a decrease in one experiment on a Cataño loamy sand. 14. The carotene content of sweetpotatoes was measurably affected by the use of calcium carbonate on acid soils (pH 4.5). Increases in pH were accompanied by increases in carotene content. In most cases where yields were increased by liming, the carotene content increased appreciably. 15. No responses were obtained from the use of boron, magnesium, copper, and manganese on the carotene content of sweetpotatoes. No effects were obtained on yields by use of these elements, except boron on a Sabana Seca sandy clay. 16. A recommendation is made for sweetpotatoes of 600 pounds of a 8-6-16 formula per acre. 17. The yields of sweetpotatoes compared favorably with yields for the leading sweetpotato-producing States of Louisiana and North Carolina. 18. Yields were increased by planting in the shorter days of winter as compared to the longer summer days. Carotene content, however, was increased with spring as compared to winter plantings.

SOLUBLE Al, EXCHANGEABLE Al, BASE SATURATION AND pH IN RELATION TO BARLEY YIELD ON CANADIAN ACID SOILS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. WEBBER ◽  
P.B. HOYT ◽  
D. CORNEAU
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Canadian Provinces

Seven surface and eight subsurface acid soils, sampled from six Canadian provinces, were cropped to barley in a greenhouse experiment. The soils were limed at determined rates to produce the following soil conditions: I, soluble Al to 8 ppm; II, exchangeable Al to 2 meq/100 g soil; III, base saturation to 60%; and IV, full base saturation. The adjustments were not as precise as intended, but they did provide means for finding relations between soil acidity measurements and barley yield response to lime. Both a 5-day equilibration method and a rapid method for soil analysis showed that soluble Al and percent base saturation correlated better with barley yields than did exchangeable Al and pH. The 5-day equilibration method gave the better correlations, with soluble Al, percent base saturation, exchangeable Al and pH accounting for 68, 73, 40 and 39% of the variation in barley yields, respectively. Although this study indicated that soluble Al and percent base saturation gave equally good predictions of Al-sensitive crops to liming, the soluble Al measurement is simpler and, therefore, more suitable for general diagnostic purposes.

Liming effects on the response of potatoes and oats to phosphorus, potassium and magnesium fertilizers

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Available Nutrients ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Yield Responses

SummaryIn two long-term liming experiments on a sandy-clay loam at Rothamsted and a loamy sand at Woburn the responses of potatoes in 1974 and oats in 1975 to cumulative dressings of superphosphate and potassium chloride applied since 1962 and magnesium sulphate applied in 1974 were measured at four pH levels within the range pH 4–pH 7.Yields of both crops were similar over the whole pH range when standard rates of NPKMg fertilizers were given. Without added P and Mg, yields of potatoes were much smaller on the more acid soils, but without K, yields were larger. A similar pattern of yield responses to P and Mg fertilizers occurred with oats but there were no differences between the small responses to K additions over the whole pH range.Analyses of potato leaves sampled at the 10% flowering stage showed differences related to the yield effects for K and Mg but not for P. Yield responses were associated with concentrations less than 4% K and 0·18% Mg in the dry matter of topmost fully mature leaves.The differences in yield response caused by liming were not associated with differences in ‘available’ nutrients in the soils (determined using standard methods).

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